No abstract available.
Hysterectomy*

No abstract available.
Leiomyoma*

PURPOSE: Carbon monoxide (CO) is produced during the degradation of hemoglobin to heme (iron protoporphyrin) and present in various tissues including brain. CO is believed to activate soluble guanylate cyclase to exert its action on the smooth muscles. the effects of CO and its relationships to adrenergic or cholinergic mechanisms were studied using the isolated rabbit corpus cavernosal strips, and the effects of CO and NO were further investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using adult New Zealand rabbits, the corpus cavernosal strip was carefully prepared from rabbit penis and suspended in an 10ml organ bath containing Tyrode solution. When a stable tension level of the strip had been attained, drugs were added to the organ bath the change of motility of the strip was recorded on a computerized polygraph. RESULTS: The NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and CO caused a dosedependent relaxation of the cavernosal strip of the rabbit penis. Pretreatment of SNP and CO had no effect on contraction induced by adrenergic drugs and the effects of SNP and CO was not affected by atropine. The relaxation effects of SNP were inhibited by NO scavenger pyrogallol, inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase 1H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo[4,3-a] quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) and methylene blue. The relaxation effects of CO were significantly inhibited by ODQ and methylene blue. the relaxation effects by acetylcholine were inhibited by NO synthase inhibitor L-nitroarginine methyl ester (NAME) and deendothelialization, but not affected by zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP), the heme oxidase inhibitor. On the immunostaining of heme oxidase (HO) in corpus cavernosal smooth muscle strip, the positive staining for HO was observed in the perivascular nerve fibers. CONCLUSIONS: The relaxation effect of NO was confirmed, and CO exerts an endothelium dependent relaxing effect on the cavernosal strip of the rabbit penis similar to NO. This action is seem to be mediated by soluble guanylate cyclase, and the actions of CO is also mediated by similar guanylate cyclase system.
Acetylcholine ; Adrenergic Agents ; Adult ; Atropine ; Baths ; Brain ; Carbon Monoxide* ; Carbon* ; Endothelium ; Guanylate Cyclase ; Heme ; Humans ; Male ; Methylene Blue ; Muscle, Smooth ; Nerve Fibers ; Nitric Oxide ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; Nitroprusside ; Oxidoreductases ; Penis ; Pyrogallol ; Rabbits ; Relaxation ; Tissue Donors ; Zinc

Local release of neurotransmitters from autonomic nerve fibers in the nasal mucosa is known to play an important role for the protection of the lower airways. In addition to classical neurotransmitters, a diverse collection of neuropeptides are found in the sensory, parasympathetic, and sympathetic nerve fibers and may act as co-transmitters or modulators of effects induced by classical neurotransmitters. In the nasal mucosa, these neuropeptides are known to regulate the blood flow and content, secretory activity, and other epithelial functions and to be involved in the regulation of immunological reactions. There are increasing evidences that neuropeptides may play an important role in the pathophysiologic events in both specific and nonspecific hyperreactivity. Further study on the neuropeptides is needed to clarify the pathophysiologic mechanisms of nasal mucosal hyperreactivity.
Autonomic Pathways ; Nasal Mucosa* ; Nerve Fibers ; Neuropeptides ; Neurotransmitter Agents

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of high dose corticosteroid and optic canal decompression on the traumatic optic nerve injury. METHODS: Twenty six patients who were diagnosed to have traumatic optic nerve injury, were divided into two groups in which one group received corticosteroid therapy while the other group underwent optic canal decompression combined with corticosteroid therapy. RESULTS: Visual acuity increased by > OR =3 lines of LogMAR scale in 47% of the corticosteroid group, in 28% of operation and steroid group, and in 42% of overall cases. But the degree of visual acuity improvement had no difference between two groups(p=0.72). As the patients were divided into two groups based on initial visual acuity such as no light perception and light perception or better, the initial visual acuity did not have influence on the final visual outcome in both corticosteroid group and operation and steroid group(p=0.78, p=0.33). CONCLUSIONS: This result suggest that effect of high dose corticosteroid and optic canal decompression on traumatic optic nerve injury is not different.
Decompression* ; Humans ; Optic Nerve Injuries* ; Optic Nerve* ; Visual Acuity

No abstract available.
Mandible*

No abstract available.
Head* ; Neck* ; Neurilemmoma*

Squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva is a rare disease and usually arises at the limbus and spreads to the cornea, adjacent bulbar conjunctiva and sclera. We experienced two cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the cornea and bulbar conjunctiva. One patient was a 36-year old male with progressive loss of visual acuity and discomfort in the nasal side of the left eyeball for about 7 months. The other patient was a 67-year old male with excessive tearing, recurrent conjunctival injection and elevated mass on inferonasal side of the limbus of the left eye. Excisional biopsy was carried out and histopathologic examination revealed bulbar squamous cell carcinoma in both patients.
Adult ; Aged ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Conjunctiva* ; Cornea ; Humans ; Male ; Rare Diseases ; Sclera ; Visual Acuity

BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of nasal polyp is not well understood, however the common pathway of nasal polyp formation is tissue edema. Factors that are known to predispose tissue edema include histamine, arachidonic acid metabolites, serotonin and peptidergic neuro-transmitters. OBJECTIVES: To elucidate the pathophysiological roles of peptidergic neurotransmitters on the polyp formation, we investigated the distribution of several immunoreactive nerve fibers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We obtained normal middle turbinate mucosa, edematous middle turbinate mucosa, polypoid middle turbinate mucosa and nasal polyp tissue from 5 patients at the time of surgery and we determined the distribution of substance P(SP) immunoreactive, vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP) immunoreactive and neuropeptide-Y(NPY) immunoreactive nerve fibers in the above tissues using avidin-biotin complex(ABC) immunohistochemical method. RESULTS: Fine varicose peptidergic nerve fibers were found numerously in normal mucosa and they were decreased in number in the edematous mucosa. However the peptidergic nerve fibers were hardly found in the polypoid mucosa and the pedicle of polyp, and no nerve fibers were found in the apex of polyp except VIP-immunoreactive nerve fibers. CONCLUSION: Decreasing tendency of distribution of these peptidergic nerve fibers in the order of edematous mucosa, polypoid mucosa, and polyp may indicate the denervation of autonomic nervous system. These phenomenon suggests the important role of peptidergic neurotransmitters in the early stage of polyp formation. However, once the polyp has been formed, contribution of the peptidergic neurotransmitters is considered to be negligible.
Arachidonic Acid ; Autonomic Nervous System ; Denervation ; Edema ; Histamine ; Humans ; Mucous Membrane* ; Nasal Polyps* ; Nerve Fibers ; Neuropeptides* ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Polyps ; Serotonin ; Turbinates

The authors, after inducing acute sinusitis in rabbits, compared cases where we opened the natural ostium and a general dose of administered antibiotics and cases where we opened the natural ostium and locally administered dose of antibiotics using polymer, and found that the application of local antibiotics using polymer is the superior of the two in treating sinusitis. To be able to develop a treatment for sinusitis using antibiotics incorporating polymer, we first need to examine the toxicity of polymer. The purpose of this study was to examine the toxicity of polymer through a general toxicity test as well as a special toxicity test in experiments using animals. As a result of this study, we discovered that poly-L-lactic acid (PLA) polymer works as an intraperitoneal foreign body and causes adhesion of viscera, but nethier acute nor subacute toxicity of PLA polymer was detected, and no negative effect on reproductive function was observed. It was also observed to induce neither immune reaction such as hypersensitivity nor local toxicity to the maxillary sinus mucosa of rabbit. We conclude that the results of this study can provide basic information for developing antibiotics-incorporating PLA polymer for the treatment of sinusitis and for clinical experiments involving such antibiotics.
Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Foreign Bodies ; Hypersensitivity ; Maxillary Sinus ; Mucous Membrane ; Polymers* ; Rabbits ; Sinusitis* ; Toxicity Tests ; Viscera