Angiogenesis is an early event in tumorigenesis and facilitates tumor progression and metastasis. This study was performed to evaluate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), phospholipase C-gamma1 (PLC-gamma1) and Ki-67, and to assess the relationship between them in cervical squamous cell neoplasia. The materials were fifty cervical squamous cell lesions, consisted of thirty HSIL (6 moderate dysplasia, 11 severe dysplasia, 13 carcinoma in situ), and twenty invasive squamous cell carcinoma (ISCC) cases. Immunohistochemical stain for VEGF, PLC-gamma1 and Ki-67 were done. Expression rate of VEGF was significantly higher in ISCC than in HSIL (p=0.012). PLC-gamma1 expression was significantly higher in ISCC than in HSIL (p=0.004). Ki-67 labelling index was significantly higher in ISCC than in HSIL (p=0.001) and higher in VEGF-positive tumors than in VEGF-negative tumors (p=0.018), but there were no significant differences between PLC-gamma1 expression and Ki-67 labelling index (p>0.05), and between PLC-gamma1 and VEGF (p>0.05). This study suggests that PLC-gamma1 and VEGF may play an important role in tumor cell proliferation and invasion, and these may be a useful marker to predict the possibility of invasion in cervical cancer.
Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cell Proliferation ; Cervix Uteri* ; Female ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Phospholipases* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A*

The cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor p27Kip1 gene is a powerful molecular determinant of cell cycle progression. Loss of expression of p27Kip1 has recently been shown to be predictive of disease progression in several human malignancies. The prognostic value and expression of p27Kip1 have been incompletely studied in bladder cancer. In this study, we investigated the relationship between p27Kip1 protein expression and clinicopathologic parameters in 50 cases of carcinoma of the urinary bladder by conducting immunohistochemical analysis and DNA flow-cytometry. Malignant bladder tissue demonstrated a heterogeneous pattern of p27Kip1 immunoreactivity. In addition, there was progressive loss of expression with increasing tumor grade. The expression of p27Kip1 protein was unrelated to stage, DNA ploidy and S phase fraction (SPF). SPF was unrelated with tumor grade and DNA ploidy. The results indicate that p27Kip1 is frequently expressed in well differentiated transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder but less often expressed in muscle-invasive transitional cell carcinomas. The expression of p27Kip1 and its prevalence in low-grade tumors may reflect growth regulatory influences and potential inhibiting action in tumor progression and novel predictive markers of the biological potential of bladder tumors.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Cell Cycle ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27* ; Disease Progression ; DNA ; Humans ; Phosphotransferases ; Ploidies ; Prevalence ; S Phase ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder*

Congenital vertical talus is dufficult to correct and tends to recur. Reduction of the deformed talon-avicular joint is rarely possible by conservative means alone and consequently surgical reduction is usually necessary. The technique of Kumar, Cowell and Ramsey(TAL, capsular release, open reduction of navicular, and K-wire fixation) was combined with or without tendon transfer using Tibialis anterior(Grice operation) in 11 feet of seven children(bilateral in four) under the age of four(2 girls and 5 boys), and followed them for average 41 months. Three of them were combined with cerebral palsy, syringomyelia, and multiple joint stiffness with camptodactyly. In preoperative radiograms, all of their tali are so distorted plantarward and medially as to be almost vertical. The talus was in an equinus position also but to a lesser degrees. The forefoot was dorsiflexed at the midtarsal joint and the navicular lay on the dorsal aspect of the talar head. Seven feet are corrected normally after operation, but four feet were recurred and soft tissue releasing techniques combined with extraarticular subtalar arthrodesis or triple arthrodesis were planned after their skeletal maturity.
Arthrodesis ; Cerebral Palsy ; Female ; Foot ; Head ; Humans ; Joint Capsule Release ; Joints ; Syringomyelia ; Talus ; Tendon Transfer

We report a case of an erythrodermic form of mycosis fungoides in a 68-year-old male, who showed generalized erythroderma with scales for 3 months. Lymphadenopathies in the inguinal and neck areas were present. Histopathological findings showed epidermotropism, perivascular atypical lymphocyte infilteration in the upper dermis, and dermatopathic lymphadenopathy in the inguinal lymph node. T cell markers were positively stained in the immunohistochemical study. These clinicopathological features were consistent with an erythrodermic form of mycosis fungoides(TNM IIl). The patient was treated with PUVA therapy and low dose chemotherapy.
Aged ; Dermatitis, Exfoliative ; Dermis ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Mycosis Fungoides* ; Neck ; PUVA Therapy ; Weights and Measures

A button battery inserted in the nose of children is an unusual foreign body which is capable of causing extensive tissue damage, resulting from electrical and chemical burns. We report a case of button battery in the nose of a 4-year-old boy presenting with unilateral nasal discharge, and necrosis in the septum and turbinate of the right nasal cavity. Mercury level in concentrated urine was within normal limit. Microscopic examination disclosed extensive liquefaction necrosis with calcification and fibrosis. Numerous dark brown to black granules were noted in the elastic and collagen fibers and interstitium. Dark-field examination of the section revealed brilliantly refractile granules. Polarized microscopy failed to show the granules. Most brown pigments reacted to prussian blue. Tissue mercury analysis yielded a mercury content of 8.01 ppm. We report this case to emphasize the hazards of button battery impaction and to draw attention to the significance of the problem through histopathologic examination.
Child, Preschool ; Human ; Male ; Nasal Cavity/pathology* ; Nasal Cavity/immunology ; Power Sources/adverse effects*

Mn (manganese) is known to induce Parkinsonian neurological disorder. Several lines of evidence suggest that apoptosis is involved not only in physiological cell death during normal development but also in neurodegenerative disease. The mechanism of Mn induced cell death remains poorly understood. In the present study, we evaluated the morphologic changes and apoptotic profile in basal ganglia using rat model of Mn toxicity. The rats were divided into three groups: the first group was a control; the second group was subdivided by administration dosage of Mn into group A (5, 10 mg MnC12/ kg) and group B (20, 40 mg MnC12/kg). The rats of each subgroup received a injection of Mn via tail vein every week for 4 weeks. The second group received 4 repeated injection of 10 mg MnC12/kg in the same manner and the rats were sacrificed at day 1, 3 & 7 in group I and at day 10, 21, 42, and 90 in group II after the last injection. A significant loss of neuron and gliosis were observed in the basal ganglia in the experimental groups (p<0.05), which were more pronounced in group II than in the control or group I. No significant difference in number of nerve cells or degree of gliosis was identified in the substantia nigra. Apoptotic cells were also increased in basal ganglia of experimental groups and appeared among neurons (10%), glial cells (10%), and endothelial cells (60%). Apoptotic figures were consistently noted through the entire experimental period after Mn injection in basal ganglia. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that Mn-induced cytopathic insult affects various cell types in basal ganglia and shows variable sensitivity in the different regions of brain, especially in the apoptotic cell death of the neuron. The overaccumulation of Mn in the brain might be attributed from the breakdown of blood-brain barrier due to the injury through the apoptosis.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Basal Ganglia* ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; Brain ; Cell Death ; Endothelial Cells ; Gliosis ; Manganese* ; Models, Animal ; Nervous System Diseases ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Neuroglia ; Neurons ; Rats* ; Substantia Nigra ; Veins

BACKGROUND: The anterior spinal artery infarction constitutes a classical syndrome of vascular myelopathy. The causes of the anterior spinal artery syndrome are various, but most episode probably occur as the result of atherosclerosis or dissection of the aorta and its branches. However, few cases reported developed with spinal structural abnormalities. CASE: A 65-year-old man presented with sudden paraparesis. There was no evidence of hypertension, diabetes and smoking. Motor weakness was more prominent on the left side and progressed. Loss of pain and temperature senses were shown at the level of 71 with preservation of touch, joint perception and vibration senses. The DTR's of legs were depressed and extensor toe signs were presented. A C-spine MRI showed high signal intensity on 72 weighted image and low signal on 71 weighted image(C6-71) with cervical spinal stenosis at the C4-C7 spinal level and mild cervical disc protrusion (C6-C7, C7-T1). After three months later, follow up cervical MRI showed somewhat decreased size of high signal intensity on 72 weighted image and more prominent low signal on 71 image. DISCUSSION: In our case, we could not find any usual cause of anterior spinal artery infarction. However only cervical spinal stenosis associated with mild cervical disc protrusion was present. In stenotic cervical canal, the anterior spinal artery can be more vulnerable to extrinsic compression and the infarction may early develop with insignificant trigger event, such as disc protrusion. We concluded that the ischemic change of anterior two thirds of cervical spinal cord might develop due to the compression of the anterior spinal artery by cervical stenosis and mild cervical intervertebral disc protrusion.
Aged ; Anterior Spinal Artery Syndrome* ; Aorta ; Arteries ; Atherosclerosis ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Infarction ; Intervertebral Disc ; Joints ; Leg ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Paraparesis ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Spinal Cord ; Spinal Cord Diseases ; Spinal Stenosis* ; Toes ; Vibration

No abstract available.
Animals ; Macrophages* ; Mice*

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to identify the risky behavior subtypes in adolescents with depression, and the relationship between those subtypes and suicide attempt. METHODS: Ninety adolescents who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-4th edition criteria for major depressive disorder, dysthymia, or depressive disorder not otherwise specified participated in the study. Participants were interviewed about suicidal attempts, non-suicidal self-injuries. Smoking, drinking behaviors, and searching for the word "suicide" on the internet, negative life events including bulling-bullied experiences, and history of abuse were also included with questionnaires. RESULTS: The results of cluster analysis showed that four risky behaviors were divided into three clusters : non-risky type, characterized by few risky behaviors ; delinquency type, which was characterized by smoking and drinking ; non-suicidal self-injury type. In non-suicidal self-injury type, percentage of girls was higher and clinical symptoms were more severe than delinquency type. In addition, delinquency type members could be a bully, while non-suicidal self-injury type members could be abused by a family member. Logistic regression analysis showed that both risky behavior subtypes were significant predictors of suicide attempt. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that two types of risky behaviors of depressed adolescents have an effect on the suicide attempts independently. Then, the implications and limitations of the study were discussed and directions for future studies were suggested.
Adolescent* ; Depression* ; Depressive Disorder ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; Drinking ; Drinking Behavior ; Female ; Humans ; Internet ; Logistic Models ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Suicide*

Transfonning growth factor-beta (TGP-beta) is a multipotent growth factor affecting development, homeostasis, and tissue repair. We evaluate the significance of the expression of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 and correlation with prognostic factors in prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In order to investigate the expression of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2, we analyzed Immunohistochemical staining from paraffin blocks of 22 cases of the prostate carcinoma and adjacent normal prostate. RESULTS: The expressions of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 were noted in the cytoplasm of tumor cells, normal epithelial cells and stroma. The staining intensity and areas were examined and scored from 0 to 5. The TGF-beta1 staining scores of the tumor cells were higher than that of the adjacent normal epithelial cells (p=0.001). The TGF-beta2 staining scores of the tumor cells were also higher than that of the adjacent normal epithelial cells (p=0.003). However, there were no correlation between tumor surrounding stroma and normal stroma in TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 staining scores. The serum PSA level, the clinical stage, the Gleason score and the lymph node metastasis of the tumor did not correlated with the staining score of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the prostatic cancer was associated with alteration of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 expression by prostatic epithelial cells which play a role in prostatic carcinogenesis.
Carcinogenesis ; Cytoplasm ; Epithelial Cells ; Homeostasis ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Grading ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Paraffin ; Prostate ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1* ; Transforming Growth Factor beta2*