As the aging of the foot progresses, the stiffness of the soft tissues, the reduction of the range of motion, the decrease of the muscle strength, and the flattening of foot are manifested. These changes increase the risk of foot pain, the problem of weight distribution and transmission, and the risk of falls, resulting in secondary complications and lowering quality of life. The most common deformities and diseases of the elderly foot are hallux valgus, hammertoes, hallux rigidus, Achilles tendinitis, plantar fasciitis, metatarsalgia, hyperkeratosis, and other deformities of the feet caused by chronic conditions. Systemic diseases that promote these foot problems include diabetes, peripheral nerve damage, repetitive ankle ligament injuries, deformities due to fractures, and obesity. Understanding the mechanisms of aging and the processing of biomechanics in the elderly will enable them to reach a healthy life through appropriate rehabilitation, exercise and educations during aging. In addition, it is necessary to promote the healthy life in elderly by customized exercise, training, and shoes.
Accidental Falls ; Aged ; Aging ; Ankle ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Fasciitis, Plantar ; Flatfoot ; Foot Diseases ; Foot ; Hallux Rigidus ; Hallux Valgus ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Metatarsalgia ; Muscle Strength ; Obesity ; Peripheral Nerves ; Quality of Life ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Rehabilitation ; Shoes ; Tendinopathy