With increasing concern for the study of the fetal aspects of pregnancy and child-birth the availability of normal standards becomes more and more important. It is very difficult to test the functional capacity of the placenta, and for this reason anatomic studies to determine the normal relationship between the placenta and the newborn infant have come to be of considerable importance. Three hundred seventy eight placentas randomly collected in the past three years and ranged of the twenty-fourth gestation week to term which were delivered at Severance Hospital of Yonsei Medical College. These were analysed statistically as to whether there was any correlation between the size of the placentas, weight of newborn, and age and parity of the mother and were studied to see if there was any clinical and statistical significance in the change of the placental coefficients. We have also tried to search for any relationship between the specific gravity and the size of the placenta and the newborn weight. In addition to these factors, clinical complications such as toxemia, anemia, intrauterine fetal death, giant baby and infarction of the placentas were included in this study to seek any relationship with the above mentioned factors. Another purpose was to obtain the proper values for Korean placentas. We have summarized this study briefly as follows. 1. The average weight of the 378 newborns was 3l68 gm and for the 340 normal cases it was 3270 gm. 2. The average weight of 378 placentas was 6l6 gm and for the 340 normal cases it was 621 gm. 3. The average volume of 378 placentas was 588 cc and for normal cases it was 596 cc. 4. The average placental dimensions were 17.9 X 14.2cm. 5. The average surface area of the 340 norma1 cases was 276 cm2. 6. The specific gravity of 340 normal cases was 1.0475 and there was no relationship to the gestation weeks and baby weight. 7. The average placental coefficient of 378 cases was 0.194 and for 340 normal cases it was 0.190 (varying from 0.100 to 0.333). The placental coefficients were greater in toxemia syphilis, intrauterine fetal death, prematurity twin pregnancy and immaturity. However it was lower in placental infarction and in relatively small placentas. In anemia and giant baby it was close to the normal average but in extremely large baby placenta coefficients was greater than Normal averages. (Baby wt. > 4500gm. ). 8. The weight of baby and the size of the placenta showed no demonstrable relationship to the age and parity of the mother. 9. statistically there was a high correlation between the weight of the infants and the weigh of the infants and the weight and volume of the placenta but somewhat low relationship to the surface area of the placenta.
Age Factors ; Anemia/pathology ; Birth Weight* ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Human ; Infant, Newborn ; Organ Weight ; Parity ; Placenta/anatomy & histology* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications/pathology ; Sex Factors ; Specific Gravity

Herniation of coil loops into the parent artery is one of the complications of endovascular embolization with detachable coils. In this clinical setting, we cannot predict the consequence of the herniated coil loop. We report an unusual case of a superior cerebellar artery (SCA) aneurysm with delayed coil herniation into the basilar artery and spontaneous reposition into the SCA.
Aneurysm ; Arteries ; Basilar Artery ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Parents

The accuracy of Kato's self smear Kit was studied in screening a relatively unselected population group for cervical cancer. Routine cervicovaginal smears taken periodically would be the ideal method but would be unrealistic in view of the physician's time involved when considered on a large population scale. Three hundred patients were randomly selected at the Out Patient Clinic of Yonsei Medical Center and 26 cases grossly of cervical cancer were included in this group. We have here summarized the results briefly as follows. 1. Among 300 women examined in our OPD, 256 (85.3%) were classified as Pap. Class I or II, 9(0.3%) as a 'Defferred' group (Class II, Repeat), 18(6%) as Class III and 17(5.7%) as Class IV or V. 2. Fifteen of the total cases had insufficient material for evaluation (poor quality) and the major causes of the poor smears were vaginal douche within 24 hours, technical problems and cell degeneration. 3. The rate of agreement between the Self Smear Kit and cervicovaginal smear was as follows: a. The rate of complete agreement was 93.2% (280/300) b. The rate of complete or partial agreement was 96.7% (290/300). 4. The diagnostic accuracy of the Self Smear Kit was as follows: a. If we assumed the 'Deferred' group to be detection failures for uterine cancer, the diagnostic accuracy would be 82.4%. b. If we assumed the 'Deferred' group to be detection successes, the diagnostic accuracy would be 94.1%. 5. The quality of self smears was superior when taken by an aid nurse rather than by the patient herself. 6. Optimal time for good preservation with the Self Smear Kit prior to pap. stain under the following temperatures was proven experimentally to be as follows; a. At 5 degrees C: 3 days after smear b. At 15 degrees C: 3 days after smear c. At 30 degrees C: 2 days after smear
Adult ; Cervix Neoplasms/prevention & control* ; Female ; Human ; Mass Screening/methods* ; Middle Age ; Vaginal Smears/instrumentation ; Vaginal Smears/methods*

Range of Motion, Articular*

Dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) of anterior cranial fossa is a rare entity. The authors report a 57 year-old man presented with retro-orbital headache caused by a large hematoma in the right frontal lobe. Angiography demonstrated a DAVF of anterior cranial fossa fed by branches of middle meningeal and anterior ethmoidal artery. Endovascular therapy using N-butyl cyanoacrylate was tried, however, was failed to occlude the fistula. After than, the lesion was successfully obliterated by surgical means. The therapeutic roles and pitfalls of endovascular treatment and surgical treatment for the anterior fossa DAVF are discussed.
Angiography ; Arteries ; Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations* ; Cranial Fossa, Anterior* ; Cyanoacrylates ; Fistula ; Frontal Lobe ; Headache ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Middle Aged

It is known that intraocular pressure (IOP)decreases in two thirds of rheg-matogenous retinal detachment.We experienced a case of Schwartz's syndrome in a thirty-one year old male patient, who had been suffering from open angle glaucoma, anterior uveitis and retinal detachment.His vision fluctuated, improving with high IOP and decreasing with low IOP when the retina was detached.Following the retinal reattachment surgery, IOP increased and was not controlled with maximal tolerated medical therapy.Molteno tube was implanted.To our knowledge, a case of Schwartz's syndrome has not been reported in Korea.
Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Korea ; Male ; Retina ; Retinaldehyde ; Uveitis, Anterior

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma(MFH) is a rare primary neoplasm that constitutes less than 1% of the malignant tumors of bone, and involvement of the skull is very rare. We present a case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the skull, presenting an intraosseous lesion in a 43-yr-old woman. She had a rapidly growing, tender mass in the right parietal region. A plain radiograph showed an osteolytic lesion of the right parietal bone. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the lesion showed heterogeneous low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and slightly high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. No evidence of an extraosseous extension to the adjacent dura and soft tissue was found, and a wide excision of the parietal bone was performed. Histologically, the tumor was a typical MFH displaying pleomorphic spindle cells in a storiform pattern. The results of immunohistochemical stainings revealed that the tumor cells were positive for vimentin, alpha-1-antitryp-sin, and p53, and negative for smooth muscle actin, S100 protein, desmin, and MyoD1. Three months later, a mainly cystic, recurrent mass was developed at the previously operated site. Before the resection, we first performed the percutaneous aspiration cytology, revealing diagnostic multinucleated pleomorphic cells. There-after, she had to receive repetitive resections of recurrent or residual lesions, and she died of postoperative meningoencephalitis two years after the first operation.
Actins/biosynthesis ; Adult ; Brain/pathology ; Desmin/biosynthesis ; Female ; Giant Cells/metabolism ; Histiocytoma, Fibrous/*diagnosis ; Human ; Immunohistochemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mitosis ; Muscle, Smooth/metabolism ; MyoD Protein/biosynthesis ; Protein p53/biosynthesis ; S100 Proteins/biosynthesis ; Skull Neoplasms/*diagnosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vimentin/biosynthesis ; alpha 1-Antitrypsin/biosynthesis

To investigate effect of fatigue and anticipation on lower extremity joint load during a side-cutting maneuver in female collegiate soccer players, thirteen female collegiate soccer players whose right leg dominant participated in this study. Three dimensional motion analysis system and a force plate were used to record the 45degrees side cutting maneuver. In the first, anticipated and unanticipated cutting were measured in the pre-fatigue condition. Second, participations performed the fatigue protocol by the squat exercise with weight lifting. And then, two different type of cutting task were measured again after fatigue condition. The cutting direction let known before start their running in case of the anticipated cutting, the random signal of cutting direction were presented in the unanticipated condition. In the results, the most influential variable was anticipation factor. Lower limb angles represented significantly flexed posture during unanticipated cutting than anticipated condition. Maximum knee flexion moment represented significantly higher in unanticipated cutting than anticipated cutting. Adduction and internal rotation moment of lower limb joint decreased in unanticipated cutting. Fatigue factor was influenced by the initial contact angles of the ankle joint. Lower limb angles at the initial ground contact indicated more erect posture in post-fatigue condition. The unanticipation factor had more effect on locomotors ability of lower limb in this study. Therefore, the sensory-motor training to adapt to unanticipated situation should be considered for the injury prevention training program.
Ankle Joint ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Fatigue ; Female ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee ; Leg ; Linear Energy Transfer ; Lower Extremity ; Posture ; Running ; Soccer ; Weight Lifting

Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is one of the most devastating ophthalmic emergencies, causing acute painless visual loss in the affected eye. We describe the first case of acute non-arteritic CRAO associated with peripheral ophthalmic artery aneurysm and its clinical course after intra-arterial thrombolysis therapy. This case suggests that ophthalmic artery aneurysm can be the cause of CRAO and should be included in the differential diagnosis of CRAO.
Aneurysm/*complications/diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Fibrinolytic Agents/*therapeutic use ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; *Ophthalmic Artery ; Retinal Artery Occlusion/diagnosis/drug therapy/*etiology ; Thrombolytic Therapy ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Visual Acuity

Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) causes severe visual loss in affected eye and vision does not recover in more than 90% of the patients. It is believed that it occurs by occlusion of the central retinal artery with small emboli from atherosclerotic plaque of internal cerebral artery. Retina is a part of the brain, thus basically CRAO is corresponding to acute occlusion of intracerebral artery and retinal ischemia is to cerebral stroke. Therefore, intra-arterial thrombolysis (IAT) has been considered as a treatment method in CRAO. Recently, we treated 2 patients diagnosed as CRAO and could achieve complete recanalization on fundus fluorescein angiogram with IAT. Of them, one recovered visual acuity to 20/25. We report our 2 CRAO cases treated with IAT and discuss technical aspects for IAT and management of patient. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first Korean report of IAT for CRAO.