OBJECTIVES: Anticardiolipin antibody (ACA) and lupus anticoagulant (LA) are acquired antiphospholipid antibodies (APAs), which are regarded as important risk factors far vascular thrombosis and recurrent fetal loss. Although the clinical relevance of APAs in dialysis patients is uncertain, recent studies have suggested that APAs are involved in bioincompatibility and thrombogenic complications in hemadialysis (HD) patients. METHOD: We performed a cross sectional study of ACA and LA in 50 stable HD patients and their 68 vascular accesses (52 native arteriovenous fistulae and 16 synthetic arterovenous grafts), with the analysis of factors associated with the presence of APAs and the retrospective evaluation of vascular access occlusion (VAO). LA was assessed by platelet neutralization method whereas IgG-ACA was measured by a solid phase ELISA. Values higher than 23GPLU/ml (IgG phospholipid units) were considered to be positive for IgG-ACA and positive values for LA was more than 8 seconds in prolongation of the clotting time with human platelet lysate. Vascular access survival was assessed by Kaplan- Meier method, RESULTS: The mean age of the subject (M:F 21:29) was 46 years and the mean duration of hemodialysis was 49 months. The frequency of VAO in entire subjects was 0.45+/-0.98 episodes/patient year. The median value of IgG-ACA was 16.0 GPLU/ml with a distribution from 2.7 to 46.1GPLU/ ml. The median titer of I.A was 4.5 (3.1-45.6) seconds. Fourteen patients (28%) were found to have at least one episode of VAO. In spite of comparable clinical and biochemical data according to the presence of VAO, the titers of IgG-ACA (13.6+/-7.7 vs, 20.3+/-8.7GPLIJ/ml, P<0.05) and LA (4.5+/-2.9 vs. 11.7 +/-12.6sec, P<0.05) were significantly higher in VAO group. Six out of 50 patients(12%) had an increased titer of IgG-ACA and LA was found in 11 patients(22%). No patients were positive for ACA and LA simultaneously. There was no significant difference in sex, etiology of ESRD, diabetic status, the dosage of heparin during HD or the amount of erythropoietin administered according to the presence of APAs. We could not find any significant correlation between the titer of APAs and age, duration of dialysis, blood pressure, platelet count and biochemical parameters. In the patients with positive ACA, the frequency of VAO was 1.05+/-0.12 episodes/patient year, which was significantly higher than patients without ACA (0.33+/-0.17 episodes/ patient year, P<0.05). In the patients with the presence of LA(1.06+/-0.43 vs. 0.12+/-0.06 episodes/ patients year, P<0.01). The median vascular access survival time in IgG-ACA positive patients (32.7 months) was significantly decreased compared to 66.8 months in IgG-ACA negative group. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the presence of APAs (ACA and/or LA) affects the event-free vascular access survival in HD patients. Therefore the evaluation of APAs status have to be included in the diagnostic strategies for the patients with recurrent VAO. Further studies are necessary to explore the pharmacologic intervention method to decrease APAs and prevent VAO in HD patients.
Antibodies, Anticardiolipin* ; Antibodies, Antiphospholipid ; Arteriovenous Fistula ; Blood Platelets ; Blood Pressure ; Dialysis ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Erythropoietin ; Heparin ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor* ; Platelet Count ; Renal Dialysis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Thrombosis

No abstract available.
Choriocarcinoma* ; Female ; Pregnancy

No abstract available.
Rhinoplasty*

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the Caspase 3 and p21 expression level and to understand the correlation between Caspase 3 expression and the clinical factors in renal cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-two patients with renal cell carcinoma were enrolled in this study. Immunohistochemical staining of Caspase 3 and p21 was performed in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections using rabbit polyclonal antibody (Caspase 3) and mouse antibody (p21). The Caspase 3 and p21 expression levels were compared with the TNM stage, Fuhrman grade, pathological type and survival rates. RESULTS: The Caspase 3 expression level correlated only with the Fuhrman grade (p=0.017). There was no significant correlation between the Caspase 3 and p21 expression level. The prognostic values did not correlate with the Caspase 3 and p21 expression level. CONCLUSIONS: The prognostic value of the Caspase 3 expression level in renal cell carcinoma was insufficient. The relationship between Caspase 3 and p21 was not proven in renal cell carcinoma, and new factors may be implicated with Caspase 3.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Caspase 3* ; Humans ; Mice ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the prognostic differences in invasive cancer that progressed from a superficial transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) compared to an already invasive TCC at the time of the initial presentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-one patients who had a radical cystectomy performed for an invasive TCC were enrolled in this study. They were divided into two groups. In the first group, the patients were diagnosed as a superficial TCC at initially, which progressed to an invasive tumor. The second group consisted of patients who were diagnosed with invasive TCC at the time of the initial diagnosis. Two groups were compared with regard to the TNM stage, Ash grade, presence of accompanying carcinoma in-situ and survival rate. RESULTS: The group with invasive cancer at the time of the initial presentation had a significantly higher grade than the progressed group. The five-year survival rate was lower in the progressed group. Moreover, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed it was statistically significant (p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The grade was higher and the five-year survival rate was lower in the group with invasive cancer at the time of the initial presentation. Therefore, the invasive TCC at the initial diagnosis might take a more aggressive nature than the progressed group.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Cystectomy ; Diagnosis* ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

Microscopic calcification within the basal ganglia was reported by Virchow and Bamberger in 1855. The description of symmetrical cerebral calcification, particularly of the basal ganglia and often of the dentate nuclei, associated with hypoparathyrodism as related by Eaton, Camp and Love(1939) was a significant development in the field of calcification. Calcification of the basal ganglia has been visualized by skull radiography and computed tomography(CT) scan, and in two-third of cases, it has been associated with metabolic and endocrine abnormalities. Computed tomography is more sensitive to detect the intracranial calcification than plain skull radiography. The purpose of our report was evaluate the significance of basal ganglia calcification as visualized by CT, discusses on pathogensis of calcification, clinical significance and management under the hypocalemia.
Basal Ganglia* ; Hypoparathyroidism* ; Radiography ; Skull

PURPOSE: This study was performed to evaluate the contribution of appendiceal computed tomography (CT) in the more accurate diagnosis of acute appendicitis and decrease in the rate of negative appendectomies. METHODS: Between May and August 2005, 146 patients with right lower quadrant (RLQ) abdominal pain and tenderness were diagnosed using appendiceal CT. The appendiceal CT scans were performed with contrast media in the abdominal and pelvic areas. 7 mm slice scans were taken both before and after the contrast media injection, with a time delay. The control group was comprised of 99 patients, who were also checked by abdominal CT or ultrasonography, between December 2004 and April 2005, with the data analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: In the study group, 85 of the 146 cases were diagnosed with acute appendicitis on appendiceal CT, and had undergone an appendectomy, including 42 men (mean age 39.9 yr) and 43 women (mean age 44.6 yr). The sensitivity and specificity of appendiceal CT in acute appendicitis were 95.3 and 98.4%, respectively. There were 4 (4.7%) negative appendectomy cases; 2 in men and 2 in women. The control group conprised of 47 men and 52 women. There were 13 (13.1%) negative appendectomy cases; 4 in men and 9 in women. CONCLUSION: The routine use of appendiceal CT, in patients with RLQ abdominal pain and tenderness, resulted in a significant decrease in the negative appendectomy rate.
Abdominal Pain ; Appendectomy ; Appendicitis* ; Contrast Media ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography

A small capacity, poor compliant neurogenic bladder is a difficult problem in children. Bladder augmentation with intermittent catheterization offers an alternative to indwelling catheterization. Ileum, cecum, and sigmoid colon have been most commonly used for enterocystoplasty but may, however, cause hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. The use of the stomach to create urinary reservoir has several theoretical and real advantages. Electrolyte reabsorption is diminished which makes the stomach the selected reservoir. Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis would not be a problem. In fact, in addition to presenting a barrier against the absorption of chloride and ammonium, the gastric mucosa secretes chloride ions. Gastric segment was isolated with right gastroepiploic artery as a pedicle. Bladder was opened vertically and augmented with gastric segment. This case had increased bladder volume and the dilatation of upper urinary tract decreased in size, including loss of VUR. Laboratory examination showed no metabolic derangement in blood gas analysis and electrolytes. We did not encounter any troubles in CIC such as the obstruction caused by mucus produced by gastric segment. Also, in patients in whom shortening of the bowel may be expected to lead to variable degrees of malabsorption, stomach is an attractive alternative. So, gastrocystoplasty is a reliable method of a creating a large and compliant urinary reservoir. We report a case of augmentation gastrocystoplasty in the treatment of spastic neurogenic bladder in a 6-year-old female.
Absorption ; Acidosis ; Ammonium Compounds ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Catheters, Indwelling ; Cecum ; Child* ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Dilatation ; Electrolytes ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa ; Gastroepiploic Artery ; Humans ; Ileum ; Ions ; Mucus ; Muscle Spasticity* ; Stomach ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic* ; Urinary Tract

Primary lymphoma of the kidney is rare, and in most cases is attributable to lymphomatous renal infilitration of systemic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or an extension from an adjacent site of the disease. Since the renal parenchyma is not a lymphoid organ, the mechanism by which renal lymphoma occur remains poorly understood. We report here a case of primary bilateral B-cell renal lymphoma in 26-year-old man who was treated successfully with combination chemotherapy.
Adult ; B-Lymphocytes* ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Humans ; Kidney ; Lymphoma* ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin

BACKGROUND: Hemiarthroplasty is a common operation to treat femoral neck fracture in elderly patients. The choice of whether to use cemented stem or cementless stem in hemiarthroplasty has been controversial in clinical practice. However, recent trends regarding stem choice in South Korea are not known or documented. In this study, we assessed the trends of stem fixation in hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fractures in South Korea. METHODS: Data of patients with femoral neck fractures, who were operated on between the years of 2007 and 2011 and were > or = 50 years old at the time of operation, were obtained from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. All new visits or admissions to clinics or hospitals for femoral neck fractures were identified using the International Classification of Disease Tenth Revision diagnostic code (S720). The trends in the utilization of cemented and cementless hemiarthroplasty were then analyzed. RESULTS: The proportion of cementless hemiarthroplasty increased from 42.7% of all surgical procedures in 2007 to 61.4% of all surgical procedures in 2011 (p < 0.001), while the use of cemented hemiarthroplasty demonstrated a corresponding decrease. CONCLUSIONS: There was a current trends towards using cementless stems in hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fractures in South Korea.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Cements ; Cementation/*trends ; Female ; Femoral Neck Fractures/*surgery ; *Hemiarthroplasty/methods/trends ; Hip Prosthesis/*trends/utilization ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology