Cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis is a commonly encountered disease, expecially in adults, Differentiation from other lymphadenopathy and benign conditions such as cystic neck masses is important. CT findings of tuberculous lymphadenopathy in the abdomen and thorax are reported in many literatures. But there are only a few articles concerning cervical tuberculous lymphadenopathy. The authors retrospectively analyzed CT findings of 33 cases with cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis regarding distribution, contour, enhancing pattern, changes of adjacent fascial plane, and dermal and subcutaneous manifestations. We concluded that the presence of conglomerated nodal masses with central lucency, thick irregular rim of contrast enhancement and inner nodularity, varying degree of homogenous enhancement in smaller nodes, dermal and subcutaneous manifestations of inflammation such as thickening of overlying skin, engorgement of the lymphatic and thickening of adjacent muscles, and diffusely effaced fascial plane are suggestive of tuberculous lymphadenitis. However, some CT patterns of tuberculous adenitis may be seen in other disease; for example, enhancement can occur in hyperplastic nodes, vascular metastasis(thyroid, melanoma, and hypernephroma), lymphoma, granulomatous disease, and Castleman's disease.
Abdomen ; Adult ; Giant Lymph Node Hyperplasia ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Lymphadenitis ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Lymphoma ; Melanoma ; Muscles ; Neck ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis, Lymph Node* ; Yemen

Amblyopia and strabismus are common in eyes of prematurity and the need for early detection of amblyopia and amblyogenic factors is widely recognized. So, we performed refraction in premature infants at the 6 months of age to evaluate the incidence and degree of myopia and the changes of refractive errors according to the development, disease course and photocoagulation therapy of retinopathy of prematurity[ROP]. It is the purpose of this study to evaluate the effectiveness of MTI[medical Technology, Inc]photoscreener by comparing the sensitivity and specificity between refractive errors determined by manifest photorefraction and cycloplegic photorefraction in 6-month-old premature infants in Sung-Ae General Hospital. Pass or fail screening data from photograph of 32 non-dilated and dilated premature infant were calculated by two masked observers, compared with the results of cycloplegic retinoscopy, and the statical analysis was carried out. In the cases of cycloplegic photorefraction, Ten eyes of myopia, 4 eyes of emetropia, and 50 eyes of hyperopia were found, and 21 eyes of astigmatism above 1.5D were also detected. Overall statistical analysis of sensitivity and specificity rate were 71.7% and 69.5%in manifest photorefraction, 87.5% and of 75%in cycloplegic photorefraction, respectively. In non-cycloplegic photorefraction, sensitivity of myopia and hyperopia were 92.8%, 65%, but in cycloplegic photorefraction, sensitivity of myopia and hyperopia were 75%, 100%, respectively. The outcomes of our study suggest that MTI photoscreener in cycloplegic photorefraction was more reliable than non-cycloplegic photorefraction. Myopia under 1D turned to hyperopia in cycloplegic photorefraction, so the sensitivity of that was not to be reliable, but the sensitivity of hyperopia was high. Thus, the authors can readily recommand this cycloplegic photorefraction in uncooperable infants to evalute the refractive error conveniently.
Amblyopia ; Astigmatism ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Light Coagulation ; Masks ; Mass Screening ; Myopia ; Refractive Errors ; Retinoscopy ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Strabismus

No abstract available.
Myopathy, Central Core*

No abstract available.
Cervix Uteri* ; Extracellular Fluid* ; Female ; Humans

In the summer of 1969 from July through October, authors carried out a study of susceptibility in adult female bed bug(Cimex lectularius) in order to ascertain any development of resistance to insecticides in Korea. The test to DDT and Dieldrin was performed in laboratory by the continuous exposure of residues method, with standard impregnated paper used for adult mosqitoes. Some results so far obtained can be summarised as follows: LC(50) were 2.839% in DDT and 0.167% in Dieldrin. The resistance has been arisen 2.4-2.9 times in DDT and 1.6-2.4 times in Dieldrin as compared with London laboratory strain, but they were susceptible 1.4 times in DDT and 180 times in Dieldrin as compared to Israel resistance strain.
parasitology-arthropodology-bed bug-Cimex lectularius ; prevention ; chemotherapy ; resistance ; DDT ; dieldrin

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the compatability of high school students' desks and chairs to the fittness of their physique, to examine the factors related the posture and pain while they use the classroom desks and chairs, and to analyze the curvature of spine in sitting position. METHOD: Measurements of the dimensions of desks and chairs and a written survey to question students' habits regarding to the usage of classroom desks and chairs along with the physical examinations of spine including the analysis of spine curvature in sitting position with an electrogoniometer. RESULTS: Seven hundred forty nine among 831 male students, and 1,017 among 1,074 female students, complained of discomforts associated with the usage of classroom desks and chiairs. An examination of spine in sitting position using an electrogoniometer showed that both male and female subjects displayed the spine curvatures in the order of thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, and scoliosis. All subjects displayed pain in the order of low back(38.8%), posterior neck(23.9%), shoulder and elbow joints(15.8%), and buttock(15.7%). CONCLUSION: The study revealed an urgent need for the adaptation of classroom desks and chairs according to the growing physique of the adolescents. A majority of the teenaged subjects experienced the discomfort from the use of improper funiture and a poor posture. Authors highly recommend a formal education to the students regarding the importance of proper posture and the usage of adjustable desks and chairs.
Adolescent* ; Animals ; Education ; Elbow ; Female ; Humans ; Kyphosis ; Lordosis ; Male ; Physical Examination ; Posture ; Scoliosis ; Shoulder ; Spine

BACKGROUND: In a previous study, we have shown that quinolones, antibiotics inhibiting topoisomerases, improve survival of tumor cells under hypoxic conditions. In this study, we tested whether antitumor agents such as doxorubicin that inhibit topoisomerases can also improve survival of tumor cells under hypoxic conditions. METHODS: Human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) were grown in 4 mL of the culture medium at 2.5x10(5) cells/60 mm culture dish under normoxic conditions for 2 days before being transferred to fresh culture medium with different concentrations of doxorubicin or other antitumor agents under normoxic or hypoxic (1% oxygen concentration in air) conditions. Cell viability and the concentration of glucose and lactic acid in the medium were measured during cell culture. At the same time, the cells in the 60 mm dishes were lysed, and chromosomal DNA was isolated and loaded onto a 1.5% agarose gel for the DNA fragmentation assay. RESULTS: Doxorubicin inhibited cell growth under normoxic condition in a concentration-dependent manner for the 0~100 microgram/mL concentration range. However, doxorubicin improved cell viability under hypoxic conditions for a 0.1~10 microgram/mL concentration range by inhibiting apoptosis. Similar phenomena were observed for other antitumor agents that inhibit topoisomerases. CONCLUSIONS: Solid tumors usually have hypoxic regions in the tumor, under which conditions antitumor agents that inhibit topoisomerases may function to delay tumor cell death. This can reduce the efficacy of the antitumor agents.
Anoxia ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antineoplastic Agents* ; Apoptosis ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Death ; Cell Survival ; DNA ; DNA Fragmentation ; Doxorubicin ; Glucose ; Humans* ; Lactic Acid ; Oxygen ; Quinolones ; Sepharose

The pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is unclear, but viral infections have been proposed as a potential trigger in patients with genetic predisposition. We report a case of AIH following acute hepatitis A (AHA). A 57-year-old woman presented with fatigue and pitting edema for last 3 months. She had been diagnosed as an AHA 15 months ago based on clinical features, biochemical tests and positive HAV IgM antibody at a local clinic. Her biochemical tests was normalized one month after AHA diagnosis, but the serum levels of aminotransferase started to rise four months after AHA diagnosis. Antinuclear antibody was positive at a titer of 1:40, and anti-smooth muscle antibody was also positive. Hypergammaglobulinemia and liver pathology were typical for AIH. The patients had a score of 17 according to the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group's system. She was given prednisolone and azathioprine and showed complete response to immunosuppressive therapy. The present case is the first report on AIH triggered by AHA in Korea.
Acute Disease ; Alanine Transaminase/blood ; Antibodies, Antinuclear/analysis ; Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood ; Autoantibodies/analysis ; Azathioprine/therapeutic use ; Female ; Hepatitis A/complications/*drug therapy ; Hepatitis, Autoimmune/*diagnosis/drug therapy/etiology ; Humans ; Hypergammaglobulinemia/diagnosis ; Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use ; Liver/pathology ; Middle Aged ; Prednisolone/therapeutic use

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The clinical outcome of patients with a partial virological response (PVR) to entecavir (ETV), in particular nucloes(t)ide analogue (NA)-experienced patients, has not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of the present study was to assess long-term outcomes in NA-naive and NA-experienced chronic hepatitis B patients with a PVR to ETV. METHODS: Chronic hepatitis B patients treated with ETV (0.5 mg/day) for at least 1 year were enrolled retrospectively. PVR was defined as a decrease in hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA titer of more than 2 log10 IU/mL, yet with residual serum HBV DNA, as determined by real time-polymerase chain reaction, at week 48 of ETV therapy. RESULTS: A total of 202 patients (127 NA-naive and 75 NA-experienced, male 70.8%, antigen positive 53.2%, baseline serum HBV DNA 6.2 +/- 1.5 log10 IU/mL) were analyzed. Twenty-eight patients demonstrated a PVR. The PVR was associated with a high serum HBV DNA titer at baseline and at week 24. Virological response (< 60 IU/mL) was achieved in 46.2%, 61.5%, 77.6%, and 85% of patients with PVR at week 72, 96, 144, and 192, respectively. Resistance to antivirals developed in two NA-experienced patients. Failure of virological response (VR) in patients with PVR was associated with high levels of serum HBV DNA at week 48. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with PVR to ETV had favorable long-term virological outcomes. The low serum level of HBV DNA (< 200 IU/mL) at week 48 was associated with subsequent development of a VR in patients with PVR to ETV.
Adult ; Antiviral Agents/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Biomarkers/blood ; DNA, Viral/blood ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; Female ; Guanine/adverse effects/*analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use ; Hepatitis B virus/*drug effects/genetics/growth & development ; Hepatitis B, Chronic/diagnosis/*drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome ; Viral Load

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the preliminary treatment results of fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) for metastatic brain tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between August 1997 and December 1998, frameless FSRT was performed in 11 patients with metastatic brain tumor (1S lesions). Primary sites were lung in 7 patients, breast in 2, stomach in 1, and malignant melanoma in 1, All patients received 30-36 Gy/10-20 fx external beam irradiation to whole brain. Eight patients received FSRT for 1 lesion, one for 2 lesions, and two for 4 lesions. Fractionation schedule was 25 Gy/5 fx in 11 lesions, 18 Gy(1 fx in 3, 30 Gy/5 fx in 2, 15 Gy/5 fx in 1. Mean tumor volume was 7.0 cc (0.39~55.23 cc). Multiple-arc FSRT was delivered to 16 lesions and conformal FSRT through irregular ports shaped to tumor profile to 2 lesions. RESULTS: No patient experienced any acute side reaction from FSRT. Follow-up radiologic evaluation was available in 9 patients. Six of nine patients achieved the complete response, but two showed the partial response and one showed no response on follow-up radiologic studies. Among six patients with complete response, 5 patients survived from 5 to 15 months and showed no evidence of metastatic brain d#isease clinically and/or radiologically at last follow-up. Among two patients who did not have radiologic evaluation, one showed clinically complete response until death and the other died just after FSRT caused by intercurrent disease. One patient with no response radiologically survived 7 months and showed nearly complete disappearance of clinical symptom with stable status radiologically, CONCLUSION: Initial experience in this study suggests that the external beam irradiation to whole brain with 30 Gy/10 fx followed by FSRT with 20~30 Gy/5~6 fx could be the good treatment option to the patients with metastatic brain tumor. This study suggests that the fractionation schedule for FSRT should be determined in consideration of performance status, number of metastasis, tumor volume, location, presence of extracranial disease, and age.
Appointments and Schedules ; Brain Neoplasms* ; Brain* ; Breast ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lung ; Melanoma ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Radiotherapy* ; Stomach ; Tumor Burden