Between May, 1984 and October, 1986, twenty patients were treated at Han-Ra Hospital of JejuCity and Chung-Ang University Hospital of Seoul with immediate internal fixation with or without bone graft of open fractures of the long bones within three days. Fractured bones were ten tibiae, six femurs, three humeri and one radius and ulna. The injuries were classified on the basis of extent of soft tissue injury as defined by Gustilo and Anderson and consisted of four TypeI injuries, five Type II injuries and eleven Type III injuries. All wounds were closed primarily and radiological follow up was qhecked every month till union occurred. The complications included two deep infections, one non-union and one amputation. This study demonstrates that immediate internal fixation with bone graft when necessary is a beneficial method of treatment of open fractures of the long bones if copious irrigation, adequate debridement and skillful internal fixation technique are given golden period after injury. The results were related to the severity of the initial soft tissue injury and surgical technique and the period of union was not related to the individual bone. Autogenous bone grafting at the time of immediate internal fixation in comminuted or segmental fractures in which interfragmental compression cannot be obtained is recommended.
Amputation ; Bone Transplantation ; Debridement ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fractures, Open ; Humans ; Methods ; Radius ; Seoul ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Tibia ; Transplants ; Ulna ; Wounds and Injuries

Most authorities including WHO recommended immununizing infants with BCG as early as possible in areas prevalent with tuberculosis, however the optimal time for immunization has not well been characterized. Therefore the investigation was undertaken by vaccinating various infant groups of different ages with BCG and subsequently evaluating for adverse effects and tuberculin reactions, in order to contribute to undestanding the optimal time for immunization. Four hundred eighty three infants from the newborn nursery and the well baby clinic of Hanyang University Hospital who had no family history of tuberculosis were divided into three groups; group I of infants immunized within 7 days after birth, group II of infants immunized at about 1 month of age and group III of infants immunized at about 3 months of age. To each infant 0.1 ml of BCG(Institute Merieux, France) was administered intradermaly and approximately 3 months later tuberculin skin test using 5 TU PPD (NIH, Korea) was performed. Adverse reactions following BCG vaccination such as temperature elevation, induration alone or with suppuration at or near the injection site, and lymph node enlargement were also analyzed. The summary of the results is as follows. 1) Distribution of diameters of induration on tuberculin skin test illustrated incomplete bimodal configuration in all three different age groups. The means 2 standard deviations of diameters of indurations distributed on the main bells were 10.07 4.52 mm in group I, 10.65 3.82 mm in group II, and 10.83 5.08 mm in group III, and were not significantly different. 2) Criteria for positive tuberculin reaction was diameters of indurations equal to or greater than 6mm, 2 standard deviations below the mean values of diameters of indurations on the main bells. 3) The positive tuberculin reaction rates of 85.8% in group II and 88.6% in group III were significantly greater than 74.1% in group I. 4) Incidence of complications following BCG vaccination including temperature elevation, induration with suppuration, and localized lymphadenopathy was not different among three groups and the serious complications such as temperature elevation and lymphadenopathy were minimal. The data indicate that it is appropriate to immunize infants with BCG at about one month of age and the incidence of complications following BCG vaccination was not different among three infant groups of different ages.
Humans ; Immunization ; Incidence ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Mycobacterium bovis* ; Nurseries ; Parturition ; Skin Tests* ; Skin* ; Suppuration ; Tuberculin Test ; Tuberculin* ; Tuberculosis ; Vaccination*

No abstract available.
Adenoids* ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic* ; Trachea*

No abstract available.
Cartilage*

Background: This study examined the effects of gabexate mesilate on spinal nerve ligation (SNL)-induced neuropathic pain. To confirm the involvement of gabexate mesilate on neuroinflammation, we focused on the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and consequent the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the study. After randomization into three groups: the sham-operation group, vehicle-treated group (administered normal saline as a control), and the gabexate group (administered gabexate mesilate 20 mg/kg), SNL was performed. At the 3rd day, mechanical allodynia was confirmed using von Frey filaments, and drugs were administered intraperitoneally daily according to the group. The paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) was examined on the 3rd, 7th, and 14th day. The expressions of p65 subunit of NF-κB, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and iNOS were evaluated on the 7th and 14th day following SNL. Results: The PWT was significantly higher in the gabexate group compared with the vehicle-treated group (p < 0.05). The expressions of p65, proinflammatory cyto kines, and iNOS significantly decreased in the gabexate group compared with the vehicle-treated group (p < 0.05) on the 7th day. On the 14th day, the expressions of p65 and iNOS showed lower levels, but those of the proinflammatory cytokines showed no significant differences. Conclusions Gabexate mesilate increased PWT after SNL and attenuate the pro gress of mechanical allodynia. These results seem to be involved with the antiinflammatory effect of gabexate mesilate via inhibition of NF-κB, proinflammatory cytokines, and nitric oxide.

No abstract available.
Curcumin*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of anterior lumbar interbody fusion in treatment of failed back surgery syndrome, the authors present a retrospectively analysis of the clinical & radiological results of anterior lumbar interbody fusion. METHODS: Between September 2000 and September 2001, twenty two patients underwent anterior lumbar interbody fusion for treatment of failed back surgery syndrome. We analyzed clinical & radiological changes. The mean follow-up period was 19 months. RESULTS: Overall satisfactory outcome was 90%. The mean VAS was changed from 8.3 to 3.7. The mean Oswestry Disability Index(%) was changed from 70 to 33. The fusion rate was 86%. There were 2 complications; wound infection, sympathetic dysfunction. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the anterior lumbar interbody fusion seems to be a safe and favorable method in treating selective patients with failed back surgery syndrome.
Failed Back Surgery Syndrome* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Wound Infection

No abstract available.
Autophagy* ; Neuralgia*

Craniofacial dysostoses(Crouzon's disease) are characterized by cranial and facial deformities but the relationship between the craniosynostosis and facial deformities has not been clearly established. However, we believe that certain facial hypoplasias are comparable in nature with craniostenosis. Our objective in treatment of the Crouzon's disease is to achieve a postero-anterior movement of the whole facial mass, with the double aim of establishing normal dental occlusion and of increasing orbital capacity. The method we describe uses Tessier's basic procedures for surgical correction of the Crouzon's diseases patient who was 16 year-old boy. It would appear that the best treatment of these requires a radical and total osteostomy of the middle third of the face, to permit complete repositioning of the involved segment. These total osteotomies frequently include the creation of a line of separation between the anterior cranial base above and the facial bone below and also between the pterygoid processes behind and the maxilla anteriorly. Thus one is detaching the face from the cranial base. The authors described the surgical management of the Crouzon's disease and discussed the warning points of intraoperative technique in correction of the craniofacial dysostosis.
Adolescent ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Craniofacial Dysostosis ; Craniosynostoses ; Dental Occlusion ; Dysostoses ; Facial Bones ; Humans ; Male ; Maxilla ; Orbit ; Osteotomy ; Skull Base