The echocardiographic results obtained from normal group(910 cases), borderline hypertention group(78 cases), define hypertension group(182 cases) and hypertensive heart disease group(55 cases) in Heart Center, Paik Hospital, Inje Medical College, Pusan, Korea between September 1985, were as followings; 1) LVDeD, 5.94+/-1.07cm in hypertensive heart disease group was significantly increased compared with 4.93+/-0.64cm in normal group, 4.92+/-0.73cm in borderline hypertension group and 4.90+/-0.64cm in define hypertension group. LVSeD, 4.86+/-0.98cm in hypertensive heart disease group was significantly increased compared with 3.24+/-0.58cm in normal group, 3.21+/-0.52cm in definite hypertension group. 2) LVDeV/s, 180.26+/-84.76ml/m2 in hypertensive heart disease group was significantly increased compared with 86.13+/-37.34ml/m2 in normal group, 86.26+/-41.02ml/m2 in borderline hypertension group and 83.78+/-30.86ml/m2 in definite hypertension group, and LVSeV/S, 97.51+/-55.67ml/m2 in hypertensive heart disease group was significantly increased compared with 25.28+/-13.25ml/m2 in normal group, 23.68+/-14.62ml/m2 in borderline hypertension group and 24.02+/-14.36ml/m2 in definite hypertension group. 3) There was no significant differance of SV/S, between 61.50+/-26.02ml/m2 in normal, 63.98+/-30.86ml/m2 in borderline, 63.06+/-22.96ml/m2 in definite hypertension group and 61.82+/-30.67ml/m2 in hypertesive heart disease group. E.F. 44.06+/-9.94% in hypertensive heart disease group was significantly reduced comparing with 71.08+/-8.89% in normal group, while 74.35+/-8.26% in borderline and 73.28+/-8.49% in definite hypertensive was significantly increased. F.S., 17.02+/-5.18% in hypertensive heart disease group was significantly reduced comparing with 34.44+/-6.81% in normal, while 35.64+/-7.62% in borderline and 36.87+/-7.26% in definite hypertension group was significantly increased. 4) VSTh, 1.24+/-0.32cm in hypertensive heart disease group, 1.17+/-0.12cm in definite hypertension group and 1.16+/-0.41cm in borderline hypertension group are significantly increased comparing with 0.99+/-0.21cm in normal group. LVPWTh, 1.01+/-0.27cm in hypertensive heart disease group and 0.90+/-0.21cm in definite hypertension group was significantly increased comparing with 0.79+/-0.16cm in normal group. 5) VSTh was increased in 13.3% of borderline hypertension group, 32.8% of definite hypertension group and 31.6% of hypertensive heart disease group. LVPWTh was increased in 4.4% of borderline hypertensive group, 26.9% of definite hypertension group and 30.2% of hypertensive heart disease group. Symmetrical septal hypertrophy was noted in 5.1% of borderline hypertension group, 20.1% of definite hypertension group and 32.1% of hypertensive heart disease group. Total septal or left ventricular posteior wall hypertrophy was noted in 17(21.8%) of 78 borderline hypertension group, 154(89.8%) of definite hypertension group and 51(93.9%) of 55 hypertensive heart disease group.
Busan ; Echocardiography* ; Heart ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertrophy ; Korea ; Ventricular Function, Left*

The pulsed dye laser, emitting at wavelengths of 504nm. for 1 micro sec. at a frequency of 10 Hz. transmitted via a 200 micron in-diameter silicon-coated fiber, was send for fragmentation of urinary stones. The mechanism of stone fragmentation by laser is 'shock wave' formation by laser light ( photoacoustic effect). From Nov. 1988 to Apr. 1990, we performed 89 procedures in 86 patients for the removal of stones (80 procedures in 77 ureteral stones, 3 procedures in bladder stones and 6 procedures in urethral stones). Of the calculi 80 were fragmented to spontaneously passable or easily extractable fragments. There was no significant complications attributable to laser lithotripsy. And there was no significant differences in the fragmentation of stones according to the component. So, we think that laser lithotripsy is a safe and effective modality in management of the urinary stones including renal and upper ureter stones with some exceptions if deflecting ureterorenoscope is available.
Calculi ; Humans ; Lasers, Dye* ; Lithotripsy, Laser ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder Calculi ; Urinary Calculi*

T. verrucosum Infection has been reported for the first time in 1986 in Korea and has been increasing progressively. To evaluate the progress of clinical and histopathological change of dermatophytosis caused by T. verrucosum, inoculation study, using T. verrucosum isolated from infected human (human strain) and from infected cattle (cattle strain), was done in 24 male albino Hartley guinea pig. Their clinical and histopathological changes were evaluated. In addition, comparison for the growth rate between human strain and cattle strain on Sabouraud's glucose agar was made. The results were as follows: 1. Growth rate on Sabouraud's glucose agar: Cattle strain showed significantly more rapid growth rate than human strain on Sabouraud's glucose rate at 25℃ and 37℃. And cattle strain showed more rapid growth rate at 37℃ than 25℃. But human strain showed no significant difference of growth rate at both temperature. 2. Clinical findings: Initial erythema, scale and crust were developed about 8th after inoculation. All three findings reached maximum severity about 12th to 16th day and disappeared about 30th to 34th day after inoculation. There was no significant difference in progress of erythema, scale and crust between cattle strain and human strain. 3. Histopathological findings: Although mild acanthosis was noticed on the 3rd day after inoculation, the other findings including parakeratosis, intraepidermal abscess, spongiosis and vascular change, cellular infiltration were found on 9th day after inoculation. They reached maximum severity on the 12th day and lasted to the 25th day after inoculation. After that, all three findings were decreased gradually between 29th day and 33th day. On the PAS staining, hyphae and spores were found on the 6th day and disappeared on the 21th day after inoculation. 4. In trichophyton skin test, all of the 24 guinea pigs became positive within average 9.83±1.17 days These findings suggested that dermatophytosis caused by T.verrucosum induced rapid cell mediated immunity and contributed to rapid resolution of the lesion.
Abscess ; Agar ; Animals ; Cattle ; Erythema ; Glucose ; Guinea Pigs* ; Guinea* ; Humans ; Hyphae ; Immunity, Cellular ; Korea ; Male ; Parakeratosis ; Skin Tests ; Spores ; Tinea ; Trichophyton*

No abstract available.
Subclavian Artery* ; Thoracic Outlet Syndrome* ; Thromboembolism*

PURPOSE: Refractory status epilepticus refers to patients who do not respond properly to adequate first-line drug treatment such as diazepam, phenytoin, phenobaribital, lorazepam and show longer than 60 minute seizure. This study was designed to determine the efficacy and safety of midazolam given as a continuous infusion in the treatment of status epilepticus in children. METHODS: Midazolam was infused to twelve children with seizures, for whom two time repeated doses of 0.3mg/kg of diazepam, 20mg/kg of phenobarbital, and 20mg/kg of phenytoin failed to bring the episode under control. All patients received a bolus of midazolam(0.15mg/kg) followed by a continuous infusion at 1microgram/kg/min. The dose was increased every 15 min until the episode of seizure was brought under control. Time required to control seizures, infusion rate, and side-effects were monitored. RESULTS: The mean age of the patient population was 6.06 yrs(range 2 months to 16 yrs; 6 females and 6 males). In 11 patients, seizures were controlled in a mean time of 60.1 min(range 15-180 min). The mean infusion rate was 8.5microgram/kg/min(range 1-20). The total treatment duration was 17.6 days(range 1-54 days). One patient who was confirmed to have cortical dysplasia failed to respond. Two of the patients showed respiratory depression and bradycardia. CONCLUSION: Midazolam is an effective and safe drug to control refractory seizures in children with status epilepticus.
Bradycardia ; Child* ; Diazepam ; Female ; Humans ; Lorazepam ; Malformations of Cortical Development ; Midazolam* ; Phenobarbital ; Phenytoin ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Seizures ; Status Epilepticus*

PURPOSE: We used MRI to retrospectively analyze the brain of patients suffering from cerebral palsy. Our aim is to determine MRI's role in the assessment of brain damage, the relationship of gestational age. METHODS: A total of 66 patients(29 preform group and 37 term group), who visited Kang-Dong Sacred Heart Hospital from January, 1994 to July, 1998, were enrolled in this study. RESULTS: Among the 29 in the preform group, 13 patients showed MR images of hypoxic ischemic injury in which periventricular leukomalacid(PVL) and multifocal ischemic necrosis in 12(41.3%) and 1(3.4%) respectively. Neuronal migration disorders were 6(20.8%), other congenital malformations 5(17%) and normal MR images 5(17%) in this preform group. Among the 37 in the term group, 22 patients showed MR images of hypoxic ischemic injury in which selective neuronal necrosis were 11(29.7%), PVL 4(10.8%), focal and multifocal ischemic necrosis 4(10.8%) and status marmoratus 3(8.1%). Neuronal migration disorders were 4(10.8%), other congenital malformations 5(13.5%) and normal MR images 6(16.2%) in the term group. CONCLUSION: MRI provided useful information in a majority of children with cerebral palsy. Hypoxic ischemic injury was significantly different in preform and term groups. PVL was frequent in the preterm group and selective neuronal necrosis was statistically common in the term group.
Brain* ; Cerebral Palsy ; Child* ; Gestational Age ; Heart ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Movement Disorders ; Necrosis ; Neuronal Migration Disorders ; Neurons ; Paralysis* ; Retrospective Studies

Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Headache ; Humans ; Incidence ; Neck ; Neck Pain ; Shoulder Pain ; Temporomandibular Joint

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Prone Position* ; Thoracotomy*

Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) was performed in the 86 normal persons using a UM9 of ATL with a 3.5 MHZ transducer in the Heart Center of Dong-A University Hospital during March-September 1990. 1) The transesophageal basal short axis views in the normal were seen in the Fig. 2~6. The Fig. 2 showed 3 aortic valve cusps, Fig. 3 the left coronary artery, Fig. 4 the right pulmonary artery bifurcated from the main pulmonary artery, Fig. 5 3 major vessels of superior vena cava, aorta and pulmonary artery and Fig. 6 the Left atrial appendage. 2) The transesophageal 4-chamber views in the normal were seen in Fig. 7~10. The Fig. 7 showed the left ventricular outflow tract, Fig. 8 right and left atrium and ventricle, Fig. 9 the atrial septum containing the membrane of fossa ovalis and Fig. 10 right atrium and ventricle. 3) The transesophageal transgastric short axis view in the normal was seen in Fig. 11. Fig. 11 showed the transverse image of LV and RV. 4) The transesophageal ascending aorta image was observed in Fig. 3. descending aorta image in Fig. 12 and the transesophageal aortic arch image in Fig. 14. 5) From the transesophageal 4 chamber view the septum-lateral wall dimension of the left ventricle was 5.0cm and the dimension between the apex and the closed mitral valve 6.3cm. The medial-lateral dimension of the left atrial appendage was 3.0cm and the superior-inferior dimension 4.1cm. The dimension of the descending aorta was 2.7cm and the ascending aorta 3.0cm.
Aorta ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Aortic Valve ; Atrial Appendage ; Atrial Septum ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Coronary Vessels ; Echocardiography, Transesophageal ; Heart ; Heart Atria ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Membranes ; Mitral Valve ; Pulmonary Artery ; Transducers ; Vena Cava, Superior

No abstract available.
Gastroenteritis* ; Humans* ; Rotavirus*