The pulsed dye laser, emitting at wavelengths of 504nm. for 1 micro sec. at a frequency of 10 Hz. transmitted via a 200 micron in-diameter silicon-coated fiber, was send for fragmentation of urinary stones. The mechanism of stone fragmentation by laser is 'shock wave' formation by laser light ( photoacoustic effect). From Nov. 1988 to Apr. 1990, we performed 89 procedures in 86 patients for the removal of stones (80 procedures in 77 ureteral stones, 3 procedures in bladder stones and 6 procedures in urethral stones). Of the calculi 80 were fragmented to spontaneously passable or easily extractable fragments. There was no significant complications attributable to laser lithotripsy. And there was no significant differences in the fragmentation of stones according to the component. So, we think that laser lithotripsy is a safe and effective modality in management of the urinary stones including renal and upper ureter stones with some exceptions if deflecting ureterorenoscope is available.
Calculi ; Humans ; Lasers, Dye* ; Lithotripsy, Laser ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder Calculi ; Urinary Calculi*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There is little clinical data on the results of using Sirolimus-Eluting Stent (SES) for treating In-Stent Restenosis (ISR). We performed this study to evaluate the clinical outcomes for implanting SES for treating ISR in a real world hospital environment. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 30 patients with 32 ISRs (males: 73.3%, mean age: 60.2) (focal lesions: 21.9%, diffuse intra-stent lesions: 34.4%, proliferative lesions: 21.9%, total occlusions: 21.9%) were treated with SES after balloon predilation was performed. We evaluated the clinical results and the performed coronary angiography after 6 months. RESULTS: All the procedures were successful. The mean SES diameter and length were 3.0+/-0.3 mm and 27.1+/-5.5 mm, respectively, and the mean acute gain was 2.42+/-0.38 mm. No in-hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were observed. Twenty five patients with 27 lesions (84.4%) underwent coronary angiography at their 6 month follow-up. The late loss and loss index were 0.41+/-0.56 mm and 0.18+/-0.22, respectively. The binary restenosis rate was 7.4% (2/27 lesions). The rate of target lesion revascularization was 3.7% (1/27 lesion). The incidence of MACE at 6 months was 3.3% (1/30 patient). CONCLUSION: Treating ISR with SES is a safe and effective procedure for reducing ISR without the occurrence of acute or sub-acute thrombosis.
Coronary Angiography* ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Restenosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Stents* ; Thrombosis

The gut microbiota is part of the human body that is involved in body metabolism and the occurrence of various diseases. Detecting and analyzing their genetic information (microbiome) is as important as analyzing human genes. The core microbiome, the key functional genes shared by all humans, helps better understand the physiology of the human body. Information on the gut microbiome of a diseased person can help diagnose and treat disease. The pancreatobiliary system releases functional antimicrobial substances, such as bile acids and antimicrobial peptides, which affect the gut microbiota directly. In response, the gut microbiota influences pancreatobiliary secretion by controlling the generation and emission of substances through indirect signaling. This crosstalk maintains homeostasis of the pancreatobiliary system secretion and microbiota. Dysbiosis and disease can occur if this fails to work properly. Bile acid therapy has been used widely and may affect the microbial environment in the intestine. An association of the gut microbiota has been reported in many cases of pancreatobiliary diseases, including malignant tumors. Traditionally, most pancreatobiliary diseases are accompanied by infections from the gut microbiota, which is an important target for treatment. The pancreatobiliary system can control its function through physical and drug therapy. This may be a new pioneering field in the study or treatment of the gut microbiota.

A case of 42-year-oldI kidney transplant patient who developed invasive carcinama of the cervix after immunoauppresawe therepy is reported and the literature related to this diease is revuewed. The iatmgenic immunosuppresaionn renal transplantation recipients has been associated with increased incidence of malignancy in these patients. In particular, immunosuppressed women are al greater risk of developing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and buman papillomavirus type 16 or 18 infection. So, all such individuals are required to receive periodic gynecologic examination before renal transplantation and at regular intervals thereafter so that the development of CIN may be diagnosed at an early Stage and treated effestively.
Allografts* ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; Cervix Uteri ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney ; Kidney Transplantation

Early and longterm prognosis depended on the extents of acute myocardial infarction and residual myocardial function. Many clinical methods have been evaluated to determine their ability to estimate the size of myocardial infarcts. But because of many disadvantages simplified QRS scoring system, used with standard 12-lead EKG, was developed, which is noninvasive, inexpensive and easily releatible. Therefore, the correlation between QRS and peak CK,killip classification were evaluated in 55 patients with initial acute myocardial infarction at the Chung-Ang University, Yong-San and Pil-Dong Hospital during the period from January 1983 to December, 1986. The results were as follows : 1) The average QRS score of the anterior wall infarction is 7.1 and that of the inferior wall infarction is 4.5 and there is a statistical significance(p<0.01). 2) In the acute myocardial infarction, the correlation coefficeient between the QRS score and the killip classification is 0.66(p<0.05). 3) In the acute myocardial infarction, the average QRS score is 6.3 and the correlation coefficient between the leak CK and the QRS score is 0.52(p<0.05). 4) In the anterior wall infarction, the average QRS score is 7.1 and the correlation coefficient between the peak Ck and QRS score is 0.48(p<0.05). 5) In the inferior wall infarction, the average QRS score is a 4.5 and the correlation coefficient between the leak CK and QRS score is 0.79(p<0.05).
Classification ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Infarction ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Prognosis

CD44 is a cell-surface glycoprotein postulated to play a role in tumor cell metastasis. Aberrant expression of the cell adhesion molecule CD44 has been detected in human tumors and the expression of specific isoforms(splice variants) has been shown to be associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in human malignancies. We used variant exon sequence-specific monoclonal antibody to epitope encoded by exon v6 of human variant CD44 to study the expression of CD44 splice variant by immunochemistry in fifty nine samples of human cervical cancer. twenty seven tissue samples of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN) and normal cervix were included in this study. CD44v6 was stained positive in the basal and parabasal layer of normal epithelial cells homogenously but was absent in the stromal cells. The intensity of CD44v6 staining was the strongest in invasive squamous cell carcinoma followed by normal cervical epithelium, CIN, adenocarcinoma. In the malignant samples, heterogeneity in staining intensity among different clusters of tumor cells was observed. Furthermore the intensity of staining was stronger in proportion to stage, depth of invasion, lymphovascular invasion(p<0.05), and lymph node metastasis(p=NS). This study suggest that the expression of CD44v6 adhesion molecule may be useful value in predict the high stage, depth of invasion, lymphovascular invasion and lymph node metastasis probably.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Adhesion ; Cervix Uteri ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium ; Exons ; Female ; Glycoproteins ; Humans ; Immunochemistry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Population Characteristics ; Prognosis ; Stromal Cells ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

Cryosupernatant which is the residual plasma fraction after removing cryoprecipitate has been used for plasma exchange in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and hemolytic uremic syndrome replacing the fresh frozen plasma. Recently, the unusually large yon Willebrand factor multireefs (ULvWFM) has been observed in patients with refractory or chronic relapsing hemolytic uremic syndrome as well as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura which disappeared by infusion or plasma exchange with cryosupernatant, and infusion of fresh frozen plasma, the largest multimers of yon Willebrand factor were replenished that it might be a cause of refractoriness. This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of home-made cryosupernatant from thawed fresh frozen plasma and its thehrapeutic effect in a hemolytic uremic syndrome patient. The level of fibrinogen, coagulation factor VIII, vWF antigen, and ristocetin cofactor activity was decreased and yon Willebrand factor multimers were barely seen in cryosupernatant than those of in fresh frozen plasma. A hemolytic uremic syndrome patient tried with exchange and infusion of cryosupernatant showed excellent recovery. It is concluded that home-made cryosupernatant shares many of the features of fresh frozen plasma except factor VIII, especially von Willebrand factor multimers, and thus it could be a useful alternative to fresh frozen plasma in case of refractory hemolytic uremic synydrome.
Factor VIII ; Fibrinogen ; Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome ; Humans ; Plasma Exchange* ; Plasma* ; Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic ; von Willebrand Factor

Clinicians are frequently challenged to interpret gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with inflammatory disease (IBD). Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)-like symptoms are common in patients with IBD and the underlying mechanism is likely to be active or occult inflammation of the bowel rather than co-existing IBS. Biopsychosocial construct and mucosal inflammation, stress, alteration of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and autonomic dysregulation are contributing factors to IBD-IBS. In particular, low-grade inflammation and immune activation are recent topics regarding the underlying mechanism. Some authors have claimed that inflammation could be a common pathophysiologic factor, in which IBS and IBD might represent the two ends of a wide spectrum of chronic inflammatory conditions. Mast cells, enteroendocrine cells, T cells, and B cells are main effector cells in immune responses. Differentiating IBS symptoms from exacerbation of IBD is important, thus preventing the use of excessive IBD medications, with the potential side effects, or narcotics. Medical treatments with anti-diarrheals, anti-spasmodics, anti-depressants, and anxiolytics can be helpful. However, abuse can lead to medication-dependency and bring about side effects. A healthy, balanced lifestyle, including diet and exercise, should be endorsed.
Anti-Anxiety Agents ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; B-Lymphocytes ; Colitis, Microscopic ; Diet ; Enteroendocrine Cells ; Humans ; Immunity, Mucosal ; Inflammation ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; Life Style ; Mast Cells ; Narcotics ; T-Lymphocytes

Effective and systematic sanitation management programs are necessary to prevent foodborne disease outbreaks in school foodservice operations. The purpose of this study was to identify the elements to improve in order to ensure the safety of school food service by evaluating sanitation management practices implemented under HACCP-based programs. The survey was designed to assess the level of hygiene practices of school food service by using an inspection checklist of food hygiene and safety. Fifty-four school foodservice establishments considered as poor sanitation practice groups from two year inspections by Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education were surveyed from September to December in 2005. Inspection checklists consisted of seven categories with 50 checkpoints; facilities and equipment management, personal hygiene, ingredient control, process control, environmental sanitation management, HACCP system and safety management. Surveyed schools scored 68.0+/-12.42 points out of 100 on average. The average score (% of compliance) of each field was 10.7/20 (53.3%) for facilities and equipment management, 7.4/11 (67.2%) for personal hygiene, 7.4/11 (74.1%) for ingredient control, 22.4/32 (69.8%) for process control, 8.9/12 (73.8%) for environmental sanitation management, 4.2/7 (59.7%) for HACCP systems management, and 7.2/8 (89.7%) for safety management, respectively. The field to be improved first was the sanitation control of facilities and equipment. The elements to improve this category were unprofessional consultation for kitchen layout, improper compartment of the kitchen area, lacks of pest control, inadequate water supply, poor ventilation system, and insufficient hand-washing facilities. To elevate the overall performance level of sanitation management, prerequisite programs prior to HACCP plan implementation should be stressed on the school officials, specifically principals, for the integration of the system.
Checklist ; Disease Outbreaks ; Education ; Food Safety* ; Food Services* ; Foodborne Diseases ; Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Pest Control ; Safety Management ; Sanitation ; Seoul* ; Ventilation ; Water Supply