It is well studied about the composition of tear and it`s function, but not about the proportion of tear proteins in the dry eye, in which tear volume is reduced and tear film is unstable. Therefore, we performed this study to determine the proportion of tear proteins. This study involved 150 subjects, 50 volunteers and 100 outpatients who visited Ophthalmologic department from January to December in 1997. Dry eye was classified into mild and severe dry eyes. Four fractions of tear protein were demonstrated by electrophoresis. The proportion of tear proteins in fraction 1 to 4 were 31.0+/-5.9%(mean+/-standard deviation), 2.9+/-1.3%, 40.8+/-5.5%, 25.2+/-5.2%, in control group, 33.4+/-7.1%, 3.4+/-3.0%, 41.6+/-7.7%, 21.5+/-4.8% in mild dry eye group, 37.5+/-11.4%, 3.2+/-2.2%, 40.3+/-9.1%, 19.5+/-5.3% in severe dry eye group respectively. With severty of the dry eye, the proportion of fraction 1 was increased and the proportion of fraction 4 was decreased, both of which were statistically significant difference(P<0.01). In proportion to the severity of dry eye, the proportion of tear proteins became unstable. For the diagnosis and management of the dry eye,we consider the supplement of the decreased portion of tear proteins.
Diagnosis ; Electrophoresis ; Humans ; Outpatients ; Tears* ; Volunteers

No abstract available.
Hemangioma* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to find helpful MR findings for predicting a naplastic oligodendrogl lomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 46 MR images and 37 CT scans was performed for 46 patients with pathologically-proven cerebral oligodendrogliomas. A neuropathologist graded the tumors as one of low-grade (n=16), intermediate-grade (n=l2), or anaplastic oligodendroglioma (n=18). MR imaging features were retrospectively analysed with respect to histologic grading of the tumors. RESULTS: Contrast enhancement was observed always in anaplastic group (17 /17), in a portion of intermediate-grade group (4/10) but not in low-grade group (0/14). Peritumoral edema was observed infrequently in anaplastic group (4/18) or intermediate-grade group (1/12). Cystic changes (25/46) or calcifications on CT Scans (14/37) were not related with histologic grading. Grossly identifiable hemorrhage was rare in this series (2/46). Among the various imaging features, only tumor enhancement and peritumoral edema were statistically significant for trend test (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: When considering the diagnosis of oligodendrogliomas, the presence of contrast enhancement or peritumoral edema is a helpful features suggesting anaplastic oligodendrogliomas.
Diagnosis ; Edema ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Loma ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Oligodendroglioma* ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcomes after fixation using a 3.5-mm locking compression plate (LCP) hook plate for isolated greater tuberosity (GT) fractures of the proximal humerus. METHODS: We evaluated the postoperative radiological and clinical outcomes in nine patients who were followed up at least 1 year with isolated GT fractures. Using the deltopectoral approach, we fixed the displaced GT fragments with a 3.5-mm LCP hook plate (Synthes, West Chester, PA, USA). Depending on the fracture patterns, the hook plate was fixed with or without augmentation using either tension suture or suture anchor fixation. RESULTS: All the patient showed successful bone union. The mean time-to-union was 11 weeks. The radiological and clinical outcomes at the final follow-up were generally satisfactory. The mean visual analogue scale for pain, the University of California at Los Angeles score, the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, and the subjective shoulder value were 1.4, 30.3, 84.3, and 82.2%, respectively. The mean active forward flexion, abduction, external rotation, and internal rotation of the shoulder were 156.7°, 152.2°, 61.1°, and the 10th thoracic vertebral level, respectively. Only one patient presented with a postoperative complication of shoulder stiffness. The patient was treated through arthroscopic capsular release on the 5th postoperative month. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that fixation using 3.5-mm LCP hook plates for isolated GT fractures of the proximal humerus is a useful treatment method that provides satisfactory clinical and radiological outcomes.
California ; Elbow ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Humerus* ; Joint Capsule Release ; Methods ; Postoperative Complications ; Shoulder ; Surgeons ; Suture Anchors ; Sutures

PURPOSE: The penis has been attracted to everyone associated with various diseases and sexual activity. Lots of materials and instruments has been applied to the penis for sexual arousal. Furthermore, those ar e usually made and applied in inappropriate ways by non-medical personnel. This resulted in lots of complications in various degrees. So, we investigated the real problems concerning various procedures performed on the genitalia by non-medical personnel. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively medical records of 32 male and one female patients having complications which had been developed following some procedures on the genitalia by non-medical personnel from January 1995 to December 1999. These patients were analyzed according to characteristics of the patients, the methods, purposes, complications and treatments. RESULTS: Their age at first visit was various from 12 years to 70 years (mean, 35.8 years). At that time when procedures had been performed, their age were 12 years to 56 yeats (mean, 30.8 years) in 26 cases whose ages were identified. Among them 22cases (66.7%) were the married and 11 (33.3%) were the unmarried. Occupations were various and out-of-work were 10 (30.4%), commerce 8 (24.2%), firm worker 6(18.2%), student 5 (15.2%), and private job manager and the not-identified 2 (6.1%). according to the school career, the high school graduates were 18 (54.6%), the college graduates 7 (21.2%), middle school graduates 4 (12.1%), and 4 were under middle school. These procedures were performed for sexual satisfaction in 29 cases (87.9%) and for cheap and easy circumcision in 4 cases (12.1%), of which 26 cases (78.8%) had been performed by other person and 7 cases (21.2%) by himself. According to the materials used, 22 (66.7%) cases had been injected vaseline or paraffin in to the penis and one (3.0%) into the vulva, and one (3.0%) plicated his penile skin with rubber band using sewing needle, which 24 cases (72.7%) were for enlargement of the genitalia. 2 (6.0%) cases inserted plastic balls into the penile skin for sexual arousal of partner. 3 (9.1%) cases put a metallic ring, a ceramic ring, and a vacuum device over their penis for improving erection quality, respectively. 4(12.1%) cases had applied the commercially-maid self-circumcision devices over their prepuce, Complications were foreign body sensation, pain at erection, inflammation, skin necrosis, and septic condition, which were variable case by case. Treatments were removal of foreign materials and devices, necrotic tissue, and primary repair of defected skin, for that, in 2 (6.0%) cases, skin flap and graft were needed. CONCLUSIONS: Lots of complications, severe in some cases, had been developed on external genitalia following various procedures performed by medically unauthorized person. So, we have to strongly for their purpose and it would be rather harmful. At the same time, we have to strongly recommend the government to control strictly such materials and instruments not to be sold and used inappropriately.
Arousal ; Ceramics ; Circumcision, Male ; Commerce ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; Genitalia ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Male ; Medical Records ; Necrosis ; Needles ; Occupations ; Paraffin ; Penis ; Petrolatum ; Plastics ; Retrospective Studies ; Rubber ; Sensation ; Sexual Behavior ; Single Person ; Skin ; Transplants ; Vacuum ; Vulva

PURPOSE: Majority of the urinary stones are primarily treated by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy(SWL). The factors effecting on fragmentation of stones are characteristics of stones, mechanism of fragmentation, and technique of operator. There were many reports concerning stone size, location, composition, and lithotriptor itself, but no report concerning technical aspect in fragmentation of stones. We know the therapeutic results of SWL using same machine and under similar in conditions of stones were different. So, we investigated fragmentation rate of the stones according to gross hematuria and pain as one of parameters on behalf of technical aspects in addition to other characteristics of the stones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analysed the results of urinary stone fragmentations in 61 patients for whom SWL had been undergone from March, 1998 to August, 1998. Success rates and their correlations according to the size, location, shape, and radiopacity of the stones, degree of the flank pain and severity of gross hematuria during and after operation. RESULTS: The rates of stone fragmentations according to size, location, shape, and radiopacity of the stones did not show significant differences, wherease severity of gross hematuria and flank pain during and after SWL showed significant correlations to success rates(p<0.01). CONCLUTIONS: In practicing SWL, we think it is helpful to rasing success rate to consider of the severity of gross hematuria and flank pain following SWL.
Flank Pain ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Lithotripsy* ; Shock* ; Urinary Calculi*

OBJECTIVES: We compared the characteristics of the pain threshold and pain experience between demented group and non-demented group. METHODS: This study was part of Gangwon projects for early detection of dementia in 2010. We recruited 8302 local resident ages over 65 years old. Of theses, 1259 people who scored low MMSE were selected and 365 of them completed CERAD-K(Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's disease). Finally, 90 in non-demented group and 57 in demented group(mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease) were analyzed. Pain threshold was experimentally measured by pressure algometer and we investigated the pain experience, by Brief pain inventory (BPI), a self-report test. RESULTS: In the demographic characteristics, there are more female, higher ages, lower education in the demented group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the pain threshold. On the BPI results, 'shoulder pain', 'the number of pain' and 'interference of working' were significantly more prevalent in non-demented group. However, there are no significant differences between the groups in the 'pain severity', 'prevalence of pain' and 'pain treatment'. CONCLUSIONS: Demented group report less pain experience but, still perceived pain. It support previous studies that patient with dementia have increased pain tolerance but preserved pain threshold. Thus, active pain assessment and treatment for patients with dementia is needed.
Aged* ; Dementia* ; Education ; Female ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Pain Measurement ; Pain Threshold*

No abstract available.
Aneurysm* ; Bone Cysts* ; Spine*

In May 1974, authors encountered a 37 year old Korean male who was suffering from very serious condition of acute abdomen. On exploratory laparotomy, a ruptured granulomatous mass in the proximal portion of the ileum showing extensive inflammatory and gangrenous changes was found and about 4 ft. long of the bowel was resected. From the honey-combed fibrous capsules in the mass, four plerocercoid larvae, spargana, measuring about 3 to 7 cm in lengths were extirpated. The patient had a past history of having eaten the raw flesh of a snake as a tonic about 7 months prior to admission. Four cases of intra-abdominal sparganosis reported previously in Korea and the present case were discussed briefly. Snakes and frogs in Korea are very important second intermediate hosts for the 1arva, Sparganum stage. It is most preferable that the habitual ingestion of the raw fleshes of them should be avoided in this country.
parasitology-helminth-nematoda ; Spirometra sp. ; sparganum ; sparganosis ; laparatomy ; intestine ; perforation ; case report

The hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome is a primary immunodificiency disorder characterized by recurrent staphylococcal infections and markedly elevated serum IgE level. Clinical features are coarse face and severe infections of the skin-furunculosis or chronically pruritic dermatitis and sinopulmonary tract infection from infancy by coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus, or Candida albicans etc. The patients's serum IgE level is elevated but the basic immunologic pathogenesis not fully understood. We have experienced a case of hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome in a 26/12-year-old who had suffered from recurrent staphylococcal pneumonias and abscesses and chronically pruritic dermatitis from 1 month of age with elevated serum IgE level. A brief review of the related literature is presented.
Abscess ; Candida albicans ; Coagulase ; Dermatitis ; Immunoglobulin E ; Pneumonia, Staphylococcal ; Staphylococcal Infections ; Staphylococcus aureus