No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: We examined whether puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-induced nephrotic syndrome (NS) is associated with altered renal handling of water and sodium along with changes of renal abundance of aquaporins (AQP1 and AQP2) and NHE3. Next we tested the effects of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha- MSH), a potent anti-inflammatory drug, on the PAN-induced renal functional derangement and the changes of renal AQPs and NHE3 abundance. METHODS: PAN was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats using two protocols: protocol 1 (180 mg/kg, single iv injection) and protocol 2 (100 mg/kg, single iv injection). RESULTS: In both protocols, PAN-induced NS was associated with decreased urine concentration, manifested by an increased urine output and decreased urine osmolality and TcH2O. Consistent with this, a marked downregulation of vasopressin-regulated collecting duct AQP2 expression was seen in PAN-induced NS. In protocol 2 where rats treated with moderate dose of PAN, alpha-MSH cotreatment prevented the reduction of urine osmolality and the increase of the FENa in the PAN-induced NS. This suggests that alpha-MSH may have protective effects against the renal functional deterioration induced by PAN. The renal abundance of the AQP1, AQP2 and NHE3 was reduced in PAN-induced NS in protocol 2, as seen in protocol 1. In contrast to the functional improvement, alpha-MSH cotreatment had marginal effects in the prevention of renal AQP1, AQP2 and NHE3 downregulation in PAN-induced NS. CONCLUSION: PAN-induced NS was associated with decreased urine concentration along with reduced renal AQP2, AQP1 and NHE3 abundance. Alpha-MSH may have protective effects against the renal functional deterioration (e.g., urine osmolality and FENa). However, alpha-MSH treatment alone is less likely to prevent the marked reduction of AQP2, AQP1 and NHE3 abundance in PAN-induced NS, in contrast to the previously known dramatic effects against the ischemia-reperfusion injury in kidney and small intestine.
alpha-MSH* ; Animals ; Aquaporins ; Down-Regulation ; Intestine, Small ; Kidney ; Nephritis, Interstitial ; Nephrotic Syndrome* ; Osmolar Concentration ; Puromycin Aminonucleoside* ; Puromycin* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; Sodium

No Abstract Available.
Case-Control Studies*

No abstract available.
Durapatite* ; Dust* ; Rabbits* ; Transplants*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Thyroid Diseases* ; Thyroid Gland*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide* ; Calcitonin* ; Cochlear Nucleus* ; Rats*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Enophthalmos is a common sequelae of orbital fracture. Moreover, it is difficult to treat secondarily. We assessed the effect of filling up the orbital volume defect with implants on the correction of late posttraumatic enophthalmos. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Based on patients' clinical data, we retrospectively reviewed 11 patients who had an operation because of late posttraumatic enophthalmos from July 2001 to December 2005. To correct late posttraumatic enophthalmos, porous polyethylene (Medpor(R)), Medpor(R) enophthalmos wedge implant, absorbable mesh, bone graft particulate, rib cartilage, auricle cartilage, and maxilla anterior wall were used. RESULTS: Among 11 patients, 6 patients were men and 5 patients were women. The average age was 33.2 years with the follow-up period of 21.8 months. Five patients had orbital floor fracture, 1 patients had medial orbital wall fracture, 4 patients had a combination of orbital floor and medial orbital wall fractures, and 3 patients had zygoma fracture. Excellent results were obtained in all 5 patients with diplopia. The amount of enophthalmos corrected was between 1 and 5 mm (mean 2.5 mm). There was no case of visual loss, infection, migration, or exposure of implant, but we carried out re-operation on 1 case due to over reduction. CONCLUSION: Filling up the volume defect with proper implants is a relatively simple, safe and efficient technique in correcting late posttraumatic enophthalmos.
Absorbable Implants ; Cartilage ; Diplopia ; Enophthalmos* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Maxilla ; Orbit ; Orbital Fractures ; Polyethylene ; Retrospective Studies ; Ribs ; Transplants ; Zygoma

Blood Platelets ; Bone Transplantation ; Dental Implants ; Insulin ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Lifting ; Maxilla ; Maxillary Sinus ; Osteoblasts ; Osteogenesis ; Pilot Projects ; Platelet-Rich Plasma ; Prospective Studies ; Rabbits ; Secretory Vesicles

Humans ; Malocclusion ; Mandibular Condyle ; Mouth ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Temporomandibular Joint ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders