Beta-fluoroethylacetate has been extensively used as the rodenticide in Korea. In some patients with acute poisoning, beta-fluoroethylacetate caused cerebellar dysfunction as a single and persistent neurologic sequela after a period of an acute neurological disorder which is characterized by mental deterioration, seizures, and respiratory failure. But there has been no report of pathological findings to explain neurological deficit. We tried to verify the histologic changes of the central nervous systems in beta-fluoroethylacetate poisoned rats. Silver staining(Gallyas) was used to evaluate the histology. In acute intoxication experiment with LD50(7mg/Kg), beta-fluoroethylacetate elicited acute onset of consciousness deterioration, generalized tonic-clonic seizures and large amplitude tremulous activity involving whole body with full recovery after 24 hours. There was no discernible pathologic change in CNS in acutely poisoned rats. However, when poisoned with sublethal dose(5mg/Kg) daily for five days, a moderate degree of nerve cell degeneration was found selectively in dentate nucleus, Purkinie cell layer, vestibulo-cochlear nucleus and striatum. This change was not seen in hippocampus, cerebral cortex or cerebellar cortex. These findings were well correlated with the previous reports of selective pathology in human 5-FU intoxication cases. Our preliminary results suggest that beta-fluoroethylacetate, a kind of cellular metabolism inhibitor may induce selective neuropathology mainly involving cerebellar output pathway in rats.
Humans ; Rats ; Animals ; Poisons

No abstract available.
De Lange Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Membranes* ; Nipples* ; Pregnancy*

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) cause neurologic dysfunction by blocking the voltage-gated sodium channels located in all of the peripheral nerves and muscles. We experienced two patients presenting with generalized motor weakness after ingestion of pufferfish. The nerve conduction study showed diffuse slowing of motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity, prolonged motor terminal latency and decreased sensory nerve action potentials without temporal dispersion or conduction block. Abnormal findings of nerve conduction study improved rapidly without any deterioration. Clinical symptoms and signs ameliorated in accordance with findings of nerve conduction study without any neurologic sequelae. These imply that tetrodotoxication is reversible and functional neurologic disorder. We suggest that nerve conduction studies can be available in serial monitoring of tetrodotoxication as an objective means.
Action Potentials ; Eating ; Humans ; Muscles ; Nervous System Diseases ; Neural Conduction ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Peripheral Nerves* ; Tetraodontiformes ; Tetrodotoxin ; Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels

No abstract available.
Wernicke Encephalopathy*

PURPOSE: The chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as structural or functional abnormalities of the kidney diagnosed by abnormalities of pathology, composition of blood or urine, imaging tests and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) less than 60 mL/min/1.73m2. GFR less than 60 mL/min/1.73m2 is known to increase the number of complications. This guideline is universally used but there are no studies on whether the guideline is applicable to Korean people, especially to elderly population. METHODS: We randomly selected 1,000 subjects aged more than 65 years who lived in Seong-nam city during September, 2005. We used the modified MDRD equation to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and categorized the subjects into 5 groups (group 1: GFR >70, group 2: 60-70, group 3: 50-60, group 4: 40-50, group 5: <40 mL/min/1.73m2). RESULTS: The mean creatinine level was 1.1 (+/-0.3) mg/dL and the mean value of eGFR was 60.9 (+/-12.9) mL/min/1.73m2. The frequency of subjects with eGFR less than 60 mL/min/1.73m2 was 48%. The frequencies of old age, female, hypertension, coronary heart disease, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, and increased waist circumference increased as eGFR fell. When evaluating the odds ratios of complications of CKD (Group 2-5 versus Group 1), the risk of coronary heart disease was increased in Group 3, 4, 5, hypertension in Group 4, 5 and diabetes mellitus, anemia, and proteinuria in Group 5, respectively. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of CKD in the elderly population was high. The elderly Koreans with CKD showed increasing comorbidities at a lower GFR.
Aged ; Anemia ; Comorbidity ; Coronary Disease ; Creatinine ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypoalbuminemia ; Kidney ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence ; Proteinuria ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; Waist Circumference

Congenital rubella syndrome is a transplacental fetal infection with rubella virus and shows a wide spectrum of clinical expression from severe malformation to asymptomatic in the neonatal period. For the confirmation of congenital rubella, one of the following laboratory criteria should be present: isolation of rubella virus, demonstration of rubella-specific IgM antibody, or a rubella IgG antibody that persists and fails to drop at a rate of twofold dilution per month. Recently a reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nPCR) method for the prenatal diagnosis of rubella virus infection has been used. We experienced a case of congenital rubella in a 15- month old male who had suffered from respiratory difficulty. He had low birth weight. Thrombocytopenia was noticed shortly after his birth. He was transferred to our hospital because persistent respiratory difficulty had been developing since the age of one month. His growth and development were delayed. Physical examination revealed micrognathia, hepatosplenomegly, lymphadenopathy, and petechiae. Laboratory examination revealed a rubella specific IgM antibody. Chest X-ray suggested a chronic lung change. Rubella virus RNA was detected in the serum by RT-nPCR. This is the first case of congenital rubella, which was confirmed by the detection of rubella virus RNA, in Korea.
Growth and Development ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Korea ; Lung ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Male ; Parturition ; Physical Examination ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Purpura ; RNA ; Rubella ; Rubella Syndrome, Congenital* ; Rubella virus ; Thorax ; Thrombocytopenia

Congenital rubella syndrome is a transplacental fetal infection with rubella virus and shows a wide spectrum of clinical expression from severe malformation to asymptomatic in the neonatal period. For the confirmation of congenital rubella, one of the following laboratory criteria should be present: isolation of rubella virus, demonstration of rubella-specific IgM antibody, or a rubella IgG antibody that persists and fails to drop at a rate of twofold dilution per month. Recently a reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nPCR) method for the prenatal diagnosis of rubella virus infection has been used. We experienced a case of congenital rubella in a 15- month old male who had suffered from respiratory difficulty. He had low birth weight. Thrombocytopenia was noticed shortly after his birth. He was transferred to our hospital because persistent respiratory difficulty had been developing since the age of one month. His growth and development were delayed. Physical examination revealed micrognathia, hepatosplenomegly, lymphadenopathy, and petechiae. Laboratory examination revealed a rubella specific IgM antibody. Chest X-ray suggested a chronic lung change. Rubella virus RNA was detected in the serum by RT-nPCR. This is the first case of congenital rubella, which was confirmed by the detection of rubella virus RNA, in Korea.
Growth and Development ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Korea ; Lung ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Male ; Parturition ; Physical Examination ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Purpura ; RNA ; Rubella ; Rubella Syndrome, Congenital* ; Rubella virus ; Thorax ; Thrombocytopenia

Objectives: This study was aimed to investigate the association between chronic kidney disease and tooth loss in elderly Koreans. Methods: Data of 2,419 elderly people aged 65 years or older who participated in the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016-2018) were obtained. Those with no missing values were analyzed. Complex samples multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the effect of chronic kidney disease on tooth loss. Results: After adjusting for all covariates, chronic kidney disease was significantly associated with fewer than 20 present teeth (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.01-2.30). Conclusions In elderly Korean people, chronic kidney disease was significantly associated with having less than 20 teeth, suggesting that chronic kidney disease is a risk factor for tooth loss in the elderly.

Objectives: This study aim to evaluate the effect of Greek yogurt on the tooth surface by comparing it with liquid fermented milk. Methods: After purchasing Greek yogurt available on the domestic market and measuring pH and titratable acidity, Greek yogurt was selected as the Greek yogurt group, Jeju Samdasoo as the mineral water group, and liquid fermented milk as the liquid fermented milk group. The specimens were treated with the experimental drinks for 30 minutes. Afterwards, the change in surface microhardness of the tooth surface was measured and the surface change was observed. Results: The pH of the experimental beverage was slightly higher in the Greek yogurt group than the liquid fermented milk group. In the effect of Greek yogurt on tooth surface hardness, there was a statistically significant difference in surface microhardness before and after immersion in the liquid fermented milk group, but there was no significant difference between the mineral water group and the Greek yogurt group. When comparing the surface microhardness change values among groups, the difference in surface microhardness (△VHN) between before and after 30 minutes of immersion showed a statistically significant difference between the liquid fermented milk group and the mineral water group and the Greek yogurt group, but there was no significant difference between the mineral water group and the Greek yogurt group. As a result of scanning electron microscopy, the surfaces of the mineral water and Greek yogurt groups were smooth without damage, but the surfaces of the liquid fermented milk group were rough and uneven. Conclusions Considering the results of this experiment, it is considered that Greek yogurt has a lower risk of causing dental erosion compared to liquid fermented milk, and these characteristics of Greek yogurt can be considered when providing dietary counseling regarding fermented milk products.