PURPOSE: Epidural anesthesia(EPA) has been performed in various operations; however, it frequently induces postoperative voiding dysfunction. The frequency, duration and risk factors of voiding dysfunction occurring after EPA using long-acting anesthetics bupivacaine were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 100 patients, who underwent orthopedic surgery (under knee, operation time Anesthesia, Epidural* ; Anesthetics ; Bupivacaine* ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Humans ; Knee ; Male ; Orthopedics ; Postoperative Period ; Prospective Studies ; Residual Volume ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of CD44v6 in patients with histologically confirmed endometrial cancer. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of CD44v6 in 39 hysterectomy specimens with the diagnosis of endometrial cancer. RESULTS: CD44v6 expression was detected in 8 specimens with no myometrial invasion of endometrial cancer, one specimen with <50% myometrial invasion, and none with >50% myometrial invasion. There was a significant association between CD44v6 expression and no myometrial invasion of endometrial cancer. There was a statistically significant association between CD44v6 expression and lymph node metastasis, lymphovascular involvement. And all cases of CD44v6 expression were FIGO stage I with histological grade 1 or 2. CD44v6 expression was statistically related with estrogen receptor expression. Although statistical significance was not revealed, it was likely that CD44v6 expression was related with progesterone receptor expression with positive predictive value of 6/9 (66.7%). CONCLUSION: Significant relationships between myometrial invasion, lymph node metastasis, lymphovascular involvement, surgical stage and expression of estrogen receptor and CD44v6 expression suggest that CD44v6 expression could be a good prognostic factor. CD44v6 expression may have potential clinical usefulness if this expression is demonstrated in a further study with prehysterectomy sampling specimens containing endometrial cancer.
Diagnosis ; Endometrial Neoplasms* ; Estrogens ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Receptors, Progesterone

BACKGROUDN: Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is not a rare complication in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on dialysis and the occurrence of GIB has also been associated with higher morbidity and mortality rates. However, reasons for the high incidence of GIB are not clear. This retrospective study was undertaken not only to analyze the clinical features of GIB but also to elucidate the independent risk factors for GIB in Korean ESRD patients. METHODS: One hundred thirty ESRD patients on dialysis at the Severance Hospital of Yonsei University College of Medicine from January 2000 to December 2005 were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups: 65 patients with GIB (the GIB group) and 65 age-, sex-, and dialysis modality-matched patients without GIB (the C group). Clinical characteristics, medications, and laboratory findings were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Compared to the C group, congestive heart failure (40.0% vs. 21.5%, p<0.05), coronary arterial occlusive disease (CAOD) (32.3% vs. 4.6%, p<0.005), and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use (18.4% vs. 1.5%, p<0.01) were significantly more common in the GIB group. The baseline serum albumin levels were significantly lower in the GIB group than in the C group (2.53+/-0.67 g/dL vs. 3.56+/-0.63 g/dL, p<0.005). Using logistic regression analysis, CAOD (OR=23.0), NSAID use (OR=12.5), and lower serum albumin levels (OR=2.9) were identified as independent risk factors for GIB (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Careful attention must be paid to ESRD patients with CAOD, taking NSAIDs, or with low serum albumin levels in view of GIB.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; Arterial Occlusive Diseases ; Dialysis ; Heart Failure ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Logistic Models ; Mortality ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors* ; Serum Albumin