Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Headache ; Humans ; Incidence ; Neck ; Neck Pain ; Shoulder Pain ; Temporomandibular Joint

The effect of Carteolol hydrocholride on the Na-K ATPase of anterior capsule and epithelium of cattle lens has been investigated. The experiments were also designed to determine the action of Carteolol hydrochloride on the Na-K ATPase activity in anterior capsule and epithelium of cattle lens. The following results were observed. 1. The predominent location of Na-K ATPase was located in the epithelim and NaK ATPase was closely related with active trasport system of sodium and potassium in the lens epithelium. 2. The activity of Na-K ATPase of cattle lens epithelium was alomst totally inhibited by Ouabain. 3. Beta-adrenergic blocking agent(Carteolol hydrochloride) in the epithelium of cattle lens was shown to be actively transported by the ATPase. 4. The Na-K ATPase activity of cattle lens epithelium was inhibited by Carteolol hydrochloride.
Adenosine Triphosphatases* ; Animals ; Biological Transport, Active ; Carteolol* ; Cattle* ; Epithelial Cells* ; Epithelium ; Membranes* ; Ouabain ; Potassium ; Sodium

The authors report four cases of ependymal cysts. Among the benign cystic lesions of neuroepithelial origin, ependymal cysts have been reportedly located in the cerebral parenchyme. This usually become symptomatic after 40 years of age, although it is generally thought to be congenital in origin. Symptomatic cases have been treated effectively with resection of the cyst or shunting procedures. Stereotactic removal of the cyst was also a good alternative as management in the authors' cases. Differential diagnosis is mandatory with other benign intraparenchymal cystic diseases.
Diagnosis, Differential

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: At least 100 Ryanodine receptor type 1 (RYR1) mutations associated with malignant hyperthermia (MH) and central core disease (CCD) have been identified, but 2 RYR1 mutations accompanying multiminicore myopathy in an MH and/or CCD family have been reported only rarely. METHODS: Fifty-three members of a large MH family were investigated with clinical, histopathologic, RYR1 mutation, and haplotyping studies. Blood creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin levels were also measured where possible. RESULTS: Sequencing of the entire RYR1 coding region identified a double RYR1 mutation (R2435H and A4295V) in MH/CCD regions 2 and 3. Haplotyping analysis revealed that the two missense heterozygous mutations (c.7304G>A and c.12891C>T) were always present on a common haplotype allele, and were closely cosegregated with histological multiminicores and elevated serum CK. All the subjects with the double mutation showed elevated serum CK and myoglobin, and the obtained muscle biopsy samples showed multiminicore lesions, but only two family members presented a late-onset, slowly progressive myopathy. CONCLUSIONS: We found multiminicore myopathy with clinical and histological variability in a large MH family with an unusual double RYR1 mutation, including a typical CCD-causing known mutant. These results suggest that multiminicore lesions are associated with the presence of more than two mutations in the RYR1 gene.
Alleles ; Biopsy ; Clinical Coding ; Creatine Kinase ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Malignant Hyperthermia ; Muscles ; Muscular Diseases ; Myoglobin ; Myopathies, Structural, Congenital ; Myopathy, Central Core ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Ryanodine ; Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel

Apraxia of lid opening is a nonparalytic motor abnormality characterized by difficulty in initiating the act of lid elevation. It has been reported in various extrapyramidal disorders(Parkinson's disease, Huntington's chorea, progressive supranuclear palsy), right middle cerebral infarction and Wilson's disease. We report a case of apraxia of opening in Wilson's disease, 34-year-old man was noted to have resting tremor and voluntary eye opening difficulty. Wilson's disease without Kayser-Fleisher ring was diagnosed by serum Cu, serum ceruloplasmin and liver biopsy. He was treated with D-penicillamine anticholinergics, amantadine, and levodopa.
Adult ; Amantadine ; Apraxias* ; Biopsy ; Cerebral Infarction ; Ceruloplasmin ; Cholinergic Antagonists ; Hepatolenticular Degeneration* ; Humans ; Huntington Disease ; Levodopa ; Liver ; Penicillamine ; Tremor

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: It is widely believed that the post-lumbar puncture headache(PLPH) is related to CSF leakage through the dural hole made by needle tract. So it is accepted that PLPH is prevented by at least 4 hour bed rest after lumbar puncture (LP). If bed rest was unneccessary, the administrative and nursing advantages would be obvious,, especially in neurologic units, whereLP has been done frequently. Therefore, we evaluate the incidence of PLPH in the ambulant and bed-rest patients prospectively and compared the incidence difference between two group. METHODS: Eighty-eight patients without preceding headache who were done lumbar puncture for diagnostic purpose were selected prospectively. We compared the incidence of PLPH between the ambulant (50 patients) and bed-rest group (38 patient,) at 6 hour and 24 hours. We also evaluated the effect of the CSF profile (count of RBC and WBC, protein level and opening pressure) on PLPH. RESULTS: The PLPH was found in 11 cases(12.5%) among bed-rest and ambulant groups. The frequency of each group was 8% (3/38) in bed-rest group and 16%(8/50) in ambulant group, but there is no significant difference between two groups (p-vaIue = 0.26). The frequency of PLPH is also not correlated to the CSF profiles; count of RBC and WBC, protein level, and opening pressure. CONCLUSIONS: There is no significant difference between the ambulant and bed rest group in the frequency of the PLPH. We conclude that the bed rest after LP is unnecessary for the prevention of the PLPH.
Bed Rest* ; Headache ; Humans ; Incidence ; Needles ; Nursing ; Post-Dural Puncture Headache* ; Prospective Studies ; Punctures ; Spinal Puncture

Focal ventricular dilatation of the temporal horn caused by an occlusion of the cerebrospinal fluid pathway at the atrium of the lateral ventricle is a form of non communicating hydrocephalus, and this condition is termed as "entrapment of the temporal horn". The choroid plexus is important central nervous system(CNS) structure, but it is often neglected in pathologic and clinical studies of intracranial diseases. Even though choroid plexitis is very rare, it may be occurred as the resultant of CNS infections and primary choroid plexitis can be associated with bacterial, viral, and parasitic etiologies. Some aspects of the neuroimaging findings of this infection mimick those of a intraventricular neoplasms. The most important neoplasms which should be differentiated, are choroid plexus papilloma and carcinoma. Wherem primary neoplasms of the choroid plexus are well known, but primary infections of the choroid plexus (such as choroid plexitis) are not commonly encountered. Pseudomonas stutzeri infections are especially rare as the causative organism of the choroid plexitis and often have serious underlying disease but generally respond well to treatment with antibiotics. We report a 65-year-old female patient with primary choroid plexitis due to Pseudomonas stutzeri and the findings of her brain computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. In conclusion, our case revealed that choroid plexitis may result in ventricular entrapment and mimick intraventricular tumors. Although it is very rare, when a intraventricular mass was observed in imaging studies and combined with signs and symptoms suggesting CNS infection, choroid plexitis should be considered.
Aged ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Brain ; Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Choroid Plexus ; Choroid* ; Dilatation ; Female ; Horns* ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Lateral Ventricles* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neuroimaging ; Papilloma, Choroid Plexus ; Pseudomonas stutzeri* ; Pseudomonas*

BACKGROUND: Mirror movement is common in young children, and it could be seen in normal adults. Several mechanisms including motor pathway reorganization involved in motor recovery after stroke. Motor pathway reorganization has been reported to be a mechanism in several studies of patients with mirror movement. However, the correlation of motor recovery and mirror movement has been debated. We studied the degree of mirror movement in stroke patients compared with a controlled group to look into their relationship. METHODS: Our controls were 50 adults without neurologic symptoms and signs. The hemiparetic group was comprised 94 patients who had incurred unilateral brain lesion: 36 patients were acute stroke patients, 58 patients were chronic stroke patients. Mirror movements were assessed by three different tasks: abduction of thumb, sequential finger tapping, and grasping. We analyzed mirror movements in controls and patients, and tried to find a correlation between the degree of mirror movement and the recovery of motor power in chronic stroke patients. RESULTS: In controls, male exhibited more frequent mirror movement than female at specific tasks, and there was no difference between tasks of right or left hand. In stroke patients, there was more mirror movement in the nonparetic hand than in the paretic one during the movement of contralateral hand. In acute stroke, the frequency of mirror movement had no variability according to the degree of motor power. The recovery of motor power at a late stage was not correlated with the degree of mirror movement. Consclusions: Motor pathway reorganization seems to be insignificant for motor recovery because the degree of mirror movement was not correlated with the recovery of motor power in this study.
Adult ; Brain ; Child ; Female ; Fingers ; Hand ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Male ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Stroke* ; Thumb

BACKGROUND:In this study, a distribute characteristics on the bispectral coupling of EEG were examined according to the depth of anesthesia by using bispectum analysis a type of nonlinear signal processing. METHODS: 25 patients during the general anesthesia were studied. In the preprocess, base line correction and linear detrend was used. During the awakening state, preoperatively and postoperatively, appearance rate of bispectral coupling was observed that a strong appearance rate was represented in major frequency zone such as (15, 15) Hz but weak appearance rate investigated in the other minor frequency zone. Whilst anesthetized, a strong appearance rate revealed the low frequency range below (10, 10) Hz and a weak appearance rate viewed in the other frequency range. As such was compared with the delta ratio and spectrum edge frequency (SEF). RESULTS: The delta ratio showed significantly lower values at induction (3.60 +/- 0.98) and during the maintenance (5.0+/-1.74) of anaesthesia than preoperatively (10.30 +/- 2.44) and postoperatively (13.03 +/- 2.29)(P < 0.05). These results were consistent with the trend of delta ratio, namely that the index of evaluation for the depth of anesthesia, known as the reflex of the conscious level of patient's during anesthesia. While these results were not consistent with SEF analysis results that the index of evaluation for suppression level of patient's during recovery stage of anesthesia. SEF shows lower values at maintenance (17.00 +/- 1.22) and postoperatively (12.20 +/- 1.53) than preoperatively (22.50 +/- 1.75) and at the induction (22.40 +/- 1.18) of anesthesia(P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The bispectrum analysis method provided useful information about the index of evaluation according to the level of unconsciousness and suppression among other evaluation factor on depth of anesthesia.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General ; Electroencephalography* ; Humans ; Reflex ; Unconsciousness

Ictal blindness is a deficient symptomatology of partial seizure arising from visual cortex and usually short lived. When the blindness is the initial semiology of seizures, epileptic discharge arising from the primary visual cortex is associated. Ictal blindness has been reported in many patients with occipital lobe epilepsy, but prolonged ictal blindness called status epilepticus amauroticus has been reported only in few patients. We report a 45-year-old woman who had suffered prolonged epileptic blindness. The epileptic blindness was accompanied with rapid eyelid blinking and upward turning of head and eyeballs. Motor seizure and mental changes were not occurred. Ictal EEG showed 11-13 Hz repetitive spikes on the right occipital area followed by propagation to ipsilateral temporal area and contralateral occipital area. On T2-weighted MRI, abnormal lesions with high signal intensity were noted within bilateral occipital areas. She had been improved dramatically by loading dose of intravenous phenytoin.
Blindness ; Blinking ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsies, Partial ; Epilepsy ; Eyelids ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Phenytoin ; Seizures ; Status Epilepticus* ; Visual Cortex