No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Testosterone*

Two cases of old unreduced dislocation of shoulder are reported. One was the posterior dislocation for six months with malunited fracture of humeral shaft in thirty degree lateral angulation. Her shoulder and arm aches with limitation of motion remaining only ten degrees in every direction but abduction in thirty degrees, The malunion of humeral shaft and shoulder were reduced surgically in result of eighty degrees abduction, seventy degrees flexion, sixty degrees extension and twenty degrees of external rotation with free of pain. Another case was an anterior dislocation for one year. Her range of shoulder motions are almost normal degree but brachial plaxus compression symptoms. Open reduction in practically Putti-Platt procedure was performed. She became completely free of brachial plexus symptom and ranges of shoulder motion are normal except about fifteen degrees less external rotation than preoperative condition. The surgical indication and the result of treatment were discussed for the the neglected cases of old unreduced dislocation of the shoulder.
Arm ; Brachial Plexus ; Dislocations ; Fractures, Malunited ; Shoulder

The principle of the tension band technique is to counteract the tensile forces acting across the fracture site and to convert them into compressive forces. We have experienced 37 fractures treated with tension band technique from 1975 to 1978 and the results are as followings; 1. 37 Cases of fracture were treated by tension band technique. Eight cases out of 37 were olecranon fractures. 16 cases were patellar fractures. 10 cases were malleclar fractures. and three cases were trochanteric fractures of the femur. 2. As post-operative immobilization, applied cast splint in almost of the cases except application of hip spica cast in trochanteric fracture. 3. The average duration of immobilization in each cases, 12 days in olecranon, two weeks in patella, four weeks in malleolus and six weeks in greater trochanter respectively. 4. The radiological union was obtained in seven weeks in olecranon, six weeks in patella, eight weeks in malleolus and six weeks in greater trochanter. 5. As complication, one case of nonunion in olecranon, one case of infection and, one case of wire breakage in patella and one case of traumatic arthritis in malleolus were noted, which needed further surgery. 6. In conclusion, tension band wiring is considered as a good method for the fractures involving joing, olecranon, patella, and malleolus because the technique has advantages such as rigid internal fixation, shortening the duration of immobilization and fracture healing and early mobilization of the neighboring joints.
Arthritis ; Early Ambulation ; Femur ; Fracture Healing ; Hip ; Hip Fractures ; Immobilization ; Joints ; Methods ; Olecranon Process ; Patella ; Splints

No abstract available.
Blattellidae* ; Child* ; Humans

Five patients with “definite” or “classical” rheumatoid arthritis who had failed to respond to salicylates, non-steroid anti-inflmmatory agents, steroids, and gold, were treated with D-Penicillamine. In a follow-up ranging from 3 weeks to 4 months, two patients had complete remission and one had major improvement. In one patient penicillamine had to be discontinued because of side effects and in another the time interval is too short at this reporting to assess the results.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Penicillamine ; Salicylates ; Steroids

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this present study was to compare mouse embryo development in 3 commercial media and hatching competence of mouse embryo with or without enzymatic treatment. METHODS: Collected 375 mouse embryos were divided into three groups, and then cultured in IVF-20 (G2), Medicult IVF (M3), P-1 (blastocyst M), respectively. Three day mouse morulae were cultured in G2 media treated with pronase. The results were analyzed using Chi-square test, and considered statistically significant when p<0.01. RESULTS: The developmental rate of 2 cell mouse embryo after 72 hours was highest in IVF-20 (G2) among conventional 3 media. The hatching rate of mouse morulae was low when clultured in G2 media without pronase during 48 hours. However, it was higher when cultured in media treated with l mg/ml, 2.5 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml pronase, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Using good media and digestion of zona pellucida with enzymatic treatment improve development and hatching rate of embryo. Therefore, implantation and pregnancy rate could be improved.
Animals ; Digestion ; Embryonic Development ; Embryonic Structures* ; Female ; Mental Competency ; Mice* ; Morula ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Pronase* ; Zona Pellucida

In recent years, with the increasing use of ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT), a large number of renal cell carcinoma has been founded incidentally for a variety of occasions. We reviewed 107 cases of renal cell carcinoma treated surgically from 1988 to 1995, and compared symptomatically suspected group (62 cases) to incidentally detected group (45 cases). The groups were compared according to stage, grade, tumor size, age, sex, laterality and survival rate. The chief imaging methods of detection were ultrasonography (80%), IVP (11%), CT (9%). The main reasons for examination leading to the diagnosis in incidentally detected group were follow-up of other diseases (58%), general health check (31%), and follow-up of unrelated symptoms (11%). The frequency of incidentally detected renal cell carcinoma was increased from 29% (1988-1991) to 48% (1992-1995). The tumor stage and grade were lower in incidentally detected group than suspected group, and tumor size was smaller in incidentally detected group. The 2-year disease free survival rate in incidentally detected group tended to be better (95% vs 68%). So screening test with ultrasonography to detect renal cell carcinoma at an early stage, may be essential.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Diagnosis ; Disease-Free Survival ; Follow-Up Studies ; Mass Screening ; Survival Rate ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVES: Anticardiolipin antibody (ACA) and lupus anticoagulant (LA) are acquired antiphospholipid antibodies (APAs), which are regarded as important risk factors far vascular thrombosis and recurrent fetal loss. Although the clinical relevance of APAs in dialysis patients is uncertain, recent studies have suggested that APAs are involved in bioincompatibility and thrombogenic complications in hemadialysis (HD) patients. METHOD: We performed a cross sectional study of ACA and LA in 50 stable HD patients and their 68 vascular accesses (52 native arteriovenous fistulae and 16 synthetic arterovenous grafts), with the analysis of factors associated with the presence of APAs and the retrospective evaluation of vascular access occlusion (VAO). LA was assessed by platelet neutralization method whereas IgG-ACA was measured by a solid phase ELISA. Values higher than 23GPLU/ml (IgG phospholipid units) were considered to be positive for IgG-ACA and positive values for LA was more than 8 seconds in prolongation of the clotting time with human platelet lysate. Vascular access survival was assessed by Kaplan- Meier method, RESULTS: The mean age of the subject (M:F 21:29) was 46 years and the mean duration of hemodialysis was 49 months. The frequency of VAO in entire subjects was 0.45+/-0.98 episodes/patient year. The median value of IgG-ACA was 16.0 GPLU/ml with a distribution from 2.7 to 46.1GPLU/ ml. The median titer of I.A was 4.5 (3.1-45.6) seconds. Fourteen patients (28%) were found to have at least one episode of VAO. In spite of comparable clinical and biochemical data according to the presence of VAO, the titers of IgG-ACA (13.6+/-7.7 vs, 20.3+/-8.7GPLIJ/ml, P<0.05) and LA (4.5+/-2.9 vs. 11.7 +/-12.6sec, P<0.05) were significantly higher in VAO group. Six out of 50 patients(12%) had an increased titer of IgG-ACA and LA was found in 11 patients(22%). No patients were positive for ACA and LA simultaneously. There was no significant difference in sex, etiology of ESRD, diabetic status, the dosage of heparin during HD or the amount of erythropoietin administered according to the presence of APAs. We could not find any significant correlation between the titer of APAs and age, duration of dialysis, blood pressure, platelet count and biochemical parameters. In the patients with positive ACA, the frequency of VAO was 1.05+/-0.12 episodes/patient year, which was significantly higher than patients without ACA (0.33+/-0.17 episodes/ patient year, P<0.05). In the patients with the presence of LA(1.06+/-0.43 vs. 0.12+/-0.06 episodes/ patients year, P<0.01). The median vascular access survival time in IgG-ACA positive patients (32.7 months) was significantly decreased compared to 66.8 months in IgG-ACA negative group. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the presence of APAs (ACA and/or LA) affects the event-free vascular access survival in HD patients. Therefore the evaluation of APAs status have to be included in the diagnostic strategies for the patients with recurrent VAO. Further studies are necessary to explore the pharmacologic intervention method to decrease APAs and prevent VAO in HD patients.
Antibodies, Anticardiolipin* ; Antibodies, Antiphospholipid ; Arteriovenous Fistula ; Blood Platelets ; Blood Pressure ; Dialysis ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Erythropoietin ; Heparin ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor* ; Platelet Count ; Renal Dialysis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Thrombosis

PURPOSE: To evaluate the precision of measurements of distances and angle in the cross-sectional views of linear tomogram of panorama and to assess the technique for visualizing the mandibular canal. METHODS: Ten dry mandibles were radiographically examined with 3 continuous cross-sectional views of linear tomogram of panorama and 4 continuous computed tomograms. The distance between the superior border of canal and alveolar crest and the bucco-lingual width of alveolar bone at the level of the superior border of canal and the angle between the two lines above were measured. Measurements were performed by radiologist and implantologist group and compared with measurements on computed radiograms of the same areas. RESULTS: The measurements differences for the distance of alveolar bone height between in panorama and in CT showed 0.9mm+/-0.6mm by radiologists and 1.3mm+/-0.8mm by implantologists. There was no statistically significant difference between two groups' measurements. The differences in measurements for the distance of alveolar bone width between in panorama and in CT showed 0.5mm+/-0.8mm by radiologists and 2.5mm+/-1.4 mm by implantologists. There was significant difference (p<0.05) between two groups' measurements. The average bucco-lingual inclination of alveolar bone above mandibular canal was average 95.8degrees in CT. The difference of measurements between two groups was average 1+/-0.9degrees. Three cross-sectional views of panorama could show that the mandibular canal crosses antero-lingually and slopes inferiorly from the posterior segment of the mandible. Conclusions : The measurements in the linear tomogram of panorama by radiologists gave the accurate values of the distances and the angle compared with the values in computed tomograms.
Mandible*