The meniscus has improtant functions of shock absorption, load transmission, lubrication and significant contribution to stability of the knee. Accordingly, repair rather than excision can be expectd to be satisfactory and functional teatment for knee joint. We had Repaired 56 cases of meniscal tears from March, 1987 to September of 1992, among which 42 cases were followed up for at least 12 months to 60 months at most(in average 36 months). The results were as follows; 1) In medial meniscal tears, 26 cases were acute, while five were chronic. As for the lateral meniscus, acute and chronic teats were observed in nine and two cases, respectively. 2) Eleven of the 35 acute tears were associated with anterior cruciate ligament tears, while three of seven chronic tears were associated with anterior cruciate ligament tears. 3) Second-look arthroscopic examinations were performed on nine repaired cases. Retears occurred in two cases and seven cases revealed healing at repair sites. 4) Two cases(5%) out of 42 repaired menisci were return during follow-up. One was a case of isolated meniscal tear and the other was associated with rupture of anterior cruciate ligament. 5) Two return cases were repaired in the chronic stage of more than one year after trauma. 6) The standing radiographs which were taken in full extension and 45 flexion on eight out of 13 patients, who had been followed up for more than 4 years showed intact joint space without narrowing.
Absorption ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee Joint ; Knee ; Lubrication ; Male ; Menisci, Tibial ; Rupture ; Shock ; Tears

Based on our experience with 23 frontotemporal reconstructions performed, this paper attempts to provide guidelines for appropriate selection among the four most commonly employed materials (e.g., autogenous parietal bone, silicone rubber, methylmethacrylate, and porous polyethylene) so that optimal results can be achieved. Clinical follow-up ranged from 6 to 91 months (mean 32 months). Every patient was analyzed clinically by ordinary scale method. The mean defect size was 134.8 cm2 in the silicone rubber, 36.5 cm2 in the methylmethacrylate, 17.4 cm2 in the autogenous bone graft and 7.3 cm2 in the porous polyethylene. The clinical assessment was excellent (mean, 29.3 points) in silicone rubber, excellent (mean, 28.6 points) in autogenous bone, excellent (mean, 26.8 points) in methylmethacrylate, and good (mean, 24.8 points) in polyethylene. To sum up, a large bony defect of congenital calvarial anomaly produced an excellent result using custom-made silicone implant. A relatively small bony defect with a scarred bed produced an excellent result using autogenous parietal bone grafting. Unexpected and medium-sized defect was reconstructed successfully through a simple procedure using methylmethacrylate. Porous Polyethylene was used at an incidental small defect because of its expensiveness.
Cicatrix ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Methylmethacrylate ; Parietal Bone ; Polyethylene ; Silicone Elastomers ; Transplants

PURPOSE: To report the results of acetabular revisions performed with the cementless, hemi-spherical porous coated component supported by viable host bone and minimal allobone graft for acetabular deficiencies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was completed for 22-revision acetabular components, using the cementless hemispherical porous coated prosthesis and minimal femoral head allograft. There was an average follow up of 48 months, with a range of 24 to 84 months. Radiographic measurements were performed in several aspects; cup-allograft contact, inclination, vertical and horizontal migration of acetabular cup, and acetabular zone by modified zone of DeLee and Charnley, in which location, size and progression or non-progression of radiolucent zone were recorded. The acetabular deficiencies were classified by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Committee and were type I in 2 hips (9%), type II in 12 hips (55%), and type III in 8 hips (36%). Twenty acetabular cup cases of Harris-Galante II were used in this study, 1 case of Harris- Galante I, and 1 case of Duraloc. The average size of the cup was 57(44-66) mm. RESULTS: The average cup-allograft contact was 72.5% in 19 cases and we could not differentiate the margin between the host bone and the allograft in 3 cases. There was no significant vertical or horizontal migration of acetabular cup. Radiolucent zones in follow-up radiographs were 8 cases in zone IA, 4 cases in zone IB, 4 cases in zone IIB, 9 cases in zone IIC, 8 cases in zone IIIA, and 7 cases in zone IIIB. One case showed 2 mm radiolucent area in zone IIC and another case showed 3 mm radiolucent area in zone IIB, but the radiolucencies were not progressive. The remaining cases showed less than 0.5 mm radiolucent area or no radiolucent zone. The average period of bony incorporation was 13.1 months. CONCLUSIONS: We suppose that acetabular revision with the cementless hemispherical porous coated cup supported by viable host bone and minimal bone graft produces good results.
Acetabulum* ; Allografts ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head ; Hip ; Prostheses and Implants* ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplants

The analysis of 48 infants of congenital torticollis and the result of their conservative treatment are reported. The abnormalities of their neck were noticed by mothers within three months of infant life but mostly at three to four weeks. The ratio of male to female was 9:7 and incidence of right and left was 30 to 18. The mass located mostly(50%) at middle third of the sternocleidomastoid muscle belly. The prominence of incidence were noticed on the abnormality of fetal position in the uterus, mode of delivery and also on the baby of elderly primipara. About 67% of cases were breech(46%) and transverse(21%) position prenatally and 67% were delivered by forceps(41.7%), vacum and induction(12.5%each). The age of mother at delivery has close relationship between congenital torticollis with about two third of them are born of 29–34 year old mother and primipara infants were 61%. For the treatment, daily stretch exercises of affected sternocleidomastoid muscle was done by physical therapist for 20–30 times in two separate session. The effect can be noticed by the gradual correction of rotation deformity first and then the mass become soften and smaller. The next change is the correction of deviation deformity but the mass remain last. However, the mass remaining one fourth of original size was absorbed spontaneously without further treatment. The result of complete cure in ten weeks of treatment were 43(90%) out of 48 patients and the remianing five cases required for 15 weeks of treatment. In conclusion the congenital torticollis can be treated effectively by stretch exercises when it began within three months of age of the patient. A hundred per cent effect of cure may be obtained in ten weeks of treatment in case of initial treatment is begin within four weeks of age and required for 15 weeks of treatment on 4–12 weeks old infants.
Aged ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Exercise ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Male ; Mothers ; Neck ; Physical Therapists ; Torticollis ; Uterus

Congenital mesoblastic nephroma(CMN) is an important differential diagnosis of a renal mass occurring in the newborn or in early childhood. It was first described by Bolande as a separate disease entity distinct form Wilms' tumor. In 1974, Beckwith has predicted that this tumor has a pathologic spectrum with classic congenital mesoblastic nephroma at one extreme, unequivocally mallignant spindle cell sarcomas at the other, and intermediate "gray zone" lesions of indeterminate biologic significanse. In 1986, Joshi has described "atypical mesoblastic nephroma" as a potentially aggressive variant of CMN, which shows atypical gross and microscopic features such as hemorrhage, necrosis, high cellularity, and mitotic index. We report of a case of atypical mesoblastic nephroma presenting in a 38 days-old male infant. Grossly, the tumor involved the upper and midportion of the left kidney. On section, the cut surface was fleshy, grayish-white, and homogeneous. Microscopically, the tumorshowed high degree of cellularity and arrangement of fusiform cells in sheets and vague interlacing bundles. The individual tumor cells showed fusiform to oval nuclei, indistinct scanty pale-eosinophilic cytoplasm and many mitotic figures.
Infant ; Child ; Male ; Female ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Diagnosis, Differential

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma is histologically characterized by marked cellular pleomorphism of lipid-laden neoplastic astrocytes and bizarre giant cells showing mitotic figures and high cellularity. Inspite of its ominous-looking microscopic features, howerver, the prognosis is usually favorable. This tumor develops mainly in the supratentorial area of young people and frequently involves the leptomeninges. We experienced a case of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma in 18 year-old-male. In addition to the cellular pleomophism, the prominent reticulin fibers surround the individual tumor cells or the tumor cells nests. Immunohistochemical staining and electron microscopy revealed glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) expression and pericytoplasmic basal lamina in the tumor cells.

PURPOSE: The Purposes of this study are to identify the circulating etiologic viruses of acute lower respiratory tract infection in children and to understand the relation with clinical diagnosis. METHODS: We obtained a total of 418 nasopharyngeal aspirates from children admitted for their acute lower respiratory tract infections at three tertiary hospitals in Seoul from September 2008 to March 2009. We performed multiplex RT-PCR to identify 14 etiologic viruses and analyzed their emerging patterns and clinical features. RESULTS: Average age of patients was 16.4 months old and the ratio of male to female was 1.36. Viruses were detected in 56.2% of a total of 418 samples. Respiratory syncytial virus (35%) was the most frequently detected and followed by human rhinovirus (22%), human bocavirus, adenovirus, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza virus, influenza virus and human coronavirus. Co-infection reached 21.9% of positive patients. CONCLUSION: When we manage the patients with acute lower respiratory infectious diseases, we should remind the role of various viral pathogens, which might be circulating by seasons and by local areas.
Adenoviruses, Human ; Child ; Coinfection ; Communicable Diseases ; Coronavirus ; Female ; Human bocavirus ; Humans ; Male ; Metapneumovirus ; Orthomyxoviridae ; Paramyxoviridae Infections ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; Respiratory System ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Rhinovirus ; Seasons ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Viruses

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to compare the PET and CT findings for patients with a pulmonary lymphangitic metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the PET and CT findings of seven patients diagnosed with a pulmonary lymphangitic metastasis between May 2005 and May 2007. RESULTS: All patients had interstitial thickening, as seen on a CT scan, while the PET scans showed abnormal findings in only three patients. In these three patients, one patient had interlobular septal thickening of more than 10, another patient had interlobular septal thickening of more than 5 but less than 10, and another patient had interlobular septal thickening of less than 5. All of the patients had bronchovascular bundle thickening. However, among the four patients that had normal FDG uptake, no patient had interlobular septal thickening of more than 10, two of the patients had interlobular septal thickening of more than 5 but less than 10, and the remaining patients had interlobular septal thickening of less than 5. Only two of the patients had bronchovascular bundle thickening. CONCLUSION: All patients with pulmonary lymphangitic metastasis have typical CT findings, but some of the patients had FDG uptake, as seen in the PET scans. Thus, CT is a more useful modality for diagnosis for pulmonary lymphangitic metastases.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Notch stenosis had been thought to be related with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the possible relationship between notch stenosis and ACL injury. We measured the notch seen on the axial section in MRI at popliteal groove. We have retrospectively analyzed 116 cases of knee MRI. All cases were divided into three groups ; Group I were fifty six normal knee. Group II were thirty knee with contact ACL injuries. Group III were thirty knee with non contact ACL injuries. The result were as follows; 1. Statistically significant difference was found in the notch width index (NWI) between group I and group III but no significant differences was found in the NWI between group I and group II. 2. Statistically significant correlation to non-contact ACL injuries was found in the NWI at both anterior and posterior outlet of the notch. 3. An unique shape of the notch was found in the majority of group III.There seemed to be an obvious relationship between notch stenosis and non-contact ACL injuries.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Knee ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Retrospective Studies

A patient with extraskeletal cervical epidural Ewing's sarcoma who presented with cervical radiculopathy is reported. A 58-year-old woman presented with right posterolateral neck pain and upper extremity radiculopathy. The computed tomography myelography showed epidural and paravertebral masses on right side, with widening of the ipsilateral neural foramina at the C2-C3 level. On magnetic resonance images, the mass was isointense to soft tissue on T1-weighted images, hyperintense on T2-weighted images, and showed diffuse enhancement on GdTA enhanced T1-weighted images. The staged, combined posterior and anterior approach were done and the tumor mass was subtotally removed. During postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with Cytoxane, Adriamycin, Vincristine, Prednisolone regimen, the patient died of severe compression of upper cervical cord by recurrent, extended tumor mass in the spinal canal.
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Cyclophosphamide ; Doxorubicin ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Myelography ; Neck Pain ; Prednisolone ; Radiculopathy ; Sarcoma, Ewing* ; Spinal Canal ; Upper Extremity ; Vincristine