No abstract available.
Subcutaneous Tissue*

No abstract available.
Follow-Up Studies* ; Lower Extremity*

Fractures of the tibial shaft are the most common among the long bone fractures, and have much difficulty in treatment due to their numerous complications. Thirty patients with fractures of the tibial shaft were treated with Ender nails under the image intensifier at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yeungnam University Hospital from December 1986 to November 1991. The following results were observed. 1. The average age was 37.3 years and the number of male was three times of the female. The most common cause was traffic accident. 2. Twenty cases out of thirty one were closed fracture and the remaining 11 were open. The comminuted and segmental fractures were 18 (57.7%) in number and the most common fracture site was the middle one third (53%). 3. Average interval from injury to operation was 7.6 days and 19 cases showed associated injuries. 4. The mean duration of the bone union was 18.9 weeks and 2 cases showed the delayed union. 5. Twelve complications were noted such as shortening, varus deformity, delayed union, ankle motion limitation, nail irritation, and soft tissue infection.
Accidents, Traffic ; Ankle ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Female ; Fractures, Bone ; Fractures, Closed ; Humans ; Male ; Orthopedics ; Soft Tissue Infections ; Tibia*

No abstract available.
Acceleration* ; Lasers, Semiconductor* ; Wound Healing* ; Wounds and Injuries*

PURPOSE: As the number of children who attend child care centers has increased, concerns has increased about the effect of child day care on childhood illness. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between experience in child care and common infectious diseases in children under 5 years of age. METHODS: Data were collected by surveying 1,000 respondents with children under age 5 through online interviews using a structured questionnaire. The contents of the survey were composed of demographic characteristics, child care facilities usage, experience in infectious diseases, and immunization status. RESULTS: Among the 1,000 children <5 years of age, 78.5% attended a child care facility. Rates of common communicable illnesses were higher in children in child care than for children reared exclusively at home. The predominant communicable diseases which the respondents' children experienced, in order of decreasing frequency, were gastroenteritis (47.1%), otitis media (41.8%) and pneumonia (19.1%). The immunization rate of vaccines that are not included the national immunization program (NIP) (Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine - 76.6%, hepatitis A vaccine - 63.3%, pneumococcal vaccine - 59.4%, rotavirus vaccine - 43.1%) was lower than that of the NIP vaccines (90.4%). CONCLUSION: Children in child care experience more bouts of common infectious disease, so nationwide policies to prevent or to control the spread of infectious agents in a child-care should be available and appropriate immunization should be emphasized as the most effective method for the control of infectious disease for children.
Child ; Child Care ; Communicable Diseases ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Day Care, Medical ; Gastroenteritis ; Hepatitis A Vaccines ; Humans ; Immunization ; Immunization Programs ; Influenza, Human ; Otitis Media ; Pneumonia ; Rotavirus ; Vaccination ; Vaccines

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency, epidemiology and the clinical manifestation of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infection in Korean children. METHODS: From February 2010 to January 2012, we collected nasopharyngeal aspiration from 1,554 children who were hospitalized for acute lower respiratory tract infections at the Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital. hMPV was detected by performing reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The medical records of the patients with positive results were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: We detected hMPV in 99 of the 1,554 hospitalized children. The mean age of the hMPV infected children was 25 months, and 87% of the illnesses occurred between April and June. The most common diagnoses were pneumonia (73%) and bronchiolitis (16%). The clinical manifestations included cough, fever, respiratory distress, hoarseness, tachypnea, and wheezing. Coinfection with other respiratory viruses was found in 43 children (43%). CONCLUSION: hMPV is one of the major virus causing acute respiratory tract infection in the age between 13 months and 48 months old with peaks during April to June. Reports of hMPV in Korea has been increasing but additional studies are required to define the epidemiology and the extent of disease caused by hMPV to determine future development of this illness in Korean children.
Bronchiolitis ; Child ; Child, Hospitalized ; Coinfection ; Cough ; Fever ; Hoarseness ; Humans ; Korea ; Medical Records ; Metapneumovirus ; Pediatrics ; Pneumonia ; Respiratory Sounds ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Retrospective Studies ; Tachypnea ; Viruses

In order to evaluate the genotoxic hazard among workers potentially exposed to low level petrochemical substances, the analyses of micronuclei (MN) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in lymphocytes were performed in 46 male workers (as exposed group) and 46 nonexposed subjects (as control group). Mean frequencies of MN and SCEs (respectively, 12.9/1000 cells and 6.5/cell) in exposed group were very significantly higher than those (10.2/1000 cells and 5.4/cell) in control group. And there were also significant differences in mean frequencies of MN and SCEs adjusted for age, employment duration, smoking, and drinking between two groups. Median frequencies of MN and SCEs in exposed group were very significantly higher than those in control group. Frequencies of SCEs were higher in smokers than in non-smoker. Frequencies of MN in smokers, however, were similiar to those of non-smoker. Interaction between exposure and smoking on MN and SCEs induction was not observed. The results suggest that there is genotoxic hazard in high risk group like workers handling carcinogens in petrochemical plants and the analyses of MN and SCEs are useful biomarkers for the exposure to hazard substances even at the level below the exposure limit.
Biological Markers ; Carcinogens ; Drinking ; Employment ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Sister Chromatid Exchange ; Smoke ; Smoking

No abstract available.
Burns* ; Granulation Tissue*

The extensive knowledge of accurate anatomical morphology and acceptable proportion of the eyelid and orbit should be needed for plastic surgeons. The normal morphological and functional values of eyelids and orbits are variable according to races, sex and ages, and there are a few articles concerning them in Korea yet. The author measured eigt items of morphological and functional values of eyelids in Koreans and statistically analyzed them in 498 individuals including 234 males and 264 females. We divided them into nine age-related groups and measured the values. Especially, we subdivided 10 to 19 year-old group into three subgroup concretely because most of the values in the 10 to 19 year-old group reach the peak level of growth. The mean values in adults were recorded as follows: The horizontal dimension of the palpebral fissure was 27.0 +/- 1.8 mm in males and 26.8 +/- 1,7 mm in females and the vertical dimension of the palpebral fissure was 8.0 +/- 1.0 mm in female. The slant of the palpebral fissure was 7.9 +/- 2.4 degrees in males and 8.8 +/- 2.3 degrees in females and the height of the opened upper eyelid was 12.4 +/- 2.4 mm in males and 12.0 +/- 1.9 mm in females. The height of double fold in closed eye was 6.6 mm in males and 6.5 mm in femals and the intercanthal distance was 38.4 +/- 3.0 mm in males and 38.2 +/- 2.8 mm in females. The interpupillary distance was 64.6 +/- 2.9 mm in males and 63.6 +/- 2.9 mm in females. A double fold was seen in 36.1% of Korean. The average height of the double fold in closed eye was about 6.5 mm. The epicanthus present in 58.6% of Korean eyes and the most commom type was epicantus tarsalis. The growth of eyelids reached the peak level at teenager in a great portion. After the peak level, the changing pattern of eyelids could be divided into 3 groups; the first one was increasing more, the second was stationary, and the third was decreasing gradually. The peak levle of growth reached at 10 to 13-year-old in the vertical dimension of the palpebral fissure, at 14 to 16-year-old in the intercanthal distance, at 17 to 19-year-old in the horizontal dimension of the palpebral fissure.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Continental Population Groups ; Eyelids* ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Orbit* ; Vertical Dimension ; Young Adult

Zonisamide was administered to 20 patients with refractory epileptic seizures. The mean duration of the administration was 6 months, and the mean dosage was 7.2 mg/kg/day. The efficacy of zonisamide was rated remarkable in 15% of the cases, improvement in 40%, and no change in 45%. The response rates of zonisamide were 62.5% for myoclonic seizures, 50% for tonic-clonic seizures, 80% for atonic seizures and 33.3% for atypical absence seizures. There was no correlation between the clinical response and dose or serum concentration of the drug. The adverse effects were observed in 35% of the cases which were drowsiness, dizziness, ataxia, nausea, and vomiting. In all cases, however, the administration of zonisamide could be continued.
Ataxia ; Child* ; Dizziness ; Epilepsy* ; Epilepsy, Absence ; Humans ; Nausea ; Seizures ; Sleep Stages ; Vomiting