In this study, the feasibility of identification and genotypic differentiation of enteroviruses was investigated by using nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (nested RT-PCR), single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP), and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) techniques. Two hundred seventy-four clinical samples were assayed by both nested RT-PCR and tube culture method using MRC-5 and MK cells; 58 (86.6%) out of 67 enterovirus culture-positive samples contained enteroviral RNA. In addition, 114 (55.1%) of 207 samples from patients with suspected enteroviral CNS disease with negative viral cultures were positive by the nested RT-PCR. The nested RT-PCR products were genotyped by the SSCP method and the results were compared with serotypes. We could differentiate 6 subtypes, 3 of which are similar to coxsackievirus B3, B5, echovirus 11, plus 3 other subtypes. RFLP cleaved with Sty I, Bgl I, and Xmn I yielded characteristic patterns for each laboratory strains. This study demonstrates the usefulness of the RT-PCR for the rapid diagnosis of enterovirus infection and the potentials of the SSCP method for differentiation of enterovirus strains.
Central Nervous System Diseases ; Diagnosis ; Enterovirus B, Human ; Enterovirus Infections ; Enterovirus* ; Genotype* ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; RNA

Among multple injured patients, the incidence of head injuries combined with long bone fracture is high. In adults who present with long bone fracture and concomitant head injury, the exuberant callus at fracture site was formed. The authors analyzed 26 cases of lower extremity fracure with severe head injury from January 1987 to December 1988. For the control group, we analyzed each 20 patients of only femur and tibia fractures. The results of this study are as follows:1. The mean age of experimental and control group were 38.4 yrs old and 40.1 yrs old, respectively. The sex ratio between male and female of experimental and control group were 2.3:1 and 2.7:1, respectively. 2. The initial level of consciousness by Glasgow coma scale was mild impairement 12%, moderate impairement 65% and severe impairement 23%. 3. Serum calium and phosphate level were no specific difference between the head injury with lower extremity fractured patients and only lower extremity fractured patients, but there was increment of serum alkaline phosphatase level on post-trauma 1 month in head injury cases. 4. The pattern of callus formation in experimental group was different compared with control group. 5. The formation of callus was exuberant in the severe head iniury with femur fracture. 6. In experimental group, there was evidence of early bony union time compared with control group, but there was no statistical significance (p<0.05). In conclusion, the callus formation was exuberant in the head injury with femur fractured patient, there was different healing response compared with control group.
Adult ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Bony Callus ; Consciousness ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Extremities ; Female ; Femur ; Fractures, Bone ; Glasgow Coma Scale ; Head ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Sex Ratio ; Tibia

PURPOSE: To study the MR findings to predict the site of dural attachment in meningiomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed MR findings of 23 patients with surgically confirmed meningiomas and analysed the characteristics of dural attachment site of meningiomas and tumor growing vector against dura. RESULTS: In the 10 cases that tumor had a single dural base, the dural base was tumor bed. in the 2 cases that tumor had more than two dural bases, wider, irregular and thicker enhancing dura was tumor bed. In the 7 of the 11 cases of diffuse dural bases with tumor, we could predict tumor bed considering the degree of compression to the brain parenchyma and the tumor growing vector. CONCLUSIONS: In the case of tumor having more than two surfaces contacting the dura or with narrow attachment site, it is possible to predict the site of dural attachment if we consider the characteristrics of dural attachment site and tumor growing vector against dura.
Brain ; Humans ; Meningioma* ; Retrospective Studies

Presented a 39 year old man of cerebral malaria and pertinent literature were reviewed briefly. The patient was admitted because of fever and drowsy mental state. On admission, there were mild icteric sclerae and hepatomegaly. Brain C-T scan was normal. The cerebrospinal fluid study showed increased pressure (280 mmH20), and protein content (150 mg/dl) with mild pleocytosis. The EEG revealed diffuse delta waves throughout the head. At the 3rd hospital day, the patient was rapidly deteriorated to comatous state showing marked hyperbilirubinemia, thrombocytopenia and bleeding tendency and expired. Numerous plasmodium falciparum parasites were revealed in the peripheral blood smear.
Adult ; Brain ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Electroencephalography ; Fever ; Head ; Hemorrhage ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia ; Leukocytosis ; Malaria, Cerebral* ; Parasites ; Plasmodium falciparum ; Sclera ; Thrombocytopenia

No abstract available.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Humans

We measured the degree of immunity of 326 Korean children to rubella virus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assy (ELISA). They were admitted to Pediatrics Unit of Yonsei Medical Center between April and July, 1980 with various illnesses excluding rubella disease. Among the 326 tested, 172 cases gave a positive titer of antibodies (mainly, IgG and IgM antibodies) and 127 had IgG antibody against rubella virus antigen. These represented 52.8% and 39.0%, respectively, of the total number of children tested. There was no significant difference in the rate of positivity between sex, but the positive rate increased as the age increased. The antobody titers of positive individuals to rubella virus were higher among the older children. Results and a brief outline of the ELISA method for serodiagnosis of rubella in clinical use will be discussed.
Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Antibodies, Viral/analysis* ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay* ; Female ; Human ; Immunoenzyme Techniques* ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Korea ; Male ; Rubella/immunology ; Rubella virus/immunology*

SS-cream is a topical agent containing 9 oriental herbs for treating the premature ejaculation. In preclinical tria1, SS-cream has been effective in the treatment of premature ejaculation with only mild side effect of local penile burning sense, and other serious complications were not noted, but there were no exact histopathologic effects as for topical applying. Therefore. we investigated the local and systemic histopathologic effects of SS-cream after applying the SS-cream on glans penis with the rabbits(n=38) and white rats(n=10). SS-cream exhibited no histopathologic changes in the glans penis with temporary application. In long-term application(3-5 months) of the SS-cream on glans penis, there was a transient lymphocytes infiltration and mild congestion at submucous layer of the glans penis, which was subsided spontaneously in a 7 days later after the end of study. But these phenomena were not seen in group which the SS-cream was washed away 30 minutes later with applying on the glans penis. The other systemic histopathologic changes(testes, kidney, liver and spleen) were not seen in any experiments. With these results, we can conclude that there were no significant local and systemic histopathological changes in the temporary and long-term application of SS-cream on glans penis, and the SS-cream is proven safe for treating the premature ejaculation without untoward local and systemic histopathologic changes if it is respectively washed away 30 minutes later after the application on the glans penis.
Animals ; Burns ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Kidney ; Liver ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Penis* ; Premature Ejaculation ; Rats*

PURPOSE: To review the results of resections of heterotopic ossification around the hip in patients with central nervous system injuries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Heterotopic ossification was resected in ten hips of eight patients and followed for at least one year. Average age was 38.1 years (range, 21-56 years). We reviewed the charts and the radiographs for overall patient function, location of the lesion, radiographic evidence of maturation and any recurrence. Heterotopic ossification was resected regardless of the result of bone scan. RESULTS: All patients showed improved function. Three minimal recurrences and one moderate recurrence were identified at the last follow-up radiography, but the range of motion had not decreased due to recurrence. CONCLUSION: Severe heterotopic ossification around the hip in patients with spastic paralysis was resected, and it was found that the range of motion was improved in all patients and that the chance of recurrence was minimal, even though the bone scan showed hot uptake on the bone scan.
Adult* ; Central Nervous System ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip Joint ; Hip* ; Humans ; Muscle Spasticity* ; Ossification, Heterotopic* ; Paralysis ; Radiography ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Recurrence

Purpose: Intraoral scanners, desktop scanners, and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) are being used in a complementary way for diagnosis and treatment planning. Limited patient-based results are available about dimensional reproducibility among different three-dimensional imaging systems. This study aimed to evaluate dimensional reproducibility among patient-derived digital models created from an intraoral scanner, desktop scanner, and two CBCT systems. Materials and Methods: Twenty-nine arches from sixteen patients who were candidates for implant treatments were enrolled. Different types of CBCT systems (KCT and VCT) were used before and after the surgery. Polyvinylsiloxane impressions were taken on the enrolled arches after the healing period. Gypsum casts were fabricated and scanned with an intraoral scanner (CIOS) and desktop scanner (MDS). Four test groups of digital models, each from CIOS, MDS, KCT, and VCT, respectively, were compared to the reference gypsum cast group. For comparison of linear measurements, intercanine and intermolar widths and left and right canine to molar lengths were measured on individual gypsum cast and digital models. All measurements were triplicated, and the averages were used for statistics.Bland–Altman plots were drawn to assess the degree of agreement between each test group with the reference gypsum cast group. A linear mixed model was used to analyze the fixed effect of the test groups compared to the reference group (α=0.05).Result: The Bland–Altman plots showed that the bias of each test group was –0.07 mm for CIOS, –0.07 mm for MDS, –0.21 mm for VCT, and –0.25 mm for KCT. The linear mixed model did not show significant differences between the test and reference groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The linear distances measured on the digital models created from CIOS, MDS, and two CBCT systems showed slightly larger than the references but clinically acceptable reproducibility for diagnosis and treatment planning.reproducibility for diagnosis and treatment planning.plots showed that the bias of each test group was –0.07 mm for CIOS, –0.07 mm for MDS,

Ischemic colitis represents most common form of gastrointestinal ischemia, usually developed in elderly or debilitated patient with a variety of underlying medical problems. The presumed etiologies are numerous. It usually presents as an acute abdominal illness with bloody diarrhea. Subacute ischemic colitis in healthy adults develops spontaneously in the absence of major vasculature occlusion, and the original insult precipitating the ischemic event usually cannot be established. Diagnosis is based on the clinical symptom, barium study, colonoscopic and histopathologic findings. Therapy and outcome are depen-dent on the severity of disease. It usually requires only medical management and is asso-ciated a good prognosis. We report a case of subacute ischemic colitis in healthy adults developed after severe watery diarrhea with literatures.
Adult ; Aged ; Barium ; Colitis, Ischemic* ; Colon ; Diagnosis ; Diarrhea* ; Humans ; Ischemia ; Prognosis