Anesthesia, Local ; Bicuspid ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Humans ; Incidence ; Nerve Block

Since Sampson first described the development of ovarian carcinoma in endometriosis in 1925, numerous case reports have documented the development of malignancies arising from foci of endometriosis. Clear cell carcinoma arising from endometriosis is very rare in the vulva. To date only two cases that originated in the vulva have been reported. We report a case of clear cell carcinoma in the vulva arising from endometriosis with a brief review of literatures.
Endometriosis* ; Female ; Vulva*

Hemangioendotheliomas are vascular neoplasms characterized by histologic appearance that are intermediate between hemangiomas and angiosarcomas first described by Weiss and Enzinger in 1982. They are classified into at least 3 subgroups, including epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, spindle cell hemangioendothelioma, and malignant endovascular angioendothelioma, and have been reported principally in soft tissues of the extremities, lung, liver, and bone. The cases involving the central nervous system reported are very rare. We report an intraspinal epithelioid hemangioendothelioma occurring in a 52-year-old man. To our knowledge, it is first case of spinal hemangioendothelioma in Korea.
Central Nervous System ; Extremities ; Hemangioendothelioma ; Hemangioendothelioma, Epithelioid* ; Hemangioma ; Hemangiosarcoma ; Humans ; Korea ; Liver ; Lung ; Middle Aged ; Spinal Cord* ; Vascular Neoplasms

Dentists ; Emergencies ; Holidays ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Toothache

Capsule endoscopy (CE) enables evaluation of the entire mucosal surface of the small bowel (SB), which is one of the most important steps for evaluating obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Although the diagnostic yield of SB CE depends on many clinical factors, there are no reports on quality indicators. Thus, the Korean Gut Image Study Group (KGISG) publishes an article titled, “Quality Indicators for Small Bowel Capsule Endoscopy” under approval from the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (KSGE). Herein, we initially identified process quality indicators, while the structural and outcome indicators are reserved until sufficient clinical data are accumulated. We believe that outcomes of SB CE can be improved by trying to meet our proposed quality indicators.
Capsule Endoscopy* ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Hemorrhage

We analyzed the expression level and cellular localization of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and histopathologically characterized canine traumatic brain injury (TBI). Canine TBI brains revealed subarachnoid and cerebral cortical hemorrhage, neutrophilic infiltration, neuronal necrosis, astrocytosis, and vasogenic edema. Immunohistochemical evaluations suggested that both pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha] and anti-inflammatory cytokines [IL-10 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)] were highly expressed in neurons and neutrophils. In particular, the highest magnitude of expression was identified for IL-1beta and TGF-beta. This data helps describe the pathologic characteristics of canine TBI, and may help in the design of potential therapeutic approaches to control secondary damage by inflammatory cytokines.
Animals ; Brain/*immunology/*pathology ; Brain Injuries/immunology/*pathology/*veterinary ; Dogs ; Humans ; Interleukin-10/immunology/metabolism ; Interleukin-1beta/immunology/metabolism ; Interleukin-6/immunology/metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/immunology/metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology/metabolism

PURPOSE: To determine the patterns of evaluation and treatment in patients with breast cancer after mastectomy and treated with radiotherapy. A nationwide study was performed with the goal of improving radiotherapy treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A web-based database system for the Korean Patterns of Care Study (PCS) for 6 common cancers was developed. Randomly selected records of 286 eligible patients treated between 1998 and 1999 from 17 hospitals were reviewed. RESULTS: The ages of the study patients ranged from 20 to 80 years (median age 44 years). The pathologic T stage by the AJCC was T1 in 9.7% of the cases, T2 in 59.2% of the cases, T3 in 25.6% of the cases, and T4 in 5.3% of the cases. For analysis of nodal involvement, N0 was 7.3%, N1 was 14%, N2 was 38.8%, and N3 was 38.5% of the cases. The AJCC stage was stage I in 0.7% of the cases, stage IIa in 3.8% of the cases, stage IIb in 9.8% of the cases, stage IIIa in 43% of the cases, stage IIIb in 2.8% of the cases, and IIIc in 38.5% of the cases. There were various sequences of chemotherapy and radiotherapy after mastectomy. Mastectomy and chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy was the most commonly performed sequence in 47% of the cases. Mastectomy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy followed by additional chemotherapy was performed in 35% of the cases, and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy was performed in 12.5% of the cases. The radiotherapy volume was chest wall only in 5.6% of the cases. The volume was chest wall and supraclavicular fossa (SCL) in 20.3% of the cases; chest wall, SCL and internal mammary lymph node (IMN) in 27.6% of the cases; chest wall, SCL and posterior axillary lymph node in 25.9% of the cases; chest wall, SCL, IMN, and posterior axillary lymph node in 19.9% of the cases. Two patients received IMN only. The method of chest wall irradiation was tangential field in 57.3% of the cases and electron beam in 42% of the cases. A bolus for the chest wall was used in 54.8% of the tangential field cases and 52.5% of the electron beam cases. The radiation dose to the chest wall was 45~59.4 Gy (median 50.4 Gy), to the SCL was 45~59.4 Gy (median 50.4 Gy), and to the PAB was 4.8~38.8 Gy, (median 9 Gy) CONCLUSION: Different and various treatment methods were used for radiotherapy of the breast cancer patients after mastectomy in each hospital. Most of treatment methods varied in the irradiation of the chest wall. A separate analysis for the details of radiotherapy planning also needs to be followed and the outcome of treatment is needed in order to evaluate the different processes.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Chemoradiotherapy ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Korea* ; Lymph Nodes ; Mastectomy* ; Mastectomy, Radical ; Radiotherapy ; Thoracic Wall