Moyamoya disease is a rare idiopathic cerebrovascular disease which is known to cause ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes in association with progressive stenosis of intracranial major arteries and subsequent formation of fragile collateral vessels. In this review, we have provided an update on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of moyamoya disease.
Arteries ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Moyamoya Disease ; Prognosis ; Stroke

During the period from May to October 1969, the authors carried out a series of tests with the aim to ascertain the present status of susceptibility of adult cockraoches to various insecticides. The tests on the susceptibility of cockroaches to dieldrin, D.D.V.P., Diazinon; Dibrom, Malathion and lindane were performed with the topical application and the residual film methods under the conditions of 26 degrees C and 80% of relative humidity. The insects tested were collected from Seoul City and were reared at the laboratory. Some of the important results so far obtained can be summarized as follows: The median lethal doses (LD(50)) of the five insecticides against female adult cockroaches were: 0.4 ug/roach or 4.02 ug/body weight (gm) by Dieldrin, 0.29/roach or 2.88 ug/body weight (gm) by D.D.V.P., 0.29 ug/roach or 2.96 ug/body weight (gm) by Diazinon, 0.54 ug/roach or 5.37 ug/body weight (gm) by Dibrom, and 2.96 ug/roach or 29.60 ug/body weight (gm) by Malathion. And those against male adult cockroaches were: 0.18 ug/roach or 3.29 ug/body weight (gm) by Dieldrin, 0.27 ug/roach or 4.89 ug/body weight (gm) by D.D.V.P., 0.16 ug/roach or 2.91 ug/body weight (gm) by Diazinon, 0.49 ug/roach or 8.97 ug/body weight (gm) by Dibrom, and 1.32 ug/roach or 24.19 ug/body weight (gm) by Malathion. The level of susceptibility of adult cockroaches to the insecticides tested was 1.0-1.6 times higher as compared with the results obtained on the Japanese Takashi strain. The median knockdown times (LT(50)) of the female adult cockroaches by insectcides at 1% concentration of 3 mg per square centimetre were 1.82 hours by Malathion, 1.36 hours by Diazinon, 0.56 hours by Lindane, 0.50 hours by Dibrom, and 2.56 hours by D.D.V.P. A marked difference was seen to exist between the males and the females. The female cockroaches were more resistant than the male to Dieldrin, Diazinon and Malathion.
parasitology-arthropoda-cockcroach-Blattella germanica ; chemotherapy ; Dieldrin ; D.D.V.P. ; Diazinon ; Dibrom ; Malathion ; lindane ; resistance

A new bioelectrical impedance method has been developed and evaluated. The electrodes; were made of stainless steel and electrical interfaces were created by an upright subject gripping hand electrodes and stepping onto foot electrodes. Eight tactile electrodes were in contact with surfaces of both hands and feet; thumb, palm and fingers, front sole, and rear sole. Automatic on-off switches were used to change current pathways and to measure voltage differences for target segments. Segmental body resistances and whole body resistance(RWHOLE)were measured in 60 healthy subjects. Segmental resistances of right arm(RRA), left arm(RLA), trunk(RT), right leg(RRL) and left leg(RLL)were310.0+/-61.6 omega, 316.9+/-64.6 omega, 25.1+/-3.4 omega, 236.8+/-31.2 omega and 237.6+/-30.4 omega, respectively. Individual segmental impedance indexes(Ht2/RRA, Ht2/RT, and Ht2 /RLA) were closely related to lean body mass(LBM)as measured by densitometry ranged from r=0.925 to 0.960. Ht2/(RRA+RT+RLA) predicted LBM slightly better(r=0.969) than the traditional index, Ht2/RWHOLE(r=0.964), supporting the accuracy of the segmental measurement. A multiple regression equation utilizing Ht2/RRA, Ht2/RT and Ht2/RRL predicted LBM with r=0.971. Ht2/RRA term of the regression contributed to more than 40% of the LBM prediction, indicating that lean mass of arm represented whole body LBM more closely than other body segments. The new bioimpedance method was characterized by upright posture, eight tactile electrodes, segmental measurements and utilization of electronic switches in comparison with the traditional method. The measurement with this new method was extremely reproducible, quick and easy to use.
Adipose Tissue ; Arm ; Body Composition* ; Densitometry ; Electric Impedance* ; Electrodes ; Fingers ; Foot ; Hand ; Hand Strength ; Posture ; Stainless Steel ; Thumb

Metaplastic carcinoma is a rare form of breast carcinoma in which a variety of metaplastic changes occur. These commonly involve squamous or spindle cells, but pure chondroid metaplasia is relatively uncommon. We report a case of metaplastic carcinoma of the breast which mainly involved chondroid metaplasia and in which chondroid calcifications were seen on mammograms.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Cartilage ; Metaplasia

In the summer of 1969 from July through October, authors carried out a study of susceptibility in adult female bed bug(Cimex lectularius) in order to ascertain any development of resistance to insecticides in Korea. The test to DDT and Dieldrin was performed in laboratory by the continuous exposure of residues method, with standard impregnated paper used for adult mosqitoes. Some results so far obtained can be summarised as follows: LC(50) were 2.839% in DDT and 0.167% in Dieldrin. The resistance has been arisen 2.4-2.9 times in DDT and 1.6-2.4 times in Dieldrin as compared with London laboratory strain, but they were susceptible 1.4 times in DDT and 180 times in Dieldrin as compared to Israel resistance strain.
parasitology-arthropodology-bed bug-Cimex lectularius ; prevention ; chemotherapy ; resistance ; DDT ; dieldrin

No abstract available.
Cytomegalovirus* ; Humans* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction*

PURPOSE: We wanted to evaluate the short term clinical and radiological results and the complications of primary total hip arthroplasty with using a Accolade TMZF femoral stem. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 66 cases among 80 cases underwent total hip arthroplasty by one surgeon with using an Accolade TMZF femur stem from January 2002 to August 2006. The minimum follow-up was 30 months and we retrospectively analyzed these 66 patients. RESULTS: The mean Harris Hip Score improved from 54 to 92 at the last follow up. On the last follow-up X-ray, all the femoral stems (100%) showed stable fixation and there was no osteolysis or loosening, but there were 34 cases of stress shields and 20 cases of cortical hypertrophy. The acetabular component revealed stable fixation in 65 cases (98.5%) and loosening in one case (1.5%). There was no acetabular osteolysis, but 22 cases of radiolucency were observed in the Dee Lee and Charnley zone II. As complications, there were 5 cases of heterotrophic ossification, 1 case of greater trochanteric bursitis, 2 cases of thigh pain and 1 case with a squeaking sound. CONCLUSION: Primary total hip arthroplasty using a cementless Accolade TMZF femoral stem showed good results in the short term, but long term follow up is needed.
Arthroplasty ; Bursitis ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip ; Hypertrophy ; Osteolysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Thigh

No abstract available.
Brain* ; Child* ; Humans ; Nervous System Diseases*

PURPOSE: We evaluated the validity of Pre-Hospital stroke screening (PHSS) by 119 ambulance rescuers in Korea. METHODS: Patients at least 20 years old with presumed stroke were transported to six emergency medical centers and prospectively enrolled during a 12-month period. A total of 119 ambulance rescuers applied the Cincinnati Pre-Hospital Stroke Scale (CPHSS) and the Los Angeles Pre-Hospital Stroke Screen (LAPHSS). Emergency physicians (EPs) further assessed the patients with CPHSS and LAPHSS. The final diagnoses were divided into stroke and other disease categories through a review of hospital records. The sensitivity and specificity of the two screening tools were analyzed for predicting stroke. The CPHSS and LAPHSS scores from all patients were compared between the 119 ambulance rescuers and EPs. RESULTS: The 119 ambulance rescuers referred 348 suspected stroke patients, of whom 164(47.1%) had their stroke confirmed. For all kinds of stroke, the sensitivity and specificity of the CPHSS were 86.3%[95% confidence interval (CI) 58.6~76.1] and 65.9%(95% CI 57.0~74.0), respectively, and those of the LAPHSS were 70%(95% CI 61.0~78.0) and 67.8%(95% CI 58.6~76.1), respectively. The Kappa value between the 119 ambulance rescuers and EPs was k=0.619(95% CI 0.523~0.715) for the CPHSS and k=0.392(95% CI 0.275~0.510) for the LAPHSS. CONCLUSION: CPHSS and LAPSS performed by 119 ambulance rescuers had considerable validity in Korea.
Ambulances* ; Diagnosis ; Emergencies ; Emergency Medical Services ; Hospital Records ; Humans ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Prospective Studies* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Stroke*

The time between symptom onset and arrival at an emergency department (ED) (S2D) is a crucial time for optimal intravenous reperfusion care for ischemic stroke. We aimed to analyze the effect of emergency medical services (EMS) utilization and inter-hospital transfer on S2D in Korea. Ischemic stroke patients were prospectively enrolled from November 2007 to December 2012 in 23 tertiary and teaching hospital EDs in Korea. Of 31,443 adult ischemic stroke patients, 20,780 were categorized into 4 groups based on modes of EMS utilization and inter-hospital transfer: direct transport to destination ED by EMS (EMS direct; n=6,257, 30.1%), transfer after transport to another ED by EMS (EMS indirect; n=754, 3.6%), direct transport to the ED without using EMS (non-EMS direct; n=8,928, 43.0%), and transfer after visiting another hospital without using EMS (non-EMS indirect; n=4,841, 23.3%). Our primary outcome variable was of S2D within 2 hr (S2D < or =2 hr) and found that 30.8% of all patients and 52.3%, 16.4%, 25.9%, and 13.9% of EMS direct, EMS indirect, non-EMS direct, and non-EMS indirect, respectively, achieved S2D < or =2 hr. Adjusted odds ratio for S2D < or =2 hr were 6.56 (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.94-7.24), 2.27 (95% CI, 2.06-2.50), and 1.07 (95% CI, 0.87-1.33) for EMS direct, non-EMS direct, and EMS indirect, respectively. Patients directly transported to destination hospitals by the EMS show the highest proportion of therapeutic time window for optimal care in ischemic stroke.
Aged ; Emergency Medical Services/*statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio ; Republic of Korea ; Stroke/*diagnosis ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Time Factors