1.Clinical Characteristics and Visual Prognostic Biomarkers in Pericentral Retinitis Pigmentosa: A Study in a South Korean Cohort
Su Ho BAE ; Seung Woo CHOI ; Chang Ki YOON ; Un Chul PARK ; Kyu Hyung PARK ; Eun Kyoung LEE
Korean Journal of Ophthalmology 2025;39(2):157-169
Purpose:
To investigate the clinical characteristics of South Korean patients with pericentral retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and to identify clinical biomarkers associated with rapid visual acuity decline based on baseline factors.
Methods:
This retrospective study included 59 eyes of 31 patients diagnosed with pericentral RP. Comprehensive ophthalmological examinations and genetic sequencing were conducted to assess the baseline characteristics. For biomarker analysis, eyes were categorized into two groups based on the annual rate of change in visual acuity. The clinical findings of the two groups were evaluated to identify the biomarkers associated with rapid loss of visual acuity.
Results:
Patients with pericentral RP in this study exhibited a mean best-corrected visual acuity of 0.17 ± 0.23 in logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution. The visual field test showed annular or semicircular scotoma with relatively preserved periphery and 27 eyes (45.8%) exhibited no macular complications in optical coherence tomography. Genetic analysis identified genes associated with previous typical and pericentral RP studies but also highlighted that many genetic causes of pericentral RP remain unidentified. Of the 55 eyes for which the rate of visual acuity change could be estimated, 18 exhibited an annual decline of ≥10%, whereas 37 showed an annual decline of <10%. Male sex and prolonged b-wave latency on dark-adapted 0.01 electroretinogram correlated with rapid visual acuity decline in the multivariate analysis.
Conclusions
South Korean patients with pericentral RP exhibited a milder phenotype compared to typical RP patients reported in previous studies. Genetic analysis revealed heterogeneity, with mutations in some genes commonly associated with milder forms of RP. Male sex and prolonged b-wave latency on dark-adapted 0.01 electroretinogram were significant biomarkers for predicting rapid visual acuity decline. Monitoring initial b-wave latency is important for predicting visual decline, particularly in male patients with pericentral RP.
2.Clinical Characteristics and Visual Prognostic Biomarkers in Pericentral Retinitis Pigmentosa: A Study in a South Korean Cohort
Su Ho BAE ; Seung Woo CHOI ; Chang Ki YOON ; Un Chul PARK ; Kyu Hyung PARK ; Eun Kyoung LEE
Korean Journal of Ophthalmology 2025;39(2):157-169
Purpose:
To investigate the clinical characteristics of South Korean patients with pericentral retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and to identify clinical biomarkers associated with rapid visual acuity decline based on baseline factors.
Methods:
This retrospective study included 59 eyes of 31 patients diagnosed with pericentral RP. Comprehensive ophthalmological examinations and genetic sequencing were conducted to assess the baseline characteristics. For biomarker analysis, eyes were categorized into two groups based on the annual rate of change in visual acuity. The clinical findings of the two groups were evaluated to identify the biomarkers associated with rapid loss of visual acuity.
Results:
Patients with pericentral RP in this study exhibited a mean best-corrected visual acuity of 0.17 ± 0.23 in logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution. The visual field test showed annular or semicircular scotoma with relatively preserved periphery and 27 eyes (45.8%) exhibited no macular complications in optical coherence tomography. Genetic analysis identified genes associated with previous typical and pericentral RP studies but also highlighted that many genetic causes of pericentral RP remain unidentified. Of the 55 eyes for which the rate of visual acuity change could be estimated, 18 exhibited an annual decline of ≥10%, whereas 37 showed an annual decline of <10%. Male sex and prolonged b-wave latency on dark-adapted 0.01 electroretinogram correlated with rapid visual acuity decline in the multivariate analysis.
Conclusions
South Korean patients with pericentral RP exhibited a milder phenotype compared to typical RP patients reported in previous studies. Genetic analysis revealed heterogeneity, with mutations in some genes commonly associated with milder forms of RP. Male sex and prolonged b-wave latency on dark-adapted 0.01 electroretinogram were significant biomarkers for predicting rapid visual acuity decline. Monitoring initial b-wave latency is important for predicting visual decline, particularly in male patients with pericentral RP.
3.Clinical Characteristics and Visual Prognostic Biomarkers in Pericentral Retinitis Pigmentosa: A Study in a South Korean Cohort
Su Ho BAE ; Seung Woo CHOI ; Chang Ki YOON ; Un Chul PARK ; Kyu Hyung PARK ; Eun Kyoung LEE
Korean Journal of Ophthalmology 2025;39(2):157-169
Purpose:
To investigate the clinical characteristics of South Korean patients with pericentral retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and to identify clinical biomarkers associated with rapid visual acuity decline based on baseline factors.
Methods:
This retrospective study included 59 eyes of 31 patients diagnosed with pericentral RP. Comprehensive ophthalmological examinations and genetic sequencing were conducted to assess the baseline characteristics. For biomarker analysis, eyes were categorized into two groups based on the annual rate of change in visual acuity. The clinical findings of the two groups were evaluated to identify the biomarkers associated with rapid loss of visual acuity.
Results:
Patients with pericentral RP in this study exhibited a mean best-corrected visual acuity of 0.17 ± 0.23 in logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution. The visual field test showed annular or semicircular scotoma with relatively preserved periphery and 27 eyes (45.8%) exhibited no macular complications in optical coherence tomography. Genetic analysis identified genes associated with previous typical and pericentral RP studies but also highlighted that many genetic causes of pericentral RP remain unidentified. Of the 55 eyes for which the rate of visual acuity change could be estimated, 18 exhibited an annual decline of ≥10%, whereas 37 showed an annual decline of <10%. Male sex and prolonged b-wave latency on dark-adapted 0.01 electroretinogram correlated with rapid visual acuity decline in the multivariate analysis.
Conclusions
South Korean patients with pericentral RP exhibited a milder phenotype compared to typical RP patients reported in previous studies. Genetic analysis revealed heterogeneity, with mutations in some genes commonly associated with milder forms of RP. Male sex and prolonged b-wave latency on dark-adapted 0.01 electroretinogram were significant biomarkers for predicting rapid visual acuity decline. Monitoring initial b-wave latency is important for predicting visual decline, particularly in male patients with pericentral RP.
4.Clinical Characteristics and Visual Prognostic Biomarkers in Pericentral Retinitis Pigmentosa: A Study in a South Korean Cohort
Su Ho BAE ; Seung Woo CHOI ; Chang Ki YOON ; Un Chul PARK ; Kyu Hyung PARK ; Eun Kyoung LEE
Korean Journal of Ophthalmology 2025;39(2):157-169
Purpose:
To investigate the clinical characteristics of South Korean patients with pericentral retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and to identify clinical biomarkers associated with rapid visual acuity decline based on baseline factors.
Methods:
This retrospective study included 59 eyes of 31 patients diagnosed with pericentral RP. Comprehensive ophthalmological examinations and genetic sequencing were conducted to assess the baseline characteristics. For biomarker analysis, eyes were categorized into two groups based on the annual rate of change in visual acuity. The clinical findings of the two groups were evaluated to identify the biomarkers associated with rapid loss of visual acuity.
Results:
Patients with pericentral RP in this study exhibited a mean best-corrected visual acuity of 0.17 ± 0.23 in logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution. The visual field test showed annular or semicircular scotoma with relatively preserved periphery and 27 eyes (45.8%) exhibited no macular complications in optical coherence tomography. Genetic analysis identified genes associated with previous typical and pericentral RP studies but also highlighted that many genetic causes of pericentral RP remain unidentified. Of the 55 eyes for which the rate of visual acuity change could be estimated, 18 exhibited an annual decline of ≥10%, whereas 37 showed an annual decline of <10%. Male sex and prolonged b-wave latency on dark-adapted 0.01 electroretinogram correlated with rapid visual acuity decline in the multivariate analysis.
Conclusions
South Korean patients with pericentral RP exhibited a milder phenotype compared to typical RP patients reported in previous studies. Genetic analysis revealed heterogeneity, with mutations in some genes commonly associated with milder forms of RP. Male sex and prolonged b-wave latency on dark-adapted 0.01 electroretinogram were significant biomarkers for predicting rapid visual acuity decline. Monitoring initial b-wave latency is important for predicting visual decline, particularly in male patients with pericentral RP.
5.Clinical Characteristics and Visual Prognostic Biomarkers in Pericentral Retinitis Pigmentosa: A Study in a South Korean Cohort
Su Ho BAE ; Seung Woo CHOI ; Chang Ki YOON ; Un Chul PARK ; Kyu Hyung PARK ; Eun Kyoung LEE
Korean Journal of Ophthalmology 2025;39(2):157-169
Purpose:
To investigate the clinical characteristics of South Korean patients with pericentral retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and to identify clinical biomarkers associated with rapid visual acuity decline based on baseline factors.
Methods:
This retrospective study included 59 eyes of 31 patients diagnosed with pericentral RP. Comprehensive ophthalmological examinations and genetic sequencing were conducted to assess the baseline characteristics. For biomarker analysis, eyes were categorized into two groups based on the annual rate of change in visual acuity. The clinical findings of the two groups were evaluated to identify the biomarkers associated with rapid loss of visual acuity.
Results:
Patients with pericentral RP in this study exhibited a mean best-corrected visual acuity of 0.17 ± 0.23 in logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution. The visual field test showed annular or semicircular scotoma with relatively preserved periphery and 27 eyes (45.8%) exhibited no macular complications in optical coherence tomography. Genetic analysis identified genes associated with previous typical and pericentral RP studies but also highlighted that many genetic causes of pericentral RP remain unidentified. Of the 55 eyes for which the rate of visual acuity change could be estimated, 18 exhibited an annual decline of ≥10%, whereas 37 showed an annual decline of <10%. Male sex and prolonged b-wave latency on dark-adapted 0.01 electroretinogram correlated with rapid visual acuity decline in the multivariate analysis.
Conclusions
South Korean patients with pericentral RP exhibited a milder phenotype compared to typical RP patients reported in previous studies. Genetic analysis revealed heterogeneity, with mutations in some genes commonly associated with milder forms of RP. Male sex and prolonged b-wave latency on dark-adapted 0.01 electroretinogram were significant biomarkers for predicting rapid visual acuity decline. Monitoring initial b-wave latency is important for predicting visual decline, particularly in male patients with pericentral RP.
6.Deep Learning-based Classification of Eye Laterality in Optical Coherence Tomography Images
Richul OH ; Eun Kyoung LEE ; Kunho BAE ; Un Chul PARK ; Kyu Hyung PARK ; Chang Ki YOON
Journal of Retina 2024;9(2):177-183
Purpose:
To develop a deep learning model classifying the laterality of optical coherence tomography (OCT) images.
Methods:
The study included two-dimensional OCT images (horizontal/vertical macular section) from Seoul National University Hospital. A deep learning model based on ResNet-18 was developed and trained to classify whether OCT images were horizontal or vertical sections and to predict the laterality of the images. Analysis of the results included calculating a mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and evaluating accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity. Gradient-weighted class activation for mapping visualization highlighted critical regions for classification.
Results:
A total of 5,000 eyes of 2,500 patients (10,000 images) was included in the development process. The test dataset consisted of 1,000 eyes of 500 patients (590 eyes without macular abnormalities, 208 epiretinal membranes, 111 age-related macular degenerations, 56 central macular edemas, 23 macular holes, and 12 other macular abnormalities). The deep learning model predicted the OCT section of the eyes in the test dataset with a mean AUROC of 0.9967. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.9835, 0.9870, and 0.9800, respectively. The model predicted the laterality of the eyes in horizontal OCT images with a mean AUROC of 1.0000. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.9970, 1.0000, and 0.9940, respectively. Using vertical OCT images, deep learning models failed to demonstrate any predictive performance in laterality classification.
Conclusions
We developed a deep learning model to classify the horizontal/vertical sections of OCT images and predict the laterality of horizontal OCT images with high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity.
7.Colon cancer: the 2023 Korean clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis and treatment
Hyo Seon RYU ; Hyun Jung KIM ; Woong Bae JI ; Byung Chang KIM ; Ji Hun KIM ; Sung Kyung MOON ; Sung Il KANG ; Han Deok KWAK ; Eun Sun KIM ; Chang Hyun KIM ; Tae Hyung KIM ; Gyoung Tae NOH ; Byung-Soo PARK ; Hyeung-Min PARK ; Jeong Mo BAE ; Jung Hoon BAE ; Ni Eun SEO ; Chang Hoon SONG ; Mi Sun AHN ; Jae Seon EO ; Young Chul YOON ; Joon-Kee YOON ; Kyung Ha LEE ; Kyung Hee LEE ; Kil-Yong LEE ; Myung Su LEE ; Sung Hak LEE ; Jong Min LEE ; Ji Eun LEE ; Han Hee LEE ; Myong Hoon IHN ; Je-Ho JANG ; Sun Kyung JEON ; Kum Ju CHAE ; Jin-Ho CHOI ; Dae Hee PYO ; Gi Won HA ; Kyung Su HAN ; Young Ki HONG ; Chang Won HONG ; Jung-Myun KWAK ;
Annals of Coloproctology 2024;40(2):89-113
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in Korea and the third leading cause of death from cancer. Treatment outcomes for colon cancer are steadily improving due to national health screening programs with advances in diagnostic methods, surgical techniques, and therapeutic agents.. The Korea Colon Cancer Multidisciplinary (KCCM) Committee intends to provide professionals who treat colon cancer with the most up-to-date, evidence-based practice guidelines to improve outcomes and help them make decisions that reflect their patients’ values and preferences. These guidelines have been established by consensus reached by the KCCM Guideline Committee based on a systematic literature review and evidence synthesis and by considering the national health insurance system in real clinical practice settings. Each recommendation is presented with a recommendation strength and level of evidence based on the consensus of the committee.
8.Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous Thrombolysis in the 3- to 4.5-hour Window in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Who Have Both Diabetes Mellitus and History of Prior Stroke
Boyoung KIM ; Ji Sung LEE ; Hong-Kyun PARK ; Young Bok YUNG ; Ki Chang OH ; Jeong Joo PARK ; Yong-Jin CHO ; Kyusik KANG ; Soo Joo LEE ; Jae Guk KIM ; Jae-Kwan CHA ; Dae-Hyun KIM ; Hee-Joon BAE ; Tai Hwan PARK ; Sang-Soon PARK ; Kyung Bok LEE ; Jun LEE ; Byung-Chul LEE ; Minwoo LEE ; Joon-Tae KIM ; Kang-Ho CHOI ; Dong-Eog KIM ; Jay Chol CHOI ; Dong-Ick SHIN ; Jee-Hyun KWON ; Wook-Joo KIM ; Sung Il SOHN ; Jeong-Ho HONG ; Hyung Jong PARK ; Seong-Hwa JANG ; Kwang-Yeol PARK ; Sang-Hwa LEE ; Jong-Moo PARK ; Keun-Sik HONG
Journal of the Korean Neurological Association 2023;41(2):112-120
Background:
For acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with history of prior stroke (PS) and diabetes mellitus (DM), intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (IV-tPA) therapy in the 3- to 4.5-hour window is off-label in Korea. This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of IV-tPA in these patients.
Methods:
Using data from a prospective multicenter stroke registry between January 2009 and March 2021, we identified AIS patients who received IV-tPA in the 3- to 4.5-hour window, and compared the outcomes of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (SICH), 3-month mortality, 3-month modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 0-1 and 3-month mRS distribution between patients with both PS and DM (PS/DM, n=56) versus those with neither PS nor DM, or with only one (non-PS/DM, n=927).
Results:
The PS/DM group versus the non-PS/DM group was more likely to have a prior disability, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease and less likely to have atrial fibrillation. The PS/DM and the non-PS/DM groups had comparable rates of SICH (0% vs. 1.7%; p>0.999) and 3-month mortality (10.7% vs. 10.2%; p=0.9112). The rate of 3-month mRS 0-1 was non-significantly lower in the PS/DM group than in the non-PS/DM group (30.4% vs. 40.7%; adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 0.81 [0.41-1.59]).
Conclusions
In the 3- to 4.5-hour window, AIS patients with PS/DM, as compared to those with non-PS/DM, might benefit less from IV-tPA. However, given the similar risks of SICH and mortality, IV-tPA in the late time window could be considered in patients with both PS and DM.
9.Deep Learning-based Prediction of Axial Length Using Ultra-widefield Fundus Photography
Richul OH ; Eun Kyoung LEE ; Kunho BAE ; Un Chul PARK ; Hyeong Gon YU ; Chang Ki YOON
Korean Journal of Ophthalmology 2023;37(2):95-104
Purpose:
To develop a deep learning model that can predict the axial lengths of eyes using ultra-widefield (UWF) fundus photography.
Methods:
We retrospectively enrolled patients who visited the ophthalmology clinic at the Seoul National University Hospital between September 2018 and December 2021. Patients with axial length measurements and UWF images taken within 3 months of axial length measurement were included in the study. The dataset was divided into a development set and a test set at an 8:2 ratio while maintaining an equal distribution of axial lengths (stratified splitting with binning). We used transfer learning-based on EfficientNet B3 to develop the model. We evaluated the model’s performance using mean absolute error (MAE), R-squared (R2), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We used vanilla gradient saliency maps to illustrate the regions predominantly used by convolutional neural network.
Results:
In total, 8,657 UWF retinal fundus images from 3,829 patients (mean age, 63.98 ±15.25 years) were included in the study. The deep learning model predicted the axial lengths of the test dataset with MAE and R2 values of 0.744 mm (95% CI, 0.709–0.779 mm) and 0.815 (95% CI, 0.785–0.840), respectively. The model’s accuracy was 73.7%, 95.9%, and 99.2% in prediction, with error margins of ±1.0, ±2.0, and ±3.0 mm, respectively.
Conclusions
We developed a deep learning-based model for predicting the axial length from UWF images with good performance.
10.Evaluating the Safety and effectivenesS in adult KorEaN patients treated with Tolvaptan for management ofautosomal domInAnt poLycystic kidney disease (ESSENTIAL): short-term outcomes during the titration period
Hyuk HUH ; Yong Soo KIM ; Wookyung CHUNG ; Yong Lim KIM ; Yaerim KIM ; Seungyeup HAN ; Yeonsoon JUNG ; Ki Young NA ; Kyu Beck LEE ; Yun Kyu OH ; Hyeong Cheon PARK ; Seung Hyeok HAN ; Tae Hyun YOO ; Yeong Hoon KIM ; Soo Wan KIM ; Kang Wook LEE ; Hayne Cho PARK ; Sung Gyun KIM ; Hyunsuk KIM ; Chang Hwa LEE ; Kyongtae T. BAE ; Kook Hwan OH ; Curie AHN ; Hyun Jin RYU ; Yong Chul KIM
Kidney Research and Clinical Practice 2023;42(2):216-228
Tolvaptan reduces height-adjusted total kidney volume (htTKV) and renal function decline in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). This study was aimed at investigating the efficacy and safety of tolvaptan in Korean patients with ADPKD during the titration period. Methods: This study is a multicenter, single-arm, open-label phase 4 study. We enrolled 108 patients with ADPKD (age, 19–50 years) with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of >30 mL/min/1.73 m2 and factors defined as indicative of rapid disease progression. After tolvaptan titration, we evaluated efficacy and side effects and assessed factors associated with the effects. Results: After titration for 4 weeks, eGFR and htTKV decreased by 6.4 ± 7.9 mL/min/1.73 m2 and 16 ± 45 mL/m, respectively. No serious adverse drug reactions were observed during the titration period. The greatest eGFR decline was observed in the first week, with a starting tolvaptan dose of 45 mg. Multivariate linear regression for htTKV decline showed that the greater the change in urine osmolality (Uosm), the greater the decrease in htTKV (β, 0.436; p = 0.009) in the 1D group stratified by the Mayo Clinic image classification. Higher baseline eGFR was related to a higher htTKV reduction rate in the 1E group (β, –0.642; p = 0.009). Conclusion: We observed short-term effects and safety during the tolvaptan titration period. The decline of htTKV can be predicted as a short-term effect of tolvaptan by observing Uosm changes from baseline to end of titration in 1D and baseline eGFR in 1E groups.

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