No abstract available.
Fetal Blood* ; Glucose* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

We report a case of 53-year-old man with plasmacytoid transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder, which may be confused with plasmacytoma. The patient initially presented with gross hematuria and dysuria for two months. Cystoscopy and radiologic studies revealed multiple intraluminal protruding masses on the urinary bladder invading perivesical fat tissue. After urinary cytologic examination and cystoscopic biopsy, radical cystectomy and pelvic lymph node dissections were done. Urine cytology showed single cells and poorly cohesive cells with round eccentric nuclei, bi-or multi-nucleation, indistinct nucleoli, coarse chromatin, and abundant basophilic cytoplasm within relatively clear background. The cytologic findings of tumor cells were similar to the plasma cells seen in plasmacytoma. The tumor of the bladder was composed of discohesive, individual cancer cells with diffuse pattern that simulated lymphoma or plasmacytoma. Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies clearly established the epithelial nature of the neoplasm. Recognition of this plasmacytoid type of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder can avoid the misdiagnosis.
Child ; Male ; Female ; Humans ; Biopsy

Acyclovir is highly selective and relatively non-toxic anti-herpes agent. Thirt-y-seven patients with herpetic keratitis were treated with acyclovir. (23 patients with pure epithelial type, 4 patients with accompanying stromal keratitis, and 10 patients with accompanying keratouveitis). Acyclovir was very effective in 23 patients with pure epithelial herpetic keratitis. All epithelial defects healed in a mean healing time of 6.2 +/- 2.3 days. In 4 patients with stromal keratitis, 3 patients healed within 14 days and 1 patient healed on 27 days. In 10 patients with keratouveitis, 8 patients healed within 14 days, 1 patient healed on 21 days, and 1 patient was not healed even after one month. Four patients developed superficial punctate keratopathy during therapy, but no other serious adverse effects were seen.
Acyclovir* ; Humans ; Keratitis ; Keratitis, Herpetic*

Acyclovir is highly selective and relatively non-toxic anti-herpes agent. Thirt-y-seven patients with herpetic keratitis were treated with acyclovir. (23 patients with pure epithelial type, 4 patients with accompanying stromal keratitis, and 10 patients with accompanying keratouveitis). Acyclovir was very effective in 23 patients with pure epithelial herpetic keratitis. All epithelial defects healed in a mean healing time of 6.2 +/- 2.3 days. In 4 patients with stromal keratitis, 3 patients healed within 14 days and 1 patient healed on 27 days. In 10 patients with keratouveitis, 8 patients healed within 14 days, 1 patient healed on 21 days, and 1 patient was not healed even after one month. Four patients developed superficial punctate keratopathy during therapy, but no other serious adverse effects were seen.
Acyclovir* ; Humans ; Keratitis ; Keratitis, Herpetic*

In order to investigate electrolyte changes in serum and urine diuretic therapy, we studied 98 patients with hypertension not optimally controlled by previous treatment. After we divied the patients into three gorups in randomized trial, group A were given Amiloride 10mg/day, group B were given Dihydrochlorothiazide 50mg/day, group C were given Amiloride 5mg/day combined with Dihydrochlorothiazide 25mg/day for 7 days. Blood pressure and electrolyte changes in serum and urine after diuretic theraphy for 7 days were as follows. 1) Serum sodium concentrations were not significantly changed in all three groups(P>0.05). 2) Serum potassium concentrations were increased in group A and C (P<0.05), but there were no significant changes in group B(P<0.05). 3) Urinary sodium exceretions were increased in all three groups(P<0.05). 4) Urinary potassium excretion were decreased in group A and C (P<0.05), but there were increased in group B (P<0.05). 5) Blood pressure were decreased in all three groups(P<0.05).
Amiloride ; Blood Pressure ; Diuretics* ; Electrolytes* ; Humans ; Hydrochlorothiazide ; Hypertension* ; Potassium ; Sodium

17 patients underwent operations in malar tripod fracture combined with orbital floor fracture from January 1995 to June 1998. Age distribution was from 16 to 62. Sexual distribution was 15 males and 2 females. 11 cases were due to slip or all down. All orbital floors were reconstructed with silastic sheet through subciliary incision. In case of type I and type II, one-point fixation was performed with miniplate and screws on zygomaticomaxillary suture, In type III and IV, two-point fixation was done with miniplate and screws on zygomaticomaxillary and zygomaticofroptal suture by Gillies' approach and lateral eyebrow incision. Among 9 patients with preoperative diplopia, 5 patients improved within 1 week, 2 patients within 1 month. Among 3 patients with severe preoperative diplopia, 2 patients remained with mild diplopia, but no interference with daily work was encountered. In postoperative apperance and X-ray findings, excellent results were noted in 4 cases(24%), good cases in 10 cases (59%), fair cases in 3 cases (18%), but no poor case was found. 5 cases with Preoperative mouth opening limitation improved during postoperative period. In patients with malar tripod fracture with orbital floor fracture, it can serve as a good surgical method that bony fragment reduction by Gillies' approach and fixation with miniplate and screws.
Age Distribution ; Diplopia ; Eyebrows ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mouth ; Orbit* ; Postoperative Period ; Sutures

The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome(AIDS) is defined as a reliably diagnosed disease that is at least moderately indicative of an underlying cellular immunodeficiency in a person who has no known cause of underlying cellular immunodeficiency. The AIDS is caused by the human T-lymphotropic virus type III. We report here on a 32-year-old Korean male with AIDS. Detailed ophthalmic examinations were done and several cottonwool spots were found in both eyes. Other ocular findings of AIDS were not seen in this patient.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome* ; Adult ; HIV ; Humans ; Male

The term hydranencephaly designates the condition in which large protions of the cerebral hemispheres have been reduced to membranous sacs within a cranium of relatively normal size. Only basal ganglia and remnants of the mesencephalon are found at the base of the skull. We have experienced the 2 cases of infantile hydranencephaly. In surveying the pathogenesis of the hydranencephaly, it becomes apparent that the distribution of most of the lesions falls into certain distinct patterns, which is characterized by almost completely absent of both cerebral hemispheres and by relative gross preservation of the basal ganglia, a portion of lower temporal and occipital and contents of the posterior fossa in our experienced 2 cases. In our cases, the condition may present a defect in vascular ontogenesis or the outcome of vascular occlusion of both internal carotid arteries and their main branches on carotid angiogram and CT scan. This paper presents the essential features for the clinical diagnosis, suggesting pathogenesis in 2 cases of infantile hydranencephaly.
Basal Ganglia ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Cerebrum ; Diagnosis ; Hydranencephaly* ; Mesencephalon ; Skull ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Beta-lapachone (beta-Lap; 3,4-dihydro-2, 2-dimethyl-2H-naphthol[1, 2-b]pyran-5,6-dione) is a novel anti-cancer drug under phase I/II clinical trials. beta-Lap has been demonstrated to cause apoptotic and necrotic death in a variety of human cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The mechanisms underlying the beta-Lap toxicity against cancer cells has been controversial. The most recent view is that beta-Lap, which is a quinone compound, undergoes two-electron reduction to hydroquinone form utilizing NAD(P)H or NADH as electron source. This two-electron reduction of beta-Lap is mediated by NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), which is known to mediate the reduction of many quinone compounds. The hydroquinone forms of beta-Lap then spontaneously oxidizes back to the original oxidized beta-Lap, creating futile cycling between the oxidized and reduced forms of beta-Lap. It is proposed that the futile recycling between oxidized and reduced forms of beta-Lap leads to two distinct cell death pathways. First one is that the two-electron reduced beta-Lap is converted first to one-electron reduced beta-Lap, i.e., semiquinone beta-Lap (SQ).- causing production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which then causes apoptotic cell death. The second mechanism is that severe depletion of NAD(P)H and NADH as a result of futile cycling between the quinone and hydroquinone forms of beta-Lap causes severe disturbance in cellular metabolism leading to apoptosis and necrosis. The relative importance of the aforementioned two mechanisms, i.e., generation of ROS or depletion of NAD(P)H/NADH, may vary depending on cell type and environment. Importantly, the NQO1 level in cancer cells has been found to be higher than that in normal cells indicating that beta-Lap may be preferentially toxic to cancer cells relative to non-cancer cells. The cellular level of NQO1 has been found to be significantly increased by divergent physical and chemical stresses including ionizing radiation. Recent reports clearly demonstrated that beta-Lap and ionizing radiation kill cancer cells in a synergistic manner. Indications are that irradiation of cancer cells causes long-lasting elevation of NQO1, thereby sensitizing the cells to beta-Lap. In addition, beta-Lap has been shown to inhibit the repair of sublethal radiation damage. Treating experimental tumors growing in the legs of mice with irradiation and intraperitoneal injection of beta-Lap suppressed the growth of the tumors in a manner more than additive. Collectively, beta-Lap is a potentially useful anti-cancer drug, particularly in combination with radiotherapy.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Benzoquinones ; Cell Death ; Electrons ; Humans ; Hydroquinones ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Leg ; Mice ; NAD ; Naphthoquinones ; Necrosis ; Radiation Tolerance ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Recycling ; Substrate Cycling

Castleman disease is a relatively rare disease of differential diagnostic interest in patients with lymphadenophathy. The etiology and pathogenesis of the Castleman disease are still not elucidated and the MRI findings of disease has not yet been reported. Two patients with Castleman disease studied by MRI are presented: one case presented with a localized anterior mediastinal mass and the other case, with a neck mass. The lesions were characterized by relatively high signal intensities on both T1 and T2 weighted images in both cases, and significant degree of enhancement was seen in the cervical Castleman disease.
Giant Lymph Node Hyperplasia* ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Neck ; Rare Diseases