No abstract available.
Ataxia* ; Brain Stem Neoplasms* ; Mesencephalon*

Glassy cell carcinoma is a histologic subtype of cervical cancer with distinct pathologic features and it has an aggressive biologic course. It was first described by Glucksmann and Cherry in 1956 as a poorly differentiated adenoquamous carcinoma and commented on its poor prognosis, unresponsiveness to traditional modes of therapy, and often associated with pregnancy. The characteristic histologic features are defined as follows: 1) cells with a moderate amount of cytoplasm resembling ground glass, 2) a fairly distinct cell membrane that stains with eosin or PAS, 3) large nuclei with prominent nucleoli. We present two cases of glassy cell carcinoma of the cervix successfullyl treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical hyterectorny, with a brief review of literatures.
Cell Membrane ; Cervix Uteri* ; Coloring Agents ; Cytoplasm ; Drug Therapy* ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Female ; Glass ; Hysterectomy* ; Pregnancy ; Prognosis ; Prunus ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Clinicians are frequently challenged to interpret gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with inflammatory disease (IBD). Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)-like symptoms are common in patients with IBD and the underlying mechanism is likely to be active or occult inflammation of the bowel rather than co-existing IBS. Biopsychosocial construct and mucosal inflammation, stress, alteration of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and autonomic dysregulation are contributing factors to IBD-IBS. In particular, low-grade inflammation and immune activation are recent topics regarding the underlying mechanism. Some authors have claimed that inflammation could be a common pathophysiologic factor, in which IBS and IBD might represent the two ends of a wide spectrum of chronic inflammatory conditions. Mast cells, enteroendocrine cells, T cells, and B cells are main effector cells in immune responses. Differentiating IBS symptoms from exacerbation of IBD is important, thus preventing the use of excessive IBD medications, with the potential side effects, or narcotics. Medical treatments with anti-diarrheals, anti-spasmodics, anti-depressants, and anxiolytics can be helpful. However, abuse can lead to medication-dependency and bring about side effects. A healthy, balanced lifestyle, including diet and exercise, should be endorsed.
Anti-Anxiety Agents ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; B-Lymphocytes ; Colitis, Microscopic ; Diet ; Enteroendocrine Cells ; Humans ; Immunity, Mucosal ; Inflammation ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; Life Style ; Mast Cells ; Narcotics ; T-Lymphocytes

To get basic data for the development of health care toward the staff of a university, an evaluation study of the risk factors for the cardiovascular disease utilizing data from questionnaire and health examination performed in 1994 for 1233 staff of Chosun University and its affiliated Hospital. The results are as follows: 1. The mean values of systolic blood pressure was 122.0+/-14.7mmHg for the male and 111.8+/-12. lmmHg for the female. The mean values of diastolic blood pressure was 82. 5+/-12.0mmHg for the male and 73.7+/-10.0mmHg for the female. The mean values of serum total cholesterol was 185.6+/-33.4mg/dl for the male and 173.5+/-32.6mg/dl for the female. The mean values of body mass index(BMI) was 23. l+/-2.4kg/m2 for the male and 21.5+/-2.3kg/m2 for the female. The smoking rate of the male was 47. 6% and that of the female was 0.4%. 2. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels increased with age in both sexes. Under 55 years of age the mean blood pressures of the male were higher than that of the female, but the levels of both sexes at 55-64 year old group did not show any big difference. The mean values of serum total cholesterol and BMI also increased with age in both sexes. Under 45 years of age, the serum cholesterol and BMI levels of the male were higher than that of the female, but on the contrary, levels of the male were lower than that of the female at 55-64 year old groups. The mean cholestrol and BMI levels of both sexes at 45-54 year old group was similar. As the age increases, the rate of exsmoker increased and the rate of current smoker decreased among the male. 3. The additive cardiovascular risk scores were calculated considering the values of blood pressure, serum total cholesterol level and the smoking status. The distribution curve of risk scores for the male showed 39. 1% under 4 points and 60.9% above 4 points with the peak at 4 points. 61.7% of the female showed that the risk scores were under 4 points and the rest was more than 4 points with maximum 9 points. As a whole the risk scores of the female were lower than that of the male. 4. By the analysis of association between the risk score of cardiovascular disease and the subjective symptom under the stratification of age and sex, the prevalence of exertional dyspnea was significantly higher at 35-44 year male group and prevalence of dizziness was significantly higher at 45-64 year male group as the risk score of cardiovascular disease increased. Among 25 34 year and 45-64 year female group persons with lower risk score of cardiovascular disease showed higher prevalence of dizziness than persosns with higher risk score.
Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cholesterol ; Delivery of Health Care ; Dizziness ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors* ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Surveys and Questionnaires

It has been thought for many years that gastric adenocarcinoma almost never crosses the pylorus. Although this theory was generally accepted, several studies have refuted it. We report three cases of gastric adenocarcinoma direct spreading into the duodenum that was diagnosed by endoscopic duodenal biopsy and review the literature.
Adenocarcinoma ; Biopsy ; Duodenum* ; Endoscopy ; Pylorus

While anomalies of the pancreaticobiliary system are not uncommon, drainage of the common bile duct into the bulb of the duodenum has rarely been reported. The awareness of ectopic drainage of the CBD is stressed to prevent surgical damage and improve medical management in this area. We reported one case of anomalous drainage of the CBD and pancreatic duct associated with nonvisible gallbladder or agenesis of gallbladder and cystic duct diagnosed by ERCP, ultrasonography and upper abdominal CT.
Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Common Bile Duct* ; Cystic Duct ; Drainage* ; Duodenum ; Gallbladder ; Pancreatic Ducts* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography

While anomalies of the pancreaticobiliary system are not uncommon, drainage of the common bile duct into the bulb of the duodenum has rarely been reported. The awareness of ectopic drainage of the CBD is stressed to prevent surgical damage and improve medical management in this area. We reported one case of anomalous drainage of the CBD and pancreatic duct associated with nonvisible gallbladder or agenesis of gallbladder and cystic duct diagnosed by ERCP, ultrasonography and upper abdominal CT.
Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Common Bile Duct* ; Cystic Duct ; Drainage* ; Duodenum ; Gallbladder ; Pancreatic Ducts* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography

Extralobar pulmonary sequestration, a rare form of bronchopulmonary sequestration, is a congenital anomaly in which a portion of nonfunctioning lung tissue is surrounded by its own pleura and is supplied by a systemic artery. We describe a case of extralobar pulmonary sequestration with unusual features. CT scanning of the chest demonstrated a non-enhancing, hyperdense mass within the right major fissure, and thoracotomy revealed that the mass received blood from a branch of the right pulmonary artery and drained into the left atrium. The pathologic diagnosis was extralobar pulmonary sequestration.
Arteries ; Bronchopulmonary Sequestration* ; Diagnosis ; Heart Atria ; Lung ; Pleura ; Pulmonary Artery ; Thoracotomy ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVE: the enzymes cyclooxygenase(COX)-1 and -2 are necessary for the synthesis of prostaglandins. COX-2 is usually absent in normal cells and is upregulated and expressed as a product of the "immediate early" gene during inflammatory processes. In previous studies, the expression of COX-2 has been shown to be induced by prointlammatory cytockines, and suggestions have been made that overexpression of COX-2 supresses apoptosis and is directly related to tumor growth. We the authors have attempted to determine a relationship between the tumor invasion and metastasis of uterine cervical cancer and COX and apoptosis by comparing the protein expression of apoptosis and COX-I and COX-2 in tumor tissues confirmed with cytokeratin, and therefe determine the clinicopathologic risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The subjects were 18 patients who were FIGO stage IB uterine cervical cancer patients who underwent surgery at the Ajou University Medical Center. The 18 cases were comprised of 12 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 3 cases each of adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma. There were 9 cases with lymph node or prarametrial involvement and 13 cases with lymphvascular space involvement. All tissues obtained from the cases were subject to immunohistochemical staining for COX-1, -2 and TUNEL method for apoptosis detection, and the following results were obtained. RESULTS: Tumor tissues confirmed by cytokeratin wae separated into tumor surface, tumor stroma, and invasion site portions, and in which increased apoptosis was observed in the tumor surface and tumor stmma, but not in the invasion sites. COX-2 expression was observed in all tumor tissues, which was especially strong in the tumor invasion site. Therefore, it is suggested that COX-2 expression may supress cell apoptosis at the site of tumor invasion. When COX-2 expression was investigated when the cases were divided into groups with regard to the presence or absence of lymph node or parametrial involvement, there was statistically significant (Mann-Whitney U test) COX-2 expression seen microscopically in the tumor stroma (p-value=0.028) and tumor invasion site (p-value=0.040) compared to the tumor surface (p-value=0.499). In other words, in surgically treated stage IB cervical cancer patients, COX-2 was significantly expressed when lymph node or parametrial involvement was present. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the expression of COX-2 in stage IB cervical cancer patients may downregulate apoptosic processes and thus enhances tumor invasion and metastasis.
Academic Medical Centers ; Adenocarcinoma ; Apoptosis ; Carcinoma, Adenosquamous ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Humans ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Keratins ; Lymph Nodes* ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases* ; Prostaglandins ; Risk Factors ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

The superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical are oxygen free radicals which arise in cell metabolism and which are toxic to cells, with an important role in carcinogenesis. The measurement of the oxygen free radical is a problem due to the instantaneously changing nature, and therefore the superoxide dismutase(SOD) is employed which act as an oxygen free radical scavenger. The authors quantitatively analyzed the SOD levels in normal uterine cervix epithelium, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, and in invasive cervical cancer patients by the SOD-525R spectrophotometric assay and compared the results between each group with respect to prognostic variables such as stage of disease, cell type, lymph node involvement, and SCC Ag(TA-4 Ag) levels. The mean SOD levels were 0.41U/ml, 0.39U/ml and 0.73U/ml in the normal uterine cervix, intraepithelial neoplasia, and invasive cervical cancer groups, respectively, showing statistically significant difference by the Oneway anova test(p=0.05). The mean SOD levels according to the stage of disease were 0.5U/ml, 0.62U/ml, and 1. 15U/ml for stages I a, I b, and stage II and above(p=0.029). For the cell type the SOD levels were 0.77/ml for squamous cell carcinoma and 0.57U/ml for adenocarcinoma(p=0.15). For cancer cell lymph node involvement cases, the mean SOD levels were 0.75U/ml and 0.57U/ml for lymph node involvement and no involvement respectively(p=NS). The mean SOD levels also did not show any significance when compared with SCC Ag levels where SOD was 0.78U/ml for SCC Ag levels of more than 2.0ng/ml, and 0.77U/ml for SCC Ag levels of less than 2.0ng/ml. From the above results the authors conclude that SOD levels were higher in invasive cervical cancer tissues compared to intraepithelial neoplasia and normal cervical tissues, that SOD levels increased with higher stage of disease, and that there was no relationship between SOD levels and known prognostic variables such as cell type, lymph node involvement and SCC Ag level.
Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; Cervix Uteri ; Epithelium ; Female ; Free Radicals ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Hydroxyl Radical ; Lymph Nodes ; Metabolism ; Oxygen* ; Superoxides* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms