Trichofolliculoma is an adnexal tumor of hair follicle oriyin, considered to be of intermediate differentiation between a hair follicle nevus, a simple hyperolasia of the hair follicle, and trichoepithelioma, Which usually lacks mature hair follicles. Grossly the tumor usually appears on the head or neck as a 0.5 to 1.0cm solitary white to pearly papule, Many lesions show a cental pore, and occasionally woolly or cottony hairs may protrude from this pore. Histologically, trichofolliculomas are characterized by a central dilated follicle filled with keratin or hair. Radiating from this primary hair follicle are numerous secndary hair follicles of varying degrees of maturation. An organized fibro-vascular stroma surrounds these epithelial structure, giving it a well-defined nodular appearance. We presented here two case of trichofolliculoma with typical clnical and histopathological findings, one in a 65 year-old female and the other a 56 year-old males.
Aged ; Female ; Hair ; Hair Follicle ; Head ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Nevus

Trichofolliculoma is an adnexal tumor of hair follicle oriyin, considered to be of intermediate differentiation between a hair follicle nevus, a simple hyperolasia of the hair follicle, and trichoepithelioma, Which usually lacks mature hair follicles. Grossly the tumor usually appears on the head or neck as a 0.5 to 1.0cm solitary white to pearly papule, Many lesions show a cental pore, and occasionally woolly or cottony hairs may protrude from this pore. Histologically, trichofolliculomas are characterized by a central dilated follicle filled with keratin or hair. Radiating from this primary hair follicle are numerous secndary hair follicles of varying degrees of maturation. An organized fibro-vascular stroma surrounds these epithelial structure, giving it a well-defined nodular appearance. We presented here two case of trichofolliculoma with typical clnical and histopathological findings, one in a 65 year-old female and the other a 56 year-old males.
Aged ; Female ; Hair ; Hair Follicle ; Head ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Nevus

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Adenosquamous* ; Lung*

OBJECTIVE: This study compared the effects of opioids antagonist naltrexone and serotonin-dopamine recepter antagonist olanzapine on the reduction of alcohol consumption level of alcohol intake reinforced C57BL-6 type rat. METHODS: Small amount of alcohol and water were applied to the 28 rats for 2 hours per day during 30 days. On the 31th day, The rats were divided into four groups and given different medications by intraabdominal route 30 minutes before the alcohol consumption. For the next 35 days, the 3 subject group were applied with naltrexone 5mg/kg, olanzapine 0.1mg/kg and olanzapine 1.0mg/kg and the control group with distilled water everyday. RESULTS: In contrast to control group, naltrexone 5mg/kg group showed a significant reduction of alcohol consumption after 4 weeks. Olanzapine 0.1mg/kg group showed a decrease of alcohol consumption from 2 to 5 week period. Although olanzapine 1mg/kg group showed a momentary decrease of the consumption during the 2nd and 3rd weeks, the group did not show significant decrease afterwards. Olanzapine 0.1mg/kg was more effective in reducing the alcohol consumption than olanzapine 1mg/kg. However, it is not significantly more effective compared to the naltrexone 5mg/kg in reducing the alcohol consumption of the reinforced rats' alcohol intake. CONCLUSION: This results suggest that the low dose of olanzapine as well as naltrexone reduce the alcohol intake in C57BL-6 type rats.
Alcohol Drinking* ; Alcoholism ; Analgesics, Opioid ; Animals ; Naltrexone* ; Rats* ; Water

OBJECTIVE: This research was performed to evaluate the relation clinical symptoms and P300 in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS: 25 patients with schizophenia by DSM-IV in Soonchunhyang Chunan University hospital were participated. Clinical symptoms were checked by BPRS (Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale) and PANSS (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale). Auditory event related potentials P300 components were obtained with "Oddball paradigm". RESULTS: P300 in T 3 was smaller and more delayed than T 4 in patients with schizophrenia. Especially, P300 on T 3 were correlated with BPRS scores and negative symptoms scores of PANSS, which were also correlated with P300 on Fz. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that P300 on frontal and left temporal lobe reflect clinical symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.
Chungcheongnam-do ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Event-Related Potentials, P300 ; Evoked Potentials ; Humans ; Schizophrenia* ; Temporal Lobe

PURPOSE: Laparoscopic simple prostatectomy was recently developed to treat voluminous benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). We describe the surgical technique and assess the feasibility of laparoscopic simple prostatectomy through our early experience. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records of 11 patients who underwent laparoscopic simple prostatectomy between March 2008 and January 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. The subjects were limited to the patients who satisfied the following conditions: prostate volume was at least 75 g, acute urinary retention repeatedly occurred or maximal flow rate (Qmax) was at most 10 ml/s, and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) was at least 12. The surgery was performed by the laparoscopic extraperitoneal approach with a transcapsular route. Feasibility was assessed by objective operative parameters (reconversion, operating time, and blood loss) and perioperative complications. Data on short-term follow-up were also available. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 70.6 years. Mean preoperative prostate-specific antigen and prostate volume were 6.1 ng/ml and 109.3 cc, respectively. Mean operation time was 191.9 minutes and estimated blood loss was 390.9 cc. The resected adenoma weighed on average 72.4 g. No conversion to open surgery was required. Mean preoperative IPSS and quality of life (QoL) scores were 26.86 and 4.86. Mean Qmax, measured before the surgery, was 4.5 ml/s and residual urine was 106 ml. Mean postoperative IPSS and QoL scores were 4.2 and 1.5. After the surgery, mean Qmax was 15.5 ml/s and residual urine was 24.1 ml. CONCLUSIONS: In the case of voluminous BPH, laparoscopic retropubic simple prostatectomy is expected to be a useful treatment on the condition that the learning curve can be overcome with clinical experience.
Adenoma ; Conversion to Open Surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Learning Curve ; Medical Records ; Prostate ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Quality of Life ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Retention

PURPOSE: We evaluated the differences in pathological outcomes between prostate cancers (PCas) diagnosed at initial and repeat biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 287 patients who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy from 2005 to 2010. We investigated preoperative factors, such as age, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), prostate volume (PV), digital rectal examination (DRE) results, biopsy schema, clinical stage, and number of prior biopsies, and postoperative pathological outcomes, including specimen volume, percent tumor volume, Gleason score (GS), tumor bilaterality, pathological stage, positive surgical margin (PSM), lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and perineural invasion (PNI). Patients were then classified into two groups by the number of prior biopsies (initial biopsy vs. repeat biopsy). We compared preoperative factors and postoperative pathological outcomes between the two groups. RESULTS: Of the 287 patients, 246 (85.7%) were diagnosed with cancer at the initial biopsy and 41 (14.3%) at the repeat biopsy. The repeat biopsy group was older (p=0.048), had a larger PV (p=0.009), had a significantly different biopsy schema (p<0.001), and had a lower (<10%) percentage tumor volume (p=0.016). In the multivariate analysis (after adjustment for biopsy schema, age, serum PSA, PV, and DRE), repeat biopsy was not an independent predictor of GS, tumor bilaterality, pathological stage, PSM, LVI, or PNI (p=0.212, 0.456, 0.459, 0.917, 0.991 and 0.827, respectively), but repeat biopsy could predict lower percentage tumor volume (p=0.037). CONCLUSIONS: The pathological outcomes of PCas detected at repeat biopsy were not significantly different from those of PCas detected at initial biopsy except for a lower (<10%) percentage tumor volume.
Biopsy ; Digital Rectal Examination ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Grading ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ; Prostate ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Retrospective Studies ; Tumor Burden

PURPOSE: The factors that predict prostate cancer detection on repeat biopsy were evaluated in patients with atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP) on the initial biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 2003 to 2008, 3,130 men with suspected prostate cancer underwent a prostate needle biopsy, and 244 (7.8%) were diagnosed as having ASAP. One hundred seventy of 244 patients were rebiopsied at least once more. They were classified into a prostate cancer group and a noncancer group according to the final pathological diagnosis. The database of rebiopsied patients included age, initial prostate-specific antigen (PSA), PSA density (PSAD), PSA velocity (PSAV), total prostate volume (TPV), and transitional zone volume of the prostate (TZV). We compared differences in the aforementioned parameters between the 2 groups. RESULTS: A total of 57 patients (33.5%) with ASAP were ultimately shown to have prostate cancer. Univariate analysis showed that PSAD (p=0.002), PSAV (p=0.001), TPV (p=0.035), and TZV (p=0.005) differed significantly between the cancer and noncancer groups. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that PSAD (p=0.022), PSAV (p<0.001), and TPV (p=0.037) had a statistically significant correlation with cancer detection. CONCLUSIONS: PSAD, PSAV, and TPV are predictive factors of prostate cancer in patients with an initial diagnosis of ASAP of the prostate. Although repeat biopsy is mandatory irrespective of PSA values, the follow-up of PSA may help to estimate the probability of cancer in these men.
Biopsy ; Biopsy, Needle ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Prostate ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Neoplasms

PURPOSE: Laparoscopic left lateral sectionectomy (LLLS) has been widely accepted due to benefits of minimally invasive surgery. Some surgeons prefer to isolate glissonian pedicles to segments II and III and to control individual pedicles with surgical clips, whereas opt like to control glissonian pedicles simultaneously using endoscopic stapling devices. The aim of this study was to find the rationale of LLLS using endoscopic staples. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed and compared the clinical outcomes (operation time, drainage length, transfusion, hospital stay, and complication rate) of 35 patients that underwent LLLS between April 2004 and February 2012. Patients were dichotomized by surgical technique based on whether glissonian pedicles were isolated and controlled (the individual group, n = 21) or controlled using endoscopic staples at once (the batch group, n = 14). RESULTS: Mean operation time was 265.3 +/- 21.3 minutes (mean +/- standard deviation) in the individual group and 170 +/- 22.9 minutes in the batch group. Operation time in the batch group was significantly shorter than the individual group (P = 0.007). Mean drainage length was 4.8 +/- 1.6 and 2.6 +/- 1.5 days in the individual and the batch group. There was significantly shorter in the batch group, also (P = 0.006). No transfusion was required in the batch group, but 4 patients in the individual group needed transfusion. Mean hospital stay was 10.7 +/- 1.1 and 9.4 +/- 0.8 days in the individual and the batch groups (P = 0.460). There were no significant complications or mortality in both groups. CONCLUSION: LLLS using endoscopic staples (batch group) was found to be an easier and safer technique without morbidity or mortality.
Drainage ; Hepatectomy ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Length of Stay ; Mortality ; Retrospective Studies ; Surgical Instruments ; Surgical Procedures, Minimally Invasive ; Sutures

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of the combined preparation of black cohosh and St. John's wort (GYNO-Plus(R)) in post menopausal women with symptoms. METHODS: A total number of 60 postmenopausal women with climacteric symptoms was allocated to take GYNO-Plus(R) for 3 months. And the change of the Kupperman menopausal index (KI), serum FSH and E2 level, bone densitometry (BMD), mammographic density, liver function test (LFT) and adverse effects were assessed. RESULTS: There was statistical difference in the decline of KI after 3 months treatment. But, there were no statistical differences in the change of serum FSH and E2 level, BMD, mammographic density, and LFT. There were nine adverse events in study, but two cases were directly related to the drug and they were resolved without any sequela. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the combined preparation of black cohosh and St. John's wort is a safe, effective alternative treatment option for patients in whom hormone replacement therapy is either refused or contraindicated.
Cimicifuga* ; Climacteric ; Densitometry ; Female ; Hormone Replacement Therapy ; Humans ; Hypericum* ; Liver Function Tests ; Menopause