Risk of breast cancer is higher in upper 40-year women than in under 40-year women, in non-childbirth women than in childbirth women, in women who have the first children at 25 years old or more than in those who have the first children at lower than 25 years old. Breastfeeding women have lower risk of breast cancer than non-breastfeeding those. The women with history of chloroorganic insecticide exposure have higher risk of breast cancer than those without this history.
Breast Neoplasms ; Risk factors ; Rural Population ; women ; hospitals

A study aimed to find the risk factors such as age, mentrual history, rounds of pregnancy, rounds of delivery and mother’s age when having the first baby carried out in 1,220 patients with breast cancer and 1,487 persons without breast cancer.The results have shown that the breast cancer closely related with age group, age of the first mentruation, but was not related with rounds of pregnancy and round of delivery. The high mother’s age of having the first baby increased the risk of breast cancer.
Breast Neoplasms ; Risk factors

A hospital-based case-control study was carried out to identify the age at first live birth and history of exposure to pesticides as risk factors of breast cancer. 1,220 patients with breast cancer and 1,487 age-matched controls examined between 1993-1997 were included in this study. Analyses demonstrated that unmarried women had breast cancer rate of 7.7%. Among cancer women, the number of those who had not any live birth was 121 (9.9%). The rates of cancer among women who were under 20, 20-24, 24-29 and 30 years or more at first live birth were 11.2%, 35.8%, 25.1% and 17.9%, respectively. Women who had history of exposure to pesticides and were 30-34 years at first live birth had higher risk for breast cancer (odds ratio 2.327; p<0.05) than those who were without this history and those had similar history of exposure to organophosphorines, organochlorines, carbamate and so on. (OR: 2.337, 3.107, 6.378, respectively).
Breast Neoplasms ; Risk factors ; Pesticides ; Parturition ; Birth Order

A descriptive study was carried out on children less than five years who were born during January 1st, 1996 - December 31st, 2000 in Dong Son and Nga Son district, Thanh Hoa province. Results has shown that the malnutrition rate in children in Nga Son was higher than this in Dong Son, especially malnutrition grade II and III according to the body weight. In contrary, the malnutrition rate in Dong Son was higher than this in Nga Son according to the high
Malnutrition ; Nutrition Disorders ; child ; Body Weight

The descriptive study was conducted on under 5-year children who was born between January 1, 1996 to December 31, 2000 in Dong Son and Nga Son districts, Thanh Hãa province. Malnutrition was classified using age-based weight scale (Gomez scale) and height-based weight scale (Waterlow scale). The results showed that by both scales, malnutrition was more likely to be seen in boys than in girls (p<0.01). Children aged 40-49 months of old were more likely to have malnutrition than other age groups (p<0.01).
Malnutrition ; Nutrition Disorders ; epidemiology

Study of 330 samples of smokers selected from smoking population living in Da Nang city. This was a cross-sectional study. Result: The mean age of smokers was 20.5+/-13.5 years old and each consumed 13.1+/-7.7 cigarettes per day. The harms of tobacco on health of the smoker’s health included 61.8% of pneumonia, 30.1% of bronchitis, 17.9% of chronic lung diseases, 2.8% of ARI, 31.0% of lung cancers, 17.6% of cardiovascular diseases, and 14.4% of neurological disorders. Main sources of information providing to smokers with the knowledge of tobacco's harms from broadcasting and television and warning on the package was very limited.
Smoking ; Health ; Knowledge

The study described the concern, perception, the health warning design that impressed women in Da Nang city. Study subjects were 330 women aged from 20 to 49 living in family of the smokers enrolled in a cross-sectional study. The results showed that 81. 7% women in Da Nang city were interested in the health warning; 98.2% women believed in the content of the health warning that cigarettes are harmful to the health; and 93.3% women thought the health warning reflected the evidence of the cigarette smoking. 62% women thought that the health warning strongly impressed the community; the content of the health warning reflected accurate harms of smoking, and the design of health warning should be printed bigger (73.9%) and should be on main sides of the package (47.2%). 18.7% of them thought that health warning should be changed periodically and recommended that the time for changing should be once a year.
Smoking ; Women, Health

Study 789 people who live in Le Chan district, Hai Phong city in which from 15 to 19 year old: 15%; 20-24 years: 14.7%; 25-44 years: 34.0%; 45-64 year old: 31.6% and over 65 years: 4.8% and the average age is 36.62 + 15.1. The tobacco smoking rate: 40.6% in the study (male: 72.1%, female: 4.3%). The average time of smoking: 13.5 ± 9.4 years and for 10 years or more: 61.1% (male:13.9 ± 9.3 years, female: 5.7 ± 7.8 years). Among total of 324 people has smoked and has been smoking, from half to one packet/day: 65.6%, from 5-9 cigarretes per day: 23.5%, smoke over 20 cigarretes per day and under 3 cigarretes per day: 1.9%. The average cigarretes smoked by one person is 11.66 ± 6.14.
Smoking ; Epidemiology

A study on nurses and technicians who working at the clinical and para-clinical departments in the Medical Center of Thanh Oai District in 2005. In the clinical department, time spent for measuring pulse, temperature and blood pressure is 10 minutes/patient/day and for intravenous injection and following up are 20 minutes/patient. Time spent for changing bandage and taking out stitches in surgical patient is 15 minutes/patient and time for a labor delivery is 2 hours/pregnant woman. Time spent for hematological and biological tests is 5 minute/specimen and for microbiological and parasite tests is 10minutes/specimen. Daily meeting of department for nurses, technicians and midwives is 15minutes/day, total cleaning in department is 1 hour/week.
Medical staff ; Nurses

5 hot points of prostitution activities, intravenuos drug use and HIV infections in Ha Tinh Province were Nghi Xuan District, Hong Linh Town, Ha Tinh Provincial City, Thach Ha district and Ky Anh District, which enrolled in the study. 20% of prostites used the condom in intercourse, their 20% had got sexually transmited diseases. The awareness on HIV/AIDS was underaccessible to them. 30- 50% of drug intravenous users shared the needles, 80% among them used condoms in sexual relation with prostitutes.
HIV/prevention & control ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control ; Knowledge ; Awareness