BACKGROUND: The prescriptions of multi-component have been the subject of chemical study fora long time. Therefore, when compounding the preparations of multi-component in traditionalmedicine, their taste is cautiously relied on, as the power of the medicine should not be subduedwith the power of another. Our research group has been carrying out tests on the raw materials,which are contained in multi-component prescriptions. However, research on multiple prescriptionsis relatively less being carried out.The traditional medicine naro-3 is used in traditionalmedical practicefor the treatment of inflammationand as a pain relieving remedy. Naro-3 is composed of 3 medicinal herbs including AconitumKuznezoffii Reichb, Terminalia chebula Retz, Piper longum L.GOAL: The aim of the study is to investigate some phytochemical compounds of traditional prescriptionNaro-3.OBJECTIVES:1. To reveal biological active substances of naro-3;2. The sum of the quantitative chemical study by spectrophotometry;3. To establish main criteria of standardMATERIALS AND METHODS: Traditional medicine narî-3 was produced from the Traditional Medicinefactoryof TMSTPC. In the phytochemical research, biological active substances were determinedby thin layer chromatography (TLC), on silica gel plats. The total contents of alkaloid and tannincompounds were determined by titrimetric method. TheMongolian pharmacopoeia was used fordetermination of quality parameters of traditional medicine Naro-3.RESULTS: TLC measurements of biological active substances of naro-3 showed that contains gallicacid and alkaloids respectively. The result of our research it was determined that the total tannin10.4 percent, total alkaloid 2.47 percent and organic acid 2.67 percent in drug Naro-3.CONCLUSION: The results of the study indicate that naro-3 contains a large amount of biologicalactive substances such as tannins, alkaloids and organic acids, which are connected with its painrelieving and anti-inflammatory effects.

Regardless the possession of any graduation and qualifications anywhere in order to train the doctors and medical professionals with the capabilities to work in any places there are the needs of the knowledgeable mentors to teach their knowledge, abilities and trends to the students in national, regional and international levels. This survey was started to determine the needs of the skills development of the mentors of the Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences under the mission to make it as one of the best 100 medical universities in the Asia-Pacific region and in order to create the favorable environment to accelerate the development of the university and creating a team consists from qualified mentors and researchers by improving the trainings, researches and clinical favorable environment including the quality improvement of the activities.The total of 333 mentors from the 5 structures and 3 branches of the Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences were surveyed to be developed by the University of Michigan including the use of the widely used questionnaires in the universities consisting from 7 groups and 81 questions to determine the needs of the mentors.The working range of the best medical mentors including their needs of the skills was studied. The 55.7% (50.4-61.0%) of the mentors included in the survey were told that the facilitation of the learning needed, 82.4% (78.3-86.5%) as the role models needed, 79.9% (75.6-84.2%) as the provision of the information is needed, 76.3% (71.7-80.9%) as 82.8% (78.8-86.9%) as the planning needed and 81.0% (76.8-85.2%) as the assessment of the training is needed.There is a need to develop the skills related to the 6 frameworks as the learning facilitation for the mentors, role model providers, information providers, resource developers, planners and assessors.

Risk of nephrotith disease increases relating with using high hardened water, not suitable diet, being sensitive for some kind of food products. Then for Mongolia, particularly Bulgan province which is located in basin of the Selenge river is consisted in regions which have high hardened water. Sickness rate of renal diseases especially nephtolith disease is high in population of Selenge soum of Bulgan province. It was main reason of choose this subject and investigate non organic substances in urine of population and determine risks of nephtolith disease for them. To determine оne of the factors affecting the formation of the disease is to study the composition of drinking water and investigate non organic substances in urine. We used cross-sectional methodology for our study. Our study was conducted from June, 2013 to November, 2014. Household water used portable water dissemination and homes with private wells and water samples from the river.Drinking water analyzed of the chemistry parameters (13 substances) in the chemistry and toxicology laboratories in Orkhon aimag. There was 300 urine analyze was done and 62 of them was confirmed nephtolith disease with it. We investigated non-organic substances in their urine. Interviews people in the study, the average age was 43.26±14.7. 64.2% of participants was answered that they use ground water (private groundwater wells), 25.4% use external water (the well water), 8.1% use river water, 2.3 use pure water when asked about their water supply. Composition of samples from drinking water standard was near to the standard assessments by comparing the maximum amount of. We were considered the most important water pH, solids, iron, chlorine analysis compares removable wells and private wells. Hardness for 53.3% of the well of 2.5-3.5 mg/l with hard water, private wells, 60.0% of 4.6-5.5 mg/l solids by of water. Wells chlorides portable 66.7% 14.4-25.3 mg/l, and private wells 13.3% of 4.3-14.3 mg /l. 20.7 percent of survey identified as the kidney and urinary tract diseases. Urat salt (32.1%), compound of urat and sodium (32.1%), oxalate (14.5%), sodium (13.4%), compound of oxalate and sodium (6.4%), phosphate (1.5%) was determined in urine analyze. It was close to the water content of the standard performance. The well water solids of 2.5-3.5 mg/l and private groundwater wells solids of 4.6-5.5 mg/l. And the well chlorides 14.4-25.3 mg/l and private groundwater wells chlorides 4.3-14.3 mg/l.Urat and compound of urat and sodium are dominated in composition of stone during nephrolith disease (p=0.043).

IntroductionRheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is chronic systemic inflammatory autoimmune disorder that still remains a disease of unknown etiology and complex disease without a single treatment that is dominated by serious and debilitating sequalae resulting from synovial membrane, cartilage and progressive joint destruction involvement. There is a one major obstacle in elucidating the early events in the pathogenesis of RA has been the lack of definition of the initial features of the disease. To overcome these difficulties, various animal models have been developed. But Collagen Induced Arthritis (CIA) mouse model is known to be the most valuable animal model to explore the pathogenic process, molecular and cellular mechanisms of joint destruction, to discover the immune system respond and activation and to develop new effective treatment methods and useful drugs [1].Materials and Methods:Within this study we have used 40 male mice at age 6-8 weeksfor 0-60 days and divided into following 4 groups which are:I group–CIA induced mouse group treated with Derveger Jirgeruu (Saposhnicovia divaricata) (n=12) II group–CIA induced mouse group treated with Natriisalicylas (10%) (n=12) III group–Healthy control mouse group (n=8) IV group–CIA inducedcontrol mouse group (n=8). To induce CIA model, we have used standard method of Murali /2005/’s design. Standard drug Natriisalicylas (10mg/ 20gr), one of the often used drug anti-inflammatory and Mongolian herbal plant Derveger jirgeruu (Saposhnicovia divaricate) (0.26mg/20gr) were daily administered by orally, starting on day 21 until day 60.To evaluate and compare 2 drug’s anti-inflammatory effect, we have done clinical score evaluation (Kim W.U, 2002), laboratory testing and histological examination of the joints using standard methods.ResultTo summarize the research result, both medications have proven to be as a medication which has anti-inflammatory effect that decreased the signs and symptoms of RA by it is histological and laboratory analysis.Conclusions:1. CIA model was effectively induced, which have proven by clinical signs, laboratory result and histological examination.2. Within this study it has proven that traditional herbal medicine Derveger Jirgeruu (Saposhnicovia divaricate) (0.26mg/20g) have anti-inflammatory effect on CIA induced mouse model of Rheumatoid Arthritis, which have had similar effect asstandard non-steroid medicine Natriisalicylas (10mg/20g).

BACKGROUND. Sensorineural hearing impairment (SNHI) is the most common inherited sensory defect, affecting about 3 per 1000 children. More than 50% of these patients have a genetic cause (i.e. hereditary hearing impairment; HHI). Mutations in certain genes were noted to be extraordinarily popular in the deaf patients across different populations, making molecular screening feasible for these common deafness genes. One of the most important characteristics that we have learned concerning hereditary hearing loss is that common deafness genes and their mutations are usually different according to the ethnic background. As demonstrated in our previous studies performed in Taiwanese patients, the mutation spectrums of common deafness genes, such as the GJB2 gene and the SLC26A4 gene, are different from those in the Caucasian or even other Asian populations. These findings further underscore the indispensability of the collection of local data in terms of genetic counseling. In the collaborative project, we have successfully established a cohort of >100 hearing-impaired families, and clarified the genetic epidemiology of deafness in the Mongolian population. We identified several special deafness mutations such as GJB2 c.23+1G>A, c.559_604dup, and SLC26A4 c.919-2A>G, and our results revealed that Mongolian patients demonstrate a unique genetic profile in deafness as compared to other East Asian populations (paper in preparation). Meanwhile, by organizing a seminar at National Taiwan University Hospital in March 2017, we have transferred crucial concepts and techniques regarding how to perform genetic testing for deafness to the Mongolian colleagues. In the future, we plan to strengthen the mutual collaboration by expanding the clinical cohort and upgrading the genetic examination platform using the NGS techniques.

Background: Children with developmental disabilities benefit from support in motor skills, sensory processing, cognitive development, and social skills. Mongolia has trained occupational therapists for a decade, with 37% specializing in pediatrics, but long-term therapy facilities remain limited. Aim: This study provides a case report on a child with developmental disabilities who received occupational therapy to evaluate improvements in sensory processing, social communication, and daily living skills. Materials and Methods: The study participants were purposively selected from children undergoing occupational therapy at the “Enerel” Child Development Center. Participant A is a 16-year-old male with hearing and speech impairments, as well as an intellectual disability. The initial assessment showed poor sensory processing and behavioral problems and communication difficulties. A tailored program incorporating sensory-based therapies, communication cards, and sign language was developed with caregiver collaboration. Occupational therapy was conducted five times weekly for 11 weeks. Pre and post test assessments included goal attainment scaling (GAS) and Sensory profile 2 (Child). Results: The participant showed improved communication using cards and sign language, better emotional regulation, enhanced sensory processing, and reduced hyperactivity to external stimuli. Goal Achievement (GAS) +2, meaning the goal was achieved better than expected and positive changes were found on the Sensory profile 2, with large effect sizes. Conclusion The study found that sensory- based occupational therapy and sign language training improved occupational performance and goal achievement in children with sensory, behavioral, and communication difficulties.

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and systemic inflammatory disorder affecting multiple joints. Although etiology of RA is not fully understood, TNF-alpha has been shown to play a central role in the pathogenesis of RA. TNF-alpha stimulates proliferation of synovial cells and the production of matrix metalloproteinases by chondrocytes and synovial cells, and induces the release of other pro- inflammatory cytokines, leading to joint destruction. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of sunlavin, an arthritis relief tea on antigen- induced arthritis in rabbits. Methods: Arthritis of the knee joints was induced by ovalbumin injection into the joint spaces of pre-immunised rabbits. For time course experiments sunlavin was administered to rabbits for 7, 20, 34, and 49 days. Histopathological analysis of the synovial tissue was performed. Level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C reactive protein (CRP) level, and white blood cells count (WBC) were measured. Results: Sunlavin reduced joint swelling of antigen-induced arthritis model of rabbits. Histological examination revealed that sunlavin reduced edematous changes and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the synovial tissues. Increases in ESR, CRP, and WBC were reduced up to 52% by sunlavin. Moreover, sunlavin decreased blood level of TNF-alpha (21%) in rabbit model of antigen-induced arthritis suggesting that sunlavin ameliorates inflammatory response in arthritic joints by inhibiting THF-alpha. Discussions and conclusions: We speculate that the effect of sunlavin might be affected by the tissue environment and the disease state, that is, the effect of sunlavin on inflammation may change during the inflammatory process. Sunlavin can be a potential anti-inflammatory agent for acute and chronic phase of inflammation.

Objectives: To study of the effects on traditional drug Sendeng 4 for papain-induced osteoarthritis in rats. Methods: The rats were divided into three equal groups in number and were sacrificed under high-dose ether anesthesia after one, two, and four weeks of the last papain injection, respectively. Osteoarthritis was experimented in Wistar rats. Total 21 rats were injecting an admixture of 4% papain and its activator 0.03 M cycteine into the right knee joints on the first, fourth, and seventh days. The same volume of sterile saline solution was injected into the left knees as controls. Result. Pre sacrifice, measured with the artritis scoring evalution and X ray analysis, after cartilage from femorel condyles and tibial plateaus was macroscopically and histophatologically evaluated. The artritis scoring evalution were significantly lower at Sendeng 4 groups (2.2±0.16) compared to the control (3.7±0.25) groups. (p

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a complex, progressive disease, which is accompanied by multiple cardiovascular complications. Oxidative stress is significantly increased in diabetic patients and may lead to great haemostatic disturbances existing in these patients. The major thrust was to review current literature on potential interrelationships between haemostatic and metabolic abnormalities in diabetes mellitus. Zomoshin-6 decoction and Caragana jubata (Fabaceace) used in traditional Mongolian medicine have been shown to have haemostatic and antiviral effects. Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of Caragana jubata (Pall.) Poir. and Zomoshin-6 decoction on haemostatic parameters and lipid profiles in diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced in rats by using alloxan at a dose of 150 mg/kg. Control group received distilled water. Caragana jubata (Pall.) Poir and Zomoshin-6 were administered orally at doses of 2.0 g/kg and 0.2 g/kg respectively. Aspirin (100mg/kg) was used for comparison as a standard medicine. All treatments were performed daily for 3 weeks. Blood samples were obtained and analyzed for fibrinogen levels, prothrombin time, triglycerides (TG) and plasma uric acid. Results and conclusions: Levels of TG (p<0.05), glucose (p<0.03) and plasma uric acid (p<0.02) were increased in rats administered alloxan compare to control and these were significantly reduced by Caragana jubata and Zomoshin-6 treatments (Table 1). Caragana jubata and Zomoshin-6 significantly reduced increases in fibrinogen (p<0.05) level and prothrombin time induced by alloxan (Table 2). Table 1. Effect of Caragana jubata (Pall.) Poir and Zomoshin-6 on alloxan-induced increase in levels in TG, uric acid, and glucose. Table 2. Effect of Caragana jubata (Pall.) Poir and Zomoshin-6 on levels of fibrinogen and prothrombin time in rats given alloxan Parameters Control Alloxan 150 mg/kg Alloxan 150 mg/kg Caragana jubata 2.0 g/kg Zomoshin-6 tan 0.2 g/kg Aspirin 100 mg/kg Triglycerde ( mg/dl) 80.9±2.9 139.1±1.7 57±1.8* 64.0±2.5* 75±1.7* Uric acid (mg/dl)1.3±0.4 2.82±0.9 0.85±0.1* 0.9±0.2** 1.1±0.6* Glucose (mg/dl) 110.3±2.8 140±11 99.2±5*** 135.5±22* 125.2±31* Control Alloxan 150 mg/kg Alloxan 150 mg/kg Caragana jubata 2.0 g/kg Zomoshin-6 0.2 g/kg Aspirin 100 mg/kg Fibrinogen (g/l)221.2±8.7 254±3.7 264.3±4.0* 207.4±3.5** 168.4±1.9** Prothrombin time (sec) 14.1±4.6 9.57±0.3* 22.7±2.3* 22.8±0.7** 20.5±3

Background: Hypokalemia is considered when the serum potassium level is less than 3.5 mmol/L. Clinical research indicates that hypokalemia affects 20% of hospitalized patients, and in 24% of these cases, inadequate interventions result in life-threatening complications. At present, there is no research available on the prevalence, management, and outcomes of hypokalemia in hospitalized patients, which justifies the need for this study. Aim: The study aimed to examine the prevalence of hypokalemia and the effectiveness of its management in hospitalized patients within the internal medicine department, in relation to the knowledge of doctors and resident physicians. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based retrospective study included a total of 553 cases of patients hospitalized in the Internal Medicine Department of the Mongolia Japan Hospital between January 2024 and August 2024. Patients with a potassium level of <3.5 mmol/L were diagnosed with hypokalemia, and the effectiveness of potassium replacement therapy was evaluated according to the method of supplementation employed. Results: The prevalence of hypokalemia among hospitalized patients in the Internal Medicine Department was 9.8% (54 cases). Based on the study criteria, 42 cases of hypokalemia were selected for further analysis, and a total of 118 potassium replacements were performed through oral, intravenous, and mixed methods. Following potassium replacement therapy, 37.3% (44) of patients achieved normalized potassium levels, while 62.7% (74) still had persistent hypokalemia. Conclusion According to the study results, the prevalence of hypokalemia among hospitalized patients in the Internal Medicine Department is 9.8%. The method of potassium replacement and the severity of hypokalemia do not impact the normalization of potassium levels, with the critical factor being the proper dosage of supplementation. The knowledge of doctors and resident physicians regarding hypokalemia is insufficient, and there is a need to implement guidelines and protocols for potassium replacement therapy in daily clinical practice.