1.HIV and AIDS Data Hub for Asia Pacific: a regional tool to support strategic information needs
Reddy Amala ; Htin Khin Cho Win ; Shwe Ye Yu
Western Pacific Surveillance and Response 2012;3(3):18-21
The 2011 global commitments towards controlling HIV made by Asia-Pacific countries require considerable improvement in strategic information and response tracking. The HIV and AIDS Data Hub can serve as an important tool for stakeholders with its regional database of subnational indicators, web site and data synthesis capacity.
2.HIV surveillance systems in the Asia Pacific region
Loo Virginia ; Saidel Tobi ; Reddy Amala ; Htin Khin Cho Win ; Shwe Ye Yu ; Verbruggen Bob
Western Pacific Surveillance and Response 2012;3(3):9-14
In 2011, the United Nations Joint Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) Regional Support Team for Asia-Pacific conducted a stock-taking process of available strategic information in the Asia Pacific region. This paper summarizes the progress of HIV surveillance for 20 countries in the region, covering population size estimates of key populations at higher risk, HIV case reporting, HIV sentinel surveillance and probability surveys of behavioural and biological markers. Information on surveillance activities was obtained from publically available surveillance reports and protocols, supplemented by personal communication with the UNAIDS monitoring and evaluation advisers and surveillance experts in country. Key findings include substantial efforts in broadening the number and types of HIV surveillance components included in national HIV surveillance systems and adopting approaches to make surveillance more cost-efficient, such as integrating routine programme monitoring data and passive surveillance case reporting systems. More investment in regularly analysing and applying surveillance data to programme strengthening at the subnational level is needed but will require additional capacity-building and resources. The ability to triangulate multiple sources of surveillance data into a more comprehensive view of the HIV epidemic will be enhanced if more investment is made in better documentation and dissemination of surveillance activities and findings.
3.The implementation of problem-based learning in collaborative groups in a chiropractic program in Malaysia.
Ni Ni WIN ; Vishna Devi V NADARAJAH ; Daw Khin WIN
Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions 2015;12(1):17-
PURPOSE: Problem-based learning (PBL) is usually conducted in small-group learning sessions with approximately eight students per facilitator. In this study, we implemented a modified version of PBL involving collaborative groups in an undergraduate chiropractic program and assessed its pedagogical effectiveness. METHODS: This study was conducted at the International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and involved the 2012 chiropractic student cohort. Six PBL cases were provided to chiropractic students, consisting of three PBL cases for which learning resources were provided and another three PBL cases for which learning resources were not provided. Group discussions were not continuously supervised, since only one facilitator was present. The students' perceptions of PBL in collaborative groups were assessed with a questionnaire that was divided into three domains: motivation, cognitive skills, and perceived pressure to work. RESULTS: Thirty of the 31 students (97%) participated in the study. PBL in collaborative groups was significantly associated with positive responses regarding students' motivation, cognitive skills, and perceived pressure to work (P<0.05). The students felt that PBL with learning resources increased motivation and cognitive skills (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The new PBL implementation described in this study does not require additional instructors or any additional funding. When implemented in a classroom setting, it has pedagogical benefits equivalent to those of small-group sessions. Our findings also suggest that students rely significantly on available learning resources.
Chiropractic*
;
Cohort Studies
;
Financial Management
;
Humans
;
Learning
;
Malaysia*
;
Motivation
;
Problem-Based Learning*
5.The imminent threat of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Singapore.
Cynthia Bin-Eng CHEE ; Kyi Win KHIN-MAR ; Jeffery CUTTER ; Yee Tang WANG
Singapore medical journal 2012;53(4):238-240
The global emergence of multidrugresistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-TB threatens to derail the efforts of TB control programmes worldwide. From 2000 to 2010, 161 pulmonary MDR-TB cases (including six XDR-TB cases) were reported in Singapore, and of these, 80% occurred among the foreign-born, with an increasing trend seen after 2004. Among new pulmonary TB cases, the highest incidence of MDR-TB occurred among patients from Myanmar (8%), followed by Vietnam (4.4%) and China (2.3%), while among those previously treated, the highest incidence was found in patients from Vietnam (50%), followed by Indonesia (33%) and Bangladesh (33%). Although the proportion of Singapore-born pulmonary TB cases with MDR-TB has remained comparatively low (0.2% and 1.3% in new and previously treated cases, respectively), there is no room for complacency. Top priority must be accorded toward the proper treatment of drug-susceptible TB cases under strict programme conditions so as to prevent the development of MDR-TB in the first place.
Antitubercular Agents
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therapeutic use
;
Emigrants and Immigrants
;
Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
;
epidemiology
;
Humans
;
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
;
Singapore
;
epidemiology
;
Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant
;
drug therapy
;
epidemiology
;
transmission
6.Brief Smoking Cessation Interventions on Tuberculosis Contacts Receiving Preventive Therapy.
Min Zhi TAY ; Lovel GALAMAY ; Sugunavalli BHOOPALAN ; Kyin Win KHIN MAR ; Yee Tang WANG ; Cynthia Be CHEE
Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 2019;48(1):32-35
Adult
;
Antitubercular Agents
;
therapeutic use
;
Contact Tracing
;
Counseling
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Latent Tuberculosis
;
drug therapy
;
prevention & control
;
Male
;
Multivariate Analysis
;
Odds Ratio
;
Pamphlets
;
Practice Patterns, Nurses'
;
Prospective Studies
;
Singapore
;
Smoking Cessation
;
methods
7.Smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients with previously abnormal chest radiographs: missed opportunities for early diagnosis.
Lovel Corpuz GALAMAY ; Cynthia Bin Eng CHEE ; Kyi Win KHIN MAR ; Bih Qin LAU ; Yee Tang WANG
Singapore medical journal 2021;62(6):296-299
INTRODUCTION:
It is vital to diagnose and treat pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) early, in the interests of the patient and public health. At the Singapore Tuberculosis Control Unit (TBCU), it was not uncommon to discover abnormal chest radiographs (CXRs) predating their PTB diagnosis by months to years in the electronic medical records (EMRs) of sputum acid-fast bacilli smear-positive patients. Our study explored this observation.
METHODS:
The EMRs of sputum smear-positive PTB patients treated at the TBCU from January to July 2014 were viewed for abnormal CXRs preceding their PTB diagnosis. Information in the EMRs pertaining to the indication for the CXRs, radiological reports (including whether the possibility of PTB was stated) and action taken was captured.
RESULTS:
Of the 254 sputum smear-positive patients, 108 had previous CXRs in their EMRs, of whom 39 (36.1%) had previous CXRs compatible with PTB. Most of these were performed in tertiary institutions and for reasons unrelated to PTB. No action was taken in response to these CXRs in 24 (61.5%) patients. 27 (69.2%) patients had abnormal CXRs dating back more than six months, with 12 (30.8%) dating back more than 30 months before the PTB diagnosis. Patients aged ≥ 55 years were significantly more likely to have previous CXRs that were compatible with PTB.
CONCLUSION
PTB patients may be asymptomatic or have chronic indolent disease and remain undiagnosed for years. There is a need for vigilance within our healthcare system to seize opportunities for early diagnosis and treatment to prevent the spread of this infectious disease in Singapore.
8.A summary of the clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease in Myanmar
Than Than Aye ; Tint Swe Latt ; Khin Mg Lwin ; Win Win Kyaw ; Myint Soe Win ; Moe Wint Aung ; Ko Ko ; Thein Myint ; Yin Yin Win
Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies 2013;28(2):114-125
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) broadly encompasses vascular diseases caused primarily by atherosclerosis and thromboembolic pathophysiologic processes that alter the normal structure and function of the aorta, its visceral arterial branches, and the arteries of the lower extremity. The aims of the Myanmar clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with PAD are to assist physicians in selecting the best management strategies for an individual patient with peripheral artery disease with main focus on lower extremity artery disease (LEAD) due to atherosclerosis, to help the physician to make decisions in their daily practice, and to aid in appropriate referrals to specialists. Early detection and treatment guidelines for the treatment of PAD are important to reduce the morbidity and mortality of patients with vascular problems in Myanmar.
Peripheral Arterial Disease
;
Practice Guideline
;
Myanmar
9.Myanmar diabetes care model: Bridging the gap between urban and rural healthcare delivery
Tint Swe Latt ; Than Than Aye ; Ko Ko ; Ye Myint ; Maung Maung Thant ; Kyar Nyo Soe Myint ; Khin Sanda ; Khaing Lwin ; Htet Htet Khin ; Tin Win Aung ; Kyaw Myint Oo
Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies 2015;30(2):105-117
There has been significant magnitude of problems of diabetes in Myanmar, according to the estimates of
International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the recent National Survey on the prevalence of diabetes. There has
been a wide gap of equity between the urban and rural healthcare delivery for diabetes. Myanmar Diabetes Care
Model (MMDCM) aims to deliver equitable diabetes care throughout the country, to stem the tide of rising burden of
diabetes and also to facilitate to achieve the targets of the Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of
NCDs (2013-2020). It is aimed to deliver standard of care for diabetes through the health system strengthening at all
level. MMDCM was developed based on the available health system, resources and the country's need.
Implementation for the model was also discussed.
10.Divergence insufficiency, thyroid disease
Khine Mi Mi Ko ; Win Kyawt Khin ; Kyaw Linn ; Aye Mya Min Aye ; Chaw Su Hlaing ; Aye Mu Sann ; Hnin Wint Wint Aung ; Myo Thiri Swe ; Cho Thair ; Yi Yi Mar ; Nway Nway ; Phyu Phyu Myint ; Ei Hnin Kyu
Neurology Asia 2018;23(3):283-286
Dengue viruses are single-stranded RNA viruses
of the Flavivirus genus. It is a common viral
infection worldwide, especially in tropical
regions. Various neurological manifestations
such as encephalitis, encephalopathy, meningitis,
acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
acute viral myositis, Guillain–Barré syndrome
and others are increasingly reported. However,
acute haemorrhagic encephalitis is a very rare
presentation. Currently, there are only few
previous case reports