8 patients (male/female: 1) with ages of 18-63 diagnosed as arrhythmias but not classify the type of arrhythmias who received the transesophageal electrocardiogram. The results have shown that the transesophageal electrocardiogram increased the umplitude and displayed clearly the atriogram which help determined diagnosing, especially differentially diagnosing the ventricular and supraventricular tachycardiac. This was a simple technique that can be applied in the local levels to diagnose some arrhythmias
Echocardiography, Transesophageal ; Electrocardiography ; Arrhythmia ; diagnosis

Background: In Vietnam, there are increase rate of patients with acute leukemia including acute myelogenous leukemia. The clinical, gender, age as well as morphological characteristics of cells have prognostic significance about response to treatment and survival time of patients. Objectives: (1) To describe the distribution of acute myelogenous leukemia types by FAB standard in 'National Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion. (2) To describe the clinical characteristics of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. Subjects and methods: The study included 67 patients diagnosed acute myelogenous leukemia by FAB standard without chemotherapy in 'National Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion. Results and conclusions: The median age: 35.55 \xb1 13.46, sex: 53% male, 47% female. Ratio of M0, M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7 was 1, 10, 19, 18, 30, 13, 6, 1 %, respectively. 100% of these patients presented with anemia, 57 % with hemorrage, 46 % with fever. Lymphadenopathy was presented in 61 %, hepatomegaly was presented in 27% and spleenomegaly was presented in 9%. 53% of the patients had more bleeding was M3. Lymphadenopathy, hepatospleenomegaly had most frequently seen in the patients of M4 and M5 type. \r\n", u'\r\n', u'
Leukemia ; Myeloid ; Acute/ immunology ; Hematology

Background: Bcr/abl fusion gene plays an important role in diagnosing and treating chronic myelogenous leukemia. Objective: to detect fusion genes: b3a2, b2a2, b3a3, b2a3 and e1a2 in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia by using Nested RT - PCR technique. Subjects and methods: Peripheral blood samples were analyzed by Nested RT - PCR assay from 30 adult patients. Results: 28/30 patients showed bcr/abl fusions gene; among them 20/30 patients showed b3a2 fusions gene, 5/30 patients showed b2a2 fusions gene, 2/30 patients showed co-expression of the b3a2 and b2a2. 1/30 showed e1a2; 2/30 patients showed negative fusion gene. Count of leukocytes and platelets of patients with b3a2 fusion genes were 311.3 G/l and 597.5 G/l, respectively and of patients with b2a2 fusion genes were 136.7 G/l and 333 G/l, respectively. Conclusion: Most of patients showed b3a2 fusion gene, while remaining showed b2a2 transcripts or the co-expression of the b3a2, only one case showed e1a2 fusion gene, two patients showed negative fusion gene. There was no case which showed b3a3 or b2a3 fusion gene. Nested RT assay should be used to determine bcr/abl fusion genes for patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia\r\n', u'\r\n', u'
Leukemia ; Myelogenous ; Chronic ; BCR-ABL Positive/ blood ; pathology

Background: Detection of BCR/ABL fusion gene has important significance in diagnosing and monitoring response to therapy in chronic myeloid leukemia. Objective: Application of FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybrydization) technique for detection of abl/bcr fusion gene in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Subjects and methods: The study included 10 patients of chronic myelogenous leukemia diagnosed by methods of morphology and cell chemistry. Peripheral blood and bone marrow samples of them were analyzed Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome by cytogenetic technique. Among them, 5 patients were tested by FISH technique on the slide of interphase and remainders were tested by FISH technique on the slide of metaphase cell. Results: Results of analyzing chromosome of 10 patients showed that 8 patients had Ph1 chromosome. 2 patients without Ph1 chromosome were patients who had not high of leukocyte count: 28x109leukocyte/l and 36x109leukocyte/l, respectively. In the FISH on the slide of interphase, all 5 patients had Ph1 chromosome and abl/bcr fusion gene. In the FISH on the slide of metaphase cell, 3 patients had Ph1 chromosome and abl/bcr fusion gene. Conclusion: FISH technique has been applied successfully to detect ABL/BCR gene in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia.\r\n', u'\r\n', u'
Leukemia ; Myelogenous ; Chronic ; BCR-ABL Positive/ pathology

Background: In recent years, Vietnam has applied four methods (morphology, cell chemistry, immune marker classification, cyto genetic) in diagnosis and used multi-chemotherapy in treatment for acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)\r\n', u'Objectives: To initially determine some fusion gene transcripts in the acute myelogenous leukemia patients by applying PCR technique. Subject and method: The study included 19 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia treated in National Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion and Bachmai Hospital from April 2007 to August 2007. RNA were extracted from leukemic cells and PCR for AML1/ETO, CBFP/MYH11, PMR/RARa fusion transcript was done. Results: Number of male patients was 6 (32%), female patients was 13 (68%). The average age of these patients was 32.67 \xb113.62. There were three M4, M4eo patients with AML1/ETO gene (accounting for 16%), two M2, M4 patients with CBF/MYH1 gene and type F of genetic modification accounting for 11%), two M3 patients with PMR/RAR\u03b1 and Bcr3 of genetic modification (accounting for 11%). Conclusion: Results of the study did not differ significantly from other researches in the world. This study showed the need of applying the PCR technique in determining fusion gene transcript together with traditional cyto-genetic method.\r\n', u'\r\n', u'
Leukemia ; Myeloid ; Acute/ blood ; pathology ; complications ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary hepatic tumor and one of the most common cancers worldwide. HCC is a primary malignancy of hepatocellular origin. Objectives:The aim of study is to combinate therapy of transarterial chemoembolization and percutaneousethanol injection afterward emerging metatasis caused by fine needle aspiration cytology. Subjects and method: A 50 years old male patient with hepatocellular carcinoma having a diameter of tumor more than 5 cm was treated by combination of transarterial chemoembolization and percutaneous ethanol injection from December 2000. Results & Conclusion: Results of study showed that: Transarterial chemoembolization and percutaneous ethanol injection are the two of non-surgical methods for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma which are most commonly available in applied clinical activities at present. Up to now, the patient's life expectancy after therapy is more than 6 years that means the result of treatment is very good. However, the emerging metatasis into the anterior-right-Iower chest wall that was caused by fine needle aspiration cytology should be reviewed for further evaluating clinical experience, especially in cases with quite clear imaging features of untrasonography and significantly elevated AFP level higher than 200 ng/rnl.
Carcinoma ; Hepatocellular/ pathology ; therapy

Strongyloidiasis, a chronic helminth infection caused by the parasitic nematode Strongyloides stercoralis, has various clinical manifestations. Although rare, duodenal obstructions and venous thromboembolism are possible complications of strongyloidiasis.This paper presents the case of a 47-year-old Vietnamese male with a history of right lower limb edema, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal discomfort lasting for four months. Venous Doppler ultrasound detected a thrombus in the right femoral vein, while an abdominal CT scan revealed a mass lesion suggestive of a lower bile duct tumor. Esophageogastroduodenoscopy showed a friable duodenal cap mucosa with multiple ulcers and edematous mucosa of the second part of the duodenum that caused a partial lumen obstruction. The final histological examination of the biopsy specimen revealed chronic duodenitis with larvae consistent with Strongyloides stercoralis. The patient was treated with Ivermectin for two weeks and anticoagulation therapy for three months. After treatment and a six-month follow-up, the patient's gastrointestinal symptoms and leg swelling resolved completely. This is the first documented case of a patient in Vietnam with strongyloidiasis who presented with venous thromboembolism and duodenal obstruction. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2023;81:270-275)

Toxocariasis, a zoonotic infection transmitted by Toxocara canis (from dogs) and Toxocara cati (from cats) larvae, poses rare but severe risks to humans. We present a case of hepatic visceral larva migrans (VLM) caused by Toxocara canis in a 21-year-old male with a history of close contact with a pet dog. Initial symptoms and imaging findings mimicked a pyogenic liver abscess. The initial laboratory investigations revealed neutrophilia and elevated levels of IgE. Despite broad-spectrum antibiotics, persistent fever prompted further investigation. Subsequent serological testing for Toxocara antibodies and histopathological analysis of liver tissue demonstrating eosinophil infiltrates and Charcot-Leyden crystals led to a confirmed diagnosis of a liver abscess caused by Toxocara canis. Serological testing for Toxocara antibodies and histopathological analysis of liver tissue confirmed a Toxocara canis-induced liver abscess. Albendazole treatment yielded significant clinical improvement. This case highlights the necessity of considering toxocariasis in liver abscess differentials, particularly in high-seroprevalence regions like Vietnam. Relying solely on serological tests may be insufficient, emphasizing the need for corroborative evidence, including invasive procedures like liver biopsy, for accurate hepatic toxocariasis diagnosis.

Soluble epoxide hydrolases (sEH) are enzymes present in all living organisms, metabolize epoxy fatty acids to 1,2-diols. sEH in the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids plays a key role in inflammation. In addition, the endogenous lipid mediators in cardiovascular disease are also broken down to diols by the action of sEH that enhanced cardiovascular protection. In this study, sEH inhibitory guided fractionation led to the isolation of five phenolic compounds trans-resveratrol (1), trans-piceatannol (2), sulfuretin (3), (+)-balanophonin (4), and cassigarol E (5) from the ethanol extract of the seeds of Passiflora edulis Sims cultivated in Vietnam. The chemical structures of isolated compounds were determined by the interpretation of NMR spectral data, mass spectra, and comparison with data from the literature. The soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitory activity of isolated compounds was evaluated. Among them, trans-piceatannol (2) showed the most potent inhibitory activity on sEH with an IC₅₀ value of 3.4 µM. This study marks the first time that sulfuretin (3) was isolated from Passiflora edulis as well as (+)-balanophonin (4), and cassigarol E (5) were isolated from Passiflora genus.
Cardiovascular Diseases ; Epoxide Hydrolases ; Ethanol ; Fatty Acids ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ; Inflammation ; Metabolism ; Passiflora ; Passifloraceae ; Phenol ; Vietnam

Introduction: When Viet Nam launched the Expanded Programme on Immunization in 1981, it covered six vaccines, including measles. Subsequently, Viet Nam experienced a marked reduction in measles infections. A nationwide measles epidemic occurred in April 2014 and an investigation found that 86% of affected children aged 9 months to 10 years were not fully vaccinated; therefore, understanding the reasons for not vaccinating could improve vaccination coverage. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study to determine vaccination coverage and reasons for non-vaccination among children aged 9 months to 10 years in six districts in Ho Chi Minh City with the highest number of measles cases in 2014. Measles vaccination status of the youngest child in each household was determined and reasons for non-vaccination were investigated. A χ2 test and multiple logistic regression were used to identify independent predictors of full vaccination. Results: In total, 207 children were enrolled during the study period in 2014. Full measles vaccination coverage was 55% in these households, and 73% of parents were aware of the importance of measles vaccination to protect their children. We found that the father’s education level (under high school versus high school and above) and the site where the survey was conducted were significantly associated with vaccination status. Conclusion The vaccination coverage was lower than the coverage reported by district preventive medicine centres of the seven study wards. Lack of the second vaccination was a key obstacle to eliminating the vaccination gap. A catch-up mass vaccination campaign or health promotion of measles vaccination directed towards parents should be considered to improve vaccination coverage.