Background. There are varieties of supports from Mongolian government and health organizations to people with epilepsy. However, epileptics are often socially discriminated due to the negative public attitudes, misconceptions, false beliefs and wrong decisions. Because of this they miss out their right to study or work. Under the aim of providing right information and knowledge about epilepsy to public, carrying out continuous health educational trainings and studies among population is very important to reduce negative attitude towards epilepsy, to prevent from epilepsy stigma and to improve patients’ quality of life.Goal. The objective of this study was to assess the understanding, knowledge and attitude towards epilepsy among population in Ulaanbaatar and to determine some influencing factors.Methods. Questionnaire was carried out within randomly selected 700 people from 6 districts in Ulaanbaatar city.Results. Participants’ age range was from 16 to 64 years and average age was 36.0 (SD 9.34). 64.1% (449) participants out of all had some understanding and knowledge about epilepsy while they possess high school and university educational degree. 42.2% (295) participants had some knowledge about causes of epilepsy, how to react and how to give a first aid for epilepsy patients. However, 57.8% (405) participant out of all involved in the study had not enough knowledge about epilepsy. 29.7% (208) participant had a positive attitude towards epilepsy.ConclusionPersonal age, educational level, information accessed and interaction with people with epilepsy influences to the knowledge about epilepsy.

BACKGROUNDScaffolds with the capacity to deliver signaling molecules are attractive for bone regeneration. Here, we developed bioactive siloxane–gelatin hybrid scaffolds via a sol gel process containing stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1) to recruit osteoprogenitor/stem cells. METHODSThe process was undertaken under room temperature aqueous conditions, which enabled therapeutic molecules to be effectively incorporated. After the sol-gel reaction and lyophilization process, well crosslinked hybrid scaffolds were obtained with porosities of 80–90%.RESULTSDynamic mechanical analysis of the hybrid scaffolds showed significant improvement in storage modulus values (from 10 to 110 kPa) with increasing siloxane content. Target molecule SDF-1 was loaded and released from the scaffolds, and the effects on the homing of mesenchymal stem cell were studied.CONCLUSIONSResults demonstrated significant enhancement in the migration of cells to the SDF-1 loaded scaffolds. Taken together, the developed hybrid scaffolds areconsidered to be useful in loading and delivering signaling molecules such as SDF-1 to recruit osteoprogenitor /mesenchymal stem cells in the bone regeneration process.

Background: The lower socioeconomic status and long distance to eye care facility of the rural dwellers in many communities in developing countries accounts for the increase in the number of preventable and avoidable causes of blindness. It is widely believed that the best option to reduce blindness and visual impairment in these communities is to bring eye care services to their doorsteps in the form of outreach programs. Aims: To assess the pattern of eye diseases presenting at a free eye outreach in a rural community of Mongolia. Methods: A retrospective, descriptive study was carried out on the findings of 2-day outreach programs at Medical Center of Ulziit village, Arkhangai province of Mongolia. Patient history including sociodemographic data and comprehensive eye examination were done in the study group. Results: The most common ocular disorder in the study group was external eye diseases including conjunctivitis. There were more females seen at the free eye outreach clinic and majority of participants were 45-59 years old. Conclusion In sparsely densely countries like Mongolia, outreach screening programs for ocular morbidity is crucial to decrease low vision and blindness.

Introduction: Biliary Atresia is a fibroobliterativedisorder of the intra andextrahepatic bile ducts in infancy, which isgoing progressively cholestatic liver disease.The failed Kasaiportoenterostomy requiresliver transplantation. The goal of this studyis to show the outcome of Kasai operation,recent improvement and correlation the datato overseas.Methods and Materials: This study wasconducted in the department of generalsurgery of National Center for Maternal andChild Health of Mongolia between 2010 and2016 on a total of 66 infancies with biliaryatresia.Results: Patient diagnosed with biliaryatresia, which performed Kasai operationwithin first 2 months the outcome is verygood early and late post-operation period.There were 3 patients with 10 year survival, 4patients with 5-10 year and 28 patients with5 year survival after Kasai operation. The mostcomport age for liver transplantation is 1 yearlater after Kasai operation in Mongolia. Livertransplantation programme is necessary forMongolian pediatric surgery, and we thoughtour team was assembled.Conclusion: The children with biliary atresiaperform the Kasai operation within 2 monthsthe outcome is very good. Children with biliaryatresia often experience long wait times fortransplant unless exception points are grantedto reflect severity of disease.In Mongolia livertransplantation done in 2 child.

Abstract: CHUN-7 a Mongolian traditional recipe consisting of 7 medicinal plants is described in the scripture named “༆༆ །།གཡུ་ཐོག་པའི་མཛད་པའི་རིམས སྲུང་ཁྱུ་ལྔ་རྒྱམ་ཏོན་གསལ་བ །།”. The ingredients including Caowu (Radix Aconiti kusnezoffii, CW) and Glehniae Radix (GR) have the effects of suppressing pneumonia, viral pneumonia, relieving pain, stimulating the immune system and reducing fever. The present study was aimed to determine acute and chronic toxicity properties of traditional drug. Materials and methods: CHUN 7 traditional drug were prepared in the traditional medicine sector of the Drug research Institute of Monos group. All WISTAR rats were kept in the same feed, under 12 hours lighting and 12 hours darkness housing. The study of acute and chronic toxicity of CHUN-7 traditional drug was studied by using IP and oral administration were performed on ten WISTAR rats and continued for a total of 28 days with 102.9 mg / kg dose (calculated from human dose: 16.7 mg/kg) in accordance with the WHO General Guidelines for the Evaluation and Study of Traditional Medicine. Results: The result showed no structural changes in the internal organs according to tissue morphology when we administrated CHUN-7 traditional drug. Conclusion This study showed CHUN-7 traditional drug has no toxic effects to internal organs including liver, kidney, stomach, lungs and heart. Therefore, CHUN-7 traditional drug has potential to use orally without any toxicology.

Abstract : Introduction: Medicinal herbs have been used in traditional medicine to treat systemic inflammatory disease for many years. For instance, Rhodiola rosea L. extracts are used to enhance behavioural stresses for improving fatigue and depression. Saposhnikovia divaricata notified to support function of musculoskeletal tissue and to enhance tissue regeneration by its anti-inflammatory effect. The aim of this study was to investigate therapeutic potential of four different types of medicinal plants (Rhodiola rosea L, Rhodiola quadrifidia (Pall) Fisch, Saposhnikova divaricate (Turcz) Schischk and Salsola laricofolia Turcz.ex Litv). Materials and methods: Anti-inflammatory effects of each extracts were evaluated separately using chemically induced inflammatory model (RAW 264.7 macrophages). iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6 relative expression was determined real-time reverse transcription-PCR. Results: No cytotoxicity was observed with a concentration of herbal extract. LPS treated macrophages were released cytokines at higher level and it was downregulated when plant extracts were treated. Herbal extract treatment suppressed the production of iNOS, IL-1b and IL-6 from Raw264.7 cells after LPS. Conclusion These results demonstrate that herbal extracts exerts anti-inflammatory effects, which results decreasing production of iNOS and pro-inflammatory cytokines and allowed us to screen future therapeutic possibility.

Backround: The university period is a unique phase in students’ lives, often marked by independent living, changes in lifestyle, diet, sleep patterns, increased psychological stress, and the development of unhealthy behaviors. Among students, particularly those studying in the medical field, research on dietary habits and influencing factors is scarce in our country, which serves as the rationale for this study. Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the dietary habits of medical students and the factors influencing them, including sleep, impulsivity, depression, anxiety, and stress. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 358 students from years 1 to 6 across 7 schools of the Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences (MNUMS). Data were collected using internationally standardized and validated questionnaires, including the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire Revised-18 (TFEQ-R18), the Short UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale-20 (SUPPS-P-20), the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0. Results: In terms of eating behavior, uncontrolled eating (UE) and cognitive restraint (CR) were similar between male and female students, while emotional eating (EE) was more prevalent among male students. Students’ eating behaviors were associated with body mass index (BMI). As BMI increased, levels of depression, anxiety, and stress also tended to rise. Sensation-seeking and positive urgency were higher among female students. Overall, 83.5% of students had poor sleep quality, which contributed to increased depression, anxiety, stress, and impulsivity. Psychological burden and impulsivity were independent of the field of study but decreased as students progressed through their academic years, while sleep quality improved. Conclusion The dietary habits of medical students were similar across genders but varied by academic year and field of study. Poor sleep quality, observed in 83.5% of students, was associated with increased depression, anxiety, stress, and impulsivity. Psychological burden and impulsivity were unrelated to the field of study but decreased with advancing academic years, alongside improved sleep quality. As BMI increased, cognitive restraint in eating behaviors decreased.

Calcium salt composite/calcite or spar is one of traditionally used therapeutic material for hard tissue repair and regeneration due to its abundant calcium content. There are several types of calcite (fluorspar or calcite fluoride, cobaltoan calcite, etc) exist in the nature and their therapeutic effects are different depending on their basic properties. For instance, calcium carbonate based calcite used to treat damaged hard tissue in the traditional medicine. Here, we would like to investigate characterizations of three different types of calcites gathered from the nature. For this purpose, collected calcium salt composites ( calcite, fluorspar, feldspar ) were examined their surface properties, morphology and size by the scanning electron microscopy. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was used to determine their elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction was carried out to characterize their crystallinity structure. Based on the calcium contents, calcium carbonate-based calcite was selected to form nano-sized calcite and study their toxicity by using mesenchymal stem cell. Throughout this study, we identified properties of three different calcites and successfully reduced size in nanoscale which helps to use in the future treatment of osteoporosis or to stimulate osteogenesis.

Background: Medicinal herbs have been used in traditional medicine to treat systemic inflammatory disease for many years. For instance, Rhodiola rosea L extracts were used to enhance behavioural stresses for improving fatigue and depression. Gallic acid, found in Rhodiola rosea L and Rhodiola quidrifida is, a natural polyphenol, exhibits multiple therapeutic activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antioxidant, and anti-angiogenic effects. Saposhnikovia divaricate (its ethanol extract mainly) notified to support function of musculoskeletal tissue and to enhance tissue regeneration by its anti-inflammatory effect. The Salsola laricifolia L has been studied for its strong antioxidant activity, improve immune function, boost energy, and exhibit anti-inflammatory effects. This study allowed us to screen anti-inflammatory effects of medicinal plants and future therapeutic possibility. Aim: To study the content of phenolic compounds (gallic acid) in the composition of complex products of plants widely used in Mongolian traditional medicine, which have been found to have biological activity of the extracts Materials and Methods: The herbal extract was extracted from Rhodiola rosea L, Saposhnikovia divaricata (Tuscz) Schischk, Rhodiola quidrifida Pall.Fisch, Salsola laricifolia Turcz.ex Litv in laboratory of the Drug Research Institute of Monos Group, Mongolia. We used solvents for HPLC grade was used to identify the bioactive components that Gallic acid in the compound plant extract. : Results: The bioactive compounds in each of the Rhodiola rosea L, Rhodiola quadrifida Pall.Fisch and four medicinal plant extracts were identified using HPLC, confirming the presence of Gallic acid. Conclusion Our research results showed that the quantitative content of Gallic acid in the composite plant extract was high, at 1.02%.