Objectives To compare the differences in intestinal phylum firmicutes between elderly patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM)and the healthy elder people.Methods 37 elderly patients with T2DM and 69 healthy controls in Shaoxin city were recruited.DNA of phylum firmicutes from fecal samples was extracted.The real-time quantitative PCR was used with special primers for bacterial genus including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,Eubacterium rectale,Clostridium leptum,and Peptostrepyococc.The differences in content of different bacteria between two groups were analyzed and compared.Results In healthy elderly group versus the elder patient with T2DM,the contents of intestinal phylum firmicutes were[(6.22±1.41) × 107 versus(5.41± 1.40) × 107,t=2.83,P=0.006] in Eubacterium rectale,[(7.46 ± 0.98) × 107 versus (6.96 ± 1.40) × 107),t =2.13,P =0.036] in Faecali bacterium prausnitzii,[(7.89±0.89) × 107 versus(7.46±1.11) × 107,t=2.15,P=0.034]in Clostridium leptum,and[(4.86 ± 1.33) × 107 versus (4.21 ± 1.24) × 107,t=2.45,P =0.016] in Peptostrepyococc,which showed that the contents of intestinal phylum firmicutes were less in T2DM group than in healthy elderly group.Conclusions There are some differences in intestinal flora between the elderly patients with T2DM and healthy people.These intestinal flora may play an important role in the development of T2DM.This study may provide new evidences for probiotic treatment of T2DM.

Objective To investigate the parameters of liver tissue in SD rats and beagle dogs and to supply evidence for toxicologic pathological evaluation.Methods Forty SD rats and twenty beagle dogs,male in half,were used for the observation.SD rats were sacrificed at the age of 12 weeks and the beagles at the age of 12 months.After complete necropsy examination,all livers were fixed in 10 % neutral buffered formalin solution,embedded in paraffin,sliced at a thickness of 5 ? m and stained with hematoxylin and eosin(HE).The distance of central vein and portal area,and that of central veins in the neighbored lobules were measured by means of an image analyzer Spot Advanced.The difference of the above distance between beagles and rats,and that between male and female were compared.Results The distance of central veins in the neighbored lobules was about 883 ? m in the beagles and about 496 ? m in SD rats,and the distance between lobule center and portal area was about 511 ? m in beagle dogs and about 410 ? m in SD rats.There was no difference between the male and the female.Conclusion The distance of central veins in the neighbored lobules in beagle dogs is longer than that in SD rats,so does the distance between lobule center and portal area.The sex of the animal has no influnce on the size of the lobules.

Objective:The purpose of this study is to investigate the expression of tumor stem cell marker aldehyde dehydrogE-nase 1 (ALDH1) in breast cancer and its clinical significance. Methods:The expression of ALDH1 protein was examined by immunohistochemical staining in 92 breast cancer tissues. The correlation analysis and diseasE-free survival analysis of patients was evaluated based on the clinical follow-up data. Results:Expression of ALDH1 protein had a significant correlation with progesterone receptor (PR) and cerb-B2 (P<0.05), but had no significant correlation with age, tumor size, clinical staging, and lymph node metastasis (P>0.05). The 2-year diseasE-free survival rate of AlDH1-positive patients was lower than that of ALDH1-negative patients (P<0.05). ALDH1-positive patients, who received CEF regimen chemotherapy and hormone therapy, had lower 2-year diseasE-free survival rate than that of ALDH1-negative patients (P<0.05). Conclusion:The decreased diseasE-free survival rate of ALDH1-positive patients is related with drug resistance. ALDH1 could be used as an independent factor for predicting the prognosis of breast cancer.

Objective To evaluate the role of regional chemotherapy via internal iliac artery pump,systemic chemotherapy and total mesorectum excision(TME) in the treatment of rectal cancer.Methods A total of 193 patients with rectal carcinoma divided into 2 groups: The observation group,included 98 cases who underwent TME,regional chemotherapy through internal iliac artery pump and systemic chemotherapy.The other 95 cases,as control group,were treated with systemic chemotherapy after TME.The local recurrence rate,metastasis rate and survival rate were compared between the two groups.Results The local recurrence rate and metastasis rate of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group.The local recurrence rate at 1-,3-and 5-year was significantly lower in the observation group[0,2.5%(2/81) and 3.8%(3/79) respectivvely]than that in the control group [1.1%(1/95),11.4%(9/79) and 16.2%(11/68) respectively](P

Objective To investigate the effect of metformin on the growth of human anaplastic thyroid cancer cell HTh74Rdox which is doxorubicin resistant. Methods The HTh74Rdox was treated with different concentrations of metformin for 48 h. Cell morphology was observed by microscope, cell viability was tested by methylthiazoletetrazolium (MTT), cell apoptosis by annexin Ⅴ and propidium iodide double staining, the anti-oncogenic miRNA was assayed by realtime fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-PCR), and the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway tested by western blot. Furthermore, the anti-oncogenic miRNAs were knockdown by miRNA inhibitors (miR-34a, miR-101, miR-125b, and miR-138 inhibitors) and the cells were treated by metformin for 48 h, after that, cell apoptosis was detected by annexin Ⅴ and propidium iodide double staining, the expression of protein related to AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway was detected by western blot. Results Metformin inhibited the growth of human anaplastic thyroid cancer cell HTh74Rdox in a concentration-dependent manner, the cell apoptosis was induced by metformin, and there was a significantly lower expression of miR-34a, miR-101, miR-125b, and miR-138 in the HTh74Rdox. However, the four above miRNAs were upregulated by metformin, and AMPK/mTOR pathway was also activated by metformin. When these miRNAs were suppressed by miR-inhibitors (miR-34a, miR-101, miR-125b, miR-138 inhibitors), the stimulating effect of apoptosis and AMPK/mTOR pathway by metformin were reversed. Conclusion Metformin significantly suppresses cell viability of human anaplastic thyroid cancer cell HTh74Rdox, and stimulates AMPK/mTOR pathway and apoptosis by upregulating the expressions of miR-34a, miR-101, miR-125b, miR-138 in HTh74Rdox cell.

Objective: To investigate the situation of road traffic injuries (RTIs) among middle school students in Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide the basis for implementation of interventions against RTIs among students. Methods: From 2021 to 2023, a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 82 junior high school classes and 89 senior high school classes in Shaoxing City as the survey population. Data on basic information, commuting travel, road safety behaviors and road safety knowledge awareness were collected through questionnaires, and the prevalence of RTIs in the past year was analyzed. Results: A total of 6 287 middle school students were surveyed, and 971 cases of RTIs were reported, with a reporting rate of 15.44%. The reporting rate of RTIs was higher in males than in females (17.68% vs. 13.34%, P<0.05). The reporting rate of RTIs was higher in high school students than in junior high school students (17.70% vs. 12.66%, P<0.05). The students who mainly walked to school (18.00%), walked 5 days a week (17.82%) and traveled with classmates (17.58%) had higher reporting rates of RTIs. Among those who walked for ≥20 minutes, the reporting rate of RTIs was higher in males than in females (P<0.05). Among different road safety behaviors, the reporting rate of RTIs was higher in males than in females who used electronic devices (P<0.05). The reporting rates of RTIs were relatively high among students who played for ≥10 minutes on the way (32.92%), crossed traffic lights directly when being late for school (41.54%) and crossed traffic barriers directly (30.67%). The reporting rate of RTIs among middle school students decreased with the increase of road safety knowledge scores (P<0.05). Conclusions Male students, high school students, students with road risky behaviors and with low awareness of road safety knowledge have higher reporting rates of RTIs. It is necessary to strengthen road safety knowledge education for students.

The expression of resistin protein in normal human abdominal, thigh, pregnant women abdominal, non-pregnant women abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue and placenta and the relationship between obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), pregnant physiological insulin resistance (IR) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was investigated. The expression of resistin protein in normal human abdominal, thigh, pregnant women abdominal, non-pregnant women abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue and placenta was detected by using Western blotting method. Fasting serum glucose concentration was measured by glucose oxidase assay. Serum cholesterol (CHOL), serum triglycerides (TG), serum HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and serum LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) were determined by full automatic biochemical instrument. Fasting insulin was measured by enzyme immunoassay to calculate insulin resistance index (IRI). Height, weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured to calculate body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BF %). Resistin protein expression in pregnant women placental tissue (67 905 +/- 8441) (arbitrary A values) was much higher than that in subcutaneous adipose tissue in pregnant women abdomen (40 718 +/- 3818, P < 0.01), non-pregnant women abdomen (38 288 +/- 2084, P < 0.01), normal human abdomen (39 421 +/- 6087, P < 0.01) and thigh (14 942 +/- 6706, P < 0.001) respectively. The resistin expression in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue showed no significant difference among pregnant, non-pregnant women and normal human, but much higher than that in thigh subcutaneous adipose tissue (P < 0.001). Pearson analysis revealed that resistin protein was correlated with BMI (r = 0.42), fasting insulin concentration (r = 0.38), IRI (r = 0.34), BF % (r = 0.43) and fasting glucose (r = 0.39), but not with blood pressure, CHOL, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C. It was suggested that resistin protein expression in human abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue was much higher than that in human thigh subcutaneous adipose tissue. Resistin was closely related with central obesity, leading to IR, subsequently obesity and T2DM. Resistin protein expression in placental tissue was much higher than that in subcutaneous adipose tissue in normal human abdomen, pregnant abdomen, non-pregnant women abdomen and thigh. It was indicated that resistin protein could be secreted from human placental tissue. Resistin might be one of the factors that lead to pregnant physiological IR and GDM.

Objective : To explore the feasibility of applying the Malocclusion Impact Questionnaire (MIQ) of Chinese version among Chinese teenagers, through the verification and evaluation of the Chinese version. Methods: According to the standard procedures of the international quality of life assessment program, the MIQ was translated, back translated, adapted and updated culturally, and the Chinese version was established. The 161 teenagers with the first orthodontic treatment were included. This patient group was assessed for oral health-related quality of life by the Chinese version of the MIQ and Children's Perception Questionnaire (11-14 years old). The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the MIQ were evaluated statistically by Spearman and factor analysis. Results : A total of 161 valid questionnaires were collected. The internal consistency Cronbach's α of the Chinese scale was 0.887. The correlation coefficient between items and the scale ranged from 0.000 1 to 0.824. A significant positive correlation of the scores was noted between the translated scale and the Children's Perception Questionnaire (11-14 years old), and the correlation coefficient was 0.444 (P<0.001). Conclusion The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the MIQ are reliable and can be applied for clinical orthodontic treatment.

The expression of resistin protein in normal human abdominal, thigh, pregnant women abdominal, non-pregnant women abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue and placenta and the relationship between obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), pregnant physiological insulin resistance (IR) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was investigated. The expression of resistin protein in normal human abdominal, thigh, pregnant women abdominal, non-pregnant women abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue and placenta was detected by using Western blotting method.Fasting serum glucose concentration was measured by glucose oxidase assay. Serum cholesterol (CHOL), serum triglycerides (TG), serum HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and serum LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) were determined by full automatic biochemical instrument. Fasting insulin was measured by enzyme immunoassay to calculate insulin resistance index (IRI). Height, weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured to calculate body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BF %). Resistin protein expression in pregnant women placental tissue (67 905±8441) (arbitrary A values) was much higher than that in subcutaneous adipose tissue in pregnant women abdomen (40 718 ± 3818, P ＜ 0.01), non-pregnant women abdomen (38 288±2084, P＜0.01), normal human abdomen (39 421±6087, P＜0.01)and thigh (14 942 ±6706, P＜0. 001) respectively. The resistin expression in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue showed no significant difference among pregnant, non-pregnant women and normal human, but much higher than that in thigh subcutaneous adipose tissue (P＜0. 001). Pearson analysis revealed that resistin protein was correlated with BMI (r=0.42), fasting insulin concentration (r=0.38),IRI (r=0. 34), BF % (r=0.43) and fasting glucose (r=0. 39), but not with blood pressure,CHOL, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C. It was suggested that resistin protein expression in human abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue was much higher than that in human thigh subcutaneous adipose tissue. Resistin was closely related with central obesity, leading to IR, subsequently obesity and T2DM. Resistin protein expression in placental tissue was much higher than that in subcutaneous adipose tissue in normal human abdomen, pregnant abdomen, non-pregnant women abdomen and thigh. It was indicated that resistin protein could be secreted from human placental tissue. Resistin might be one of the factors that lead to pregnant physiological IR and GDM.

ObjectiveTo observe the intervention effect of Huaiqihuang granules （HQH） on immunoglobulin A vasculitis nephritis （IgAVN） mice and explore the underlying therapeutic mechanism. MethodFifty SPF-grade male Kunming mice were randomly divided into a normal group， an IgAVN model group， a dexamethasone group （2.5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）， a low-dose HQH group （4 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， and a high-dose HQH group （8 g·kg^-1·d^-1）. The mouse model was established using oral administration of gliadin combined with intravenous injection of India ink. After successful modeling， the mice were euthanized after 4 weeks of gastric gavage according to groups. The 24 h urinary total protein （24 h UTP）， urine β₂-microglobulin （β₂-MG）， serum total protein， albumin， IgA， etc. were detected in each group. Flow cytometry was used to determine the proportion of T helper 17 （Th17） cells in spleen cell suspension. Western blot was employed to detect the expression of adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase α （AMPKα）， phosphorylated AMPKα （p-AMPKα）， acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 （ACC1）， and phosphorylated ACC1 （p-ACC1） in Th17 cells. Pathological changes in the spleen and kidneys were observed. ResultCompared with the normal group， the IgAVN model group showed significant increases in 24 h UTP， urine β₂-MG， total cholesterol （P<0.05）， serum interleukin-17 （IL-17）， IgA， Th17 proportion in the spleen cell suspension， and IL-17 expression in the spleen tissue （P<0.01）， and significantly decreased serum total protein， albumin， p-AMPKα/AMPKα， and p-ACC1/ACC1 expression of Th17 cells （P<0.01）. Compared with the IgAVN model group， in the 4th week， the 24 h UTP， urine β₂-MG， serum IL-17， IgA levels， and renal IgA deposition were significantly reduced in each treatment group （P<0.01）， and the Th17 proportion and IL-17 expression in spleen tissue were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Serum albumin levels significantly increased （P<0.05）. Compared with the IgAVN model group， the dexamethasone group and the high-dose HQH group showed increases in serum total protein （P<0.01）， p-AMPKα/AMPKα， and p-ACC1/ACC1 expression of Th17 cells （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The high-dose HQH group showed a significant decrease in total cholesterol level （P<0.05）. Various treatment groups showed different degrees of improvement in spleen and kidney pathological changes. ConclusionHQH may affect Th17 cell differentiation by regulating the AMPK/ACC pathway， correcting immune inflammatory disorders， and exerting therapeutic effects on IgAVN.