AIM: To optimize the extraction process for the active components in Curcuma by supercritical CO_2 as guided by the contents of curcumol in Curcuma. METHODS: Gas chromatography was used to determine the contents of curcumol in the extract.Uniform design and path analysis were used to optimize SFE process. RESULTS: The optimum process was established as following:20 MPa as extracting pressure,40℃ as extracting temperature,120 minutes as dynamic extracting time and 20 minutes as static extracting time,24 mL of 70% alcohol as modifier.The absolute error of the predicted value from the model was smaller than 0.6%. CONCLUSION: The regression model is very notable and reasonable and can forecast results precisely.

0.05). Sixteen patients in the video-assisted thoracic surgery group were followed up for a mean of 42.9 months (20-88 months), during which no recurrence was detected. In the minithoracotomy group, 18 patients received an 18-to 71-month follow-up (mean, 41.2 months), none of them had recurrence. Conclusions The outcomes of both the operations are satisfying for middle-aged or elderly patients with spontaneous pneumothorax. However, video-assisted thoracic surgery should be the first choice.

Objective To observe the changes of pre-and post-operative body fats of obese patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy which were evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and investigate the correlation of the changes between body fat and insulin resistance.Methods The cohort study was conducted.The clinical data of 10 obese patients who were admitted to the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University from October 2015 to February 2017 were collected.Ten obese patients received laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG).The pre-and post-operative body fat masses in the different parts and regions of the whole body [whole body,upper limbs,lower limbs,trunk,region of android (region A) and region of gynoid (region G)] were measured by DEXA and pre-and post-operative indexes of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated.Observation indicators:(1) fat parameters evaluated by DEXA and test results of other obesity related indicators;(2) test results of insulin sensitivity index.The patients were followed up by the professional team of metabolic surgery using telephone interview,outpatient and inpatient examinations up to February 2017,and DEXA using outpatient and inpatient examinations was performed at 6 months postoperatively.The measurement data with normal distribution were represented as-x ±s,and repeated measurement data were analyzed by the repeated measures ANOVA.The correlation analysis was performed by the Pearson,and the degree of correlation was analyzed by the factor analysis and multiple linear regression.Results (1) Fat parameters evaluated by DEXA and test results of other obesity related indicators:all the 10 patients were followed up.The fat masses and percentages of the whole body,upper limbs,lower limbs,trunk,region A and region G,BMI,waist circumference and HOMA-IR were respectively (55.6± 13.7) kg,(6.2± 1.9) kg,(17.8± 3.6) kg,(31.7± 12.7) kg,(5.6±2.4)kg,(8.8±1.5)kg,50％±3％,54％±5％,50％±4％,52％±3％,57％±4％,52％±4％,(42± 8) kg/m2,(123±23) cm,8.7 ± 5.6 before operation and (37.4± 11.3) kg,(4.0± 1.2) kg,(11.2± 3.0) kg,(20.4±9.6) kg,(3.5± 1.7) kg,(5.1± 1.4) kg,43％±5％,46％±5％,42％±5％,46％±5％,48％±6％,46％ ± 5％,(30 ± 6) kg/m2,(101 ± 20) cm,3.5 ± 2.4 at 6 months postoperatively,with statistically significant differences between pre-and post-operations (F =11.282,6.308,15.789,6.083,7.836,9.027,5.485,7.743,8.620,3.743,4.704,5.421,13.281,14.258,4.465,P＜0.05).The waist-hip ratio and percentage of region A/ percentage of region G (A/G) were 0.94±0.09,1.10±0.09 before operation and 0.93±0.12,1.05±0.13 at 6 months postoperatively,with no statistically significant difference between pre-and post-operations (F=0.324,1.361,P＞0.05).(2) Test results of insulin sensitivity index:there was a positive correlation in the fat masses of the whole body,trunk,region A and region G,BMI,waist circumference and HOMA-IR (r =0.873,0.874,0.894,0.696,0.843,0.816,P＜0.05),and no correlation between the fat masses of the upper and lower limbs and HOMA-IR (r =0.442,0.242,P＞0.05).The principal component of F1 and F2 were constructed by the factor analysis,F1 (trunk for the most) reflected the fat mass of the different parts of the whole body and F2 reflected the fat mass of peripheral limbs,the model of F1 was reasonable (t =5.033,P＜0.05).The contribution rate of the whole body,upper and lower limbs,trunk,region A,region G,BMI and waist circumference were respectively 0.994,0.633,0.487,0.887,0.900,0.897,0.959,0.897 in the F1 and -0.030,0.716,0.829,-0.446,-0.405,0.423,-0.201,-0.283 in the F2,and the whole body fat mass (BFM) made a largest contribution rate for the preoperative HOMA-IR (0.994).There was a positive correlation between decrease of fat mass in region G and improvement of HOMA-IR at 6 months postoperatively (r =0.717,P＜0.05).Conclusion BFM is an important index to evaluate the insulin resistance in female patients,and the decrease of fat mass in the region G is an important factor for the early remission of insulin resistance in female patients after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

With the increase of obese people around the world,the complications associated with obesity are endangering human health,it has became an important factor affecting the quality of life and increasing social and economic burdens.Rouxen-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is an effective surgical tool for the treatment of obesity and metabolic-related complications,meanwhile,it can also improve or cure the obesity-related metabolic diseases with reducing the body mass of patients.Free fat mass (FFM) is the main component of the human body and plays an important role in metabolic surgery for the prevention of bone loss,control of weight and alleviation of insulin resistance and so on.The loss of body mass is one of the manifestations of the changes in body composition and distribution after RYGB,and its performance is common after metabolic surgery.This article will summary the findings and investigate the reason of decreased FFM after RYGB and the preventive strategy for different reasons,and it will also provide to the principle of individualized management of patients and guide the clinical practice.

Objective Proximal humerus fracture is the most common upper-arm osteoporotic fracture in elderly patients and the result of treatment directly affects the physiological function of the shoulder .This article discusses the clinical effect of the locking proximal humeral plate ( LPHP) combined with anti-osteoporosis drugs in the treatment of osteoporotic comminuted proximal humerus fractures in elderly patients . Methods This study included of 47 elderly osteoporotic patients with comminuted proximal humerus fractures treated from April 2009 to March 2012 and with complete follow-up data.According to the Neer classification , the patients were divided into groups A (LPHP treatment, n=23, including 13 cases of three-part fractures and 10 cases of four-part fractures) and B (LPHP+anti-osteoporosis drugs, n=24, including 13 cases of three-part fractures and 11 cases of four-part fractures). Results All the patients were followed up for 14 to 38 (mean 23.6) months.The postoperative healing time was significantly shorter in group B than in group A ([96.57 ±2.59]d vs [115.91 ±2.73]d, P<0.05), and the excellence rate was remarkably higher in B than in A (91.7%vs 78.3%,P<0.05). Conclusion With the advantages of short healing time and high excellence rate , LPHP+anti-os-teoporosis drugs is superior to simple LPHP in the treatment of osteoporotic comminuted proximal humerus fractures in elderly patients.

Objective To explore the feasibility of using the consensus of European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People(EWGSOP) to diagnose sarcopenia among community-dwelling women aged from seventy to seventy-nine in Shanghai.Methods Twenty-two healthy community-dwelling women were recruited as the subject group(group S),and another ten young girls were randomly selected as the control group(group C).The anthropometry,bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA)and dual energy X-ray absorptionmetry(DEXA)were used to evaluate the circumferences of upper and lower limbs,and the dimension of muscle mass,according to relative appendicular skeletal mass(RASM)and skeletal muscle index(SMI).The grip dynamometer and isokinetic dynamometer were used to measure the muscle strength of upper and lower limbs.The ten meters gait speed,functional reach test,timed up and go test,Berg balance scale and short physical performance battery were all applied to assess the physical performance.The criteria of EWGSOP consensus were applied to diagnose the situation of sarcopenia.Results Firstly,the average biceps circumference and fat mass of upper limbs in group S were significantly higher than group C (P＜0.01),while no significant differences were observed in the muscle mass(P＞0.05).Secondly,RASM values gained from BIA and DEXA in S group were significantly higher than C group(P＜0.05),while the SMI values of the former were significantly lower than the latter(P＜ 0.01).Thirdly,absolute grip strength,relative grip strength and other bio-mechanical indexes of lower limbs in the s group were significantly lower than the C group(P＜0.01);the relative grip strength showed significant correlation with most bio-mechanical indexes of lower limbs.Fourthly,the physical performance in group S declined significantly compared with that of the c group(P＜O.05),and no significant correlation was found between muscle strength and physical performance of upper limbs except the absolute grip strength and gait speed.The prevalence was 0％ according to the RASM index,while the prevalence was 63.6％ and 45.4％ according to the BIA and DEXA respectively.Conclusion The assessing pattern from EWGSOP consensus could not be simply copied to applying on Chinese old people due to serious difference between RASM and SMI.The combination of SMI+relative grip strength+ TUG/SPPB/Berg may be better than the classical mode of RASM+absolute grip strength+gait speed in diagnosing sarcopenia.

[Objective ] Intrastriatal Parr interneurons are considered to be the junction between striatal input and output neurons. This study purposes to confirm the morphology of Parr neurons and their distribution in striatum. [Method] Adult male SD rats were perfused and the brains were removed. The sections were conducted with a semiconductor-frozen microtome, then single labeling and double labeling were immunocytochemically conducted with PAP technique. Positive neurons were observed, counted, and calculated, and analyzed with SPSS. [Results] The distribution of Parr positive neurons in striatum was inhomogeueous, and was the most dense in the dorsal lateral area (P<0.001) ; the distribution of Parr positive neurons in matrix compartment was apparently more than patch compartment (82.0% vs 18.0%, P<0.001); Parr positive neurons in striaturn were medium-sized cell bodies with polygonal or oval in shape (mean diameter is 11.68 μm), and were larger in the lateral area than that in the medial area (P<0.01) ; the positive dendrites were dense and smooth without dendrite spines; the positive axons 1 were slender and their collaterals extended in striatum. [Conclusion] The characteristic of Parr positive neurons collecting mostly in lateral striatum and matrix eompartment, as well as their traits of intemeurons, indicated that they would affect the striatal projection neuronal function.

To provide the basis for preparation of diagnostic kits and vaccines in Toxoplasma gondii infection, the gene coding for the qualified recombinant p30 protein (SAG1) of this parasite was amplified by PCR, and the amplified gene was cloned into prokaryotic expression vector pET-30a(+) to construct the recombinant plasmid, and then transformed to E.coli DH5α. The positive recombinant plasmid was screened by PCR and double enzymes digestion, and the nucleotide sequence of p30 gene was determined by automated DNA sequencing. Meanwhile, the identified recombinant plasmid was transformed to E.coli BL21(DE3) with the expression of p30 on bacteria induced by IPTG and the expressed protein was identified by SDS-PAGE. The protein obtained was then further purified and refolded, and its biological activity was checked by Western blotting. It was shown that the size of the amplified gene was 750 bp with molecular weight of 30 ku, and this protein could specifically react with monoclonal antibody against p30 protein.

Objective To study the feasibility of Video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy and the long term result of thoracoscopic thymectomy for myasthenia gravis. Methods 9 cases of thymus related disease were selected to undergo thymectomy though thoracoscopic approach from August 1996 to April 2001.Patients were followed up through outpatient service and telephone consultation. Results Of the 9 cases 2 cases were diagnosed as thymus cysts,1 cases thymoma,1 case malignant thymoma,1cases thymus carcinoma and 4 cases myasthenia gravis.Of the 4 cases of myasthenia gravis,3 cases were typeⅠ and 1 case was typeⅡb according to the modified Osserman classification.After thoracoscopic thymectomy 75% of patients had long-term good responses to surgery.The operation of one case of malignant thymoma was converted to lateral thoracotomy.One case of malignant thymoma with myasthenia gravis relapsed and reoperated through open thoracotomy . Conclusions video-assisted thoracoscopy can be usd to treat seleted thymic diseases .The results of video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy for mysthenia gravis is almost comparable with traditional open thoracotomy