Objective To evaluate the effect of sevoflurane on myocardial injury induced by hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (HS/R) in pigs.Methods Twenty-four Bama miniature pigs (12 males, 12 females) , weighing 20-25 kg, aged 3-5 months, were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=8 each) using a random number table: sham operation group (group S) , HS/R group and sevoflurane group (group Sev).The left and right femoral arteries and right femoral vein were cannulated for blood pressure monitoring, blood-letting, blood sampling and fluid infusion.HS/R was induced by blood-letting maintaining for 1 h, followed by resuscitation with autologous blood reinfusion and infusion of lactated Ringer's solution 2 times the volume of the blood withdrawn.The pigs in group Sev were exposed to 2％ sevoflurane for 30 min before resuscitation.After cannulation, at 30 min after hemorrhagic shock, before resuscitation, and at 30 min, and 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 h after resuscitation, blood samples were collected from the femoral artery for determination of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) activity and cardiac troponin Ⅰ (cTnI) concentration in serum using an automatic biochemical analyzer.Myocardial specimens were obtained at 3.5 h after resuscitation for detection of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-ot) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) contents (by ELISA) , and phosphor-signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (p-STAT1) expression (by Western blot), and for examination of the pathological changes (with light microscope).Results Compared with S group , the CK-MB activity and cTnI concentration in serum and contents of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly increased, and the expression of p-STAT1 was up-regulated in HS/R and Sev groups (P＜0.05).Compared with HS/R group, the CK-MB activity and cTnI concentration in serum and contents of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly decreased, and the expression of p-STAT1 was downregulated (P＜0.05) , and the pathological changes of myocardia were alleviated in Sev group.Conclusion Sevoflurane can alleviate HS/R-induced damage to myocardia of pigs, and inhibited STAT1 activity and attenuated inflammatory responses in the myocardium are involved in the mechanism.

BACKGROUND: Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) is usually implanted at the superotemporal area of eyes. Comeal endothelial calls cannot regenerate,.so the repair of the endothelial cells mainly depend on the extension and progradation of the healthy cells in other area. Therefore, changes of density and shape are observed in the corneal endothelial cells after AGV implantation. OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of density and morphology of corneal endothelial cells after AGV implantation. METHODS: Ahmed glaucoma valves were implanted in 34 eyes of 34 patients with refractory glaucoma. Density and morphology of corneal endothelial calls were evaluated in the superotemporal, superonasal, infratemporal, infranasal, and central corneal areas to calculate mean value of total comea before and at 3 and 6 months after surgery. Percentage of hexagonal cells was statistically summarized.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Mean density of corneal endothelial calls was statistically decreased following AGV implantation (P < 0.05), In particular, the decrease was obvious in the superetemporal area. Density of corneal endothelial cells was not changed in central area before and after AGV implantation. Morphological changes demonstrated that hexagonal cells were increased, but polygon cells were increased (P< 0.05). Density of corneal endothelial cells was gradually decreased, and morphology was also changed at 6 months after AGV implantation, suggesting that more care should be taken during intra-operation in order to minimize damage td the endothelium and prolong monitoring time of corneal endothelial cells following AGV implantation.

Objective To establish rat models with pulmonary artery hypertension induced by monocrotaline(MCT) and to observe the pathological changes of lung tissue.Methods Seventy male Wistar rats were randomly devided into three group:control group(n=10),50 mg?kg-1 MCT group(n=30),60 mg?kg-1 MCT group(n=30).At two weeks and four weeks after injected intraperitoneally with MCT(injected intraperitoneally with equal normal saline in control group),the right ventricular systolic pressure(RVSP)and right ventricle weight/left ventricle+septum weight [RV/(LV+S)] ratio were measured.Hematoxylin-eosin staining and orcein technique were used to observe the pathological changes of lung tissue and pulmonary arterioles'medial thickness.Results Two weeks or four weeks after MCT administration,RVSP in 50 mg?kg-1 MCT group was higher than that in control group(respectively 36.6 mmHg?5.1 mmHg,39.1 mmHg?7.0 mmHg versus 26.1 mmHg?3.8 mmHg,both P

Objective To explore the value of high-resolution MRI(HR-MRI) on clinical application in the differential diagnosis between Moyamoya disease(MMD) and atherosclerosis-related Moyamoya syndrome (A-MMS). Methods Seventeen cases of patients with MMD and 18 cases of patients with A-MMS in our hospital from January 2014 to September 2015 were prospectively enrolled in the study. Record the clinical data and the proximal middle cerebral artery (M1 portion) performance on HR-MRI, the max-vessel area, the min-vessel area, the max-lumen area, the min-lumen area, the wall max-thickness, the styles of M1 portion thickening (eccentric or concentric), whether the wall was enhanced or not, and analysis the recorded data statistically, t test and χ2 test were used for the statistical analysis. Results The wall max-thickness of MMD group was (0.94 ± 0.17) mm, which was smaller than that in A-MMS group (1.23 ± 0.42) mm, there was statistic significance (t=-2.977, P=0.006). The cases of M1 portion non-enhancement was 15, slight enhancement 2, strong enhancement 0 in MMD group, and non-enhancement 5, slight enhancement 5, strong enhancement 8 in the A-MMS group, the difference was significant statistically (χ2=9.794, P=0.001). The cases of M1 portion concentric thickening was 16, 9 cases in the A-MMS group, there was statistic difference between them (χ2=6.317, P=0.012). Wall concentric thickening diagnose the MMD with a sensitivity of 94.1% (16/17), specificity of 50.0% (9/18), accuracy of 71.4%(25/35). Wall strong enhancement appear in the A-MMS with a sensitivity of 44.4%(8/18), specificity of 100%(17/17), accuracy of 71.4%(25/35).With a cut-off the maximum wall thickness of 1.2 mm could be used to noninvasively differential diagnose the MMD and A-MMS with a sensitivity of 55.6%(10/18), specificity of 88.2%(15/17), accuracy of 71.4%(25/35). Conclusion HR-MRI is a good tool for the differential diagnosis between MMD and A-MMS.

Objective To understand the life quality status of freshmen in higher medical colleges,and discuss the factors influencing the quality of life,in order to improve their life quality,and put forward the countermeasures and suggestions.Methods We randomly selected a higher medical colleges and universities in Yunnan,the grade one students were investigated with SF-36 scale investigation,the data were analyzed by t test and multiple linear regression analysis.Results The quality of life scores (PCS,MCS) of freshmen in this medical college are lower than the national norm,the segmentation in the field of eight only GH is higher than the national norm,and the RP,BP,VT,RE are lower than the national norm.There are six factors into the regression equation of the quality of life:health,insomnia,life pressure,communicating with people,life rule.Conclusions The QOL of freshmen in higher medical colleges and universities is low,relevant departments should be caused to take seriously.To improve the QOL,the government,society,school,personal must make joint efforts in many ways,and take targeted measures.

ObjectiveToestablisharatmodelofincreasedbloodflow-inducedpulmonaryarterialhypertension generatedbyanastomosisoftheleftcommoncarotidarterytoleftexternaljugularvein.Methods 45maleSDratswere divided into three groups:the shunt group , the ligation group and the sham group .At twelve weeks after the procedure , the general status of the rats was observed . Heart conditions , cardiac output and shunt patency were measured by echocardiography .Right ventricular systolic pressure ( RVSP ) and Qp/Qs were checked by catheterization . Right ventricular hypertrophy index ( RVHI) was calculated and lung tissues were examined by pathology using hematoxylin -eosin and elastin Van Gieson staining .All data were analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA test using SPSS 16.0.Results There was no significant difference in body weight gains between the groups .The patency rate of shunt was 84.6%.The heart was enlarged in the group shunt .Cardiac output increased significantly in the shunt group than that in the other two groups [(309.8 ±33.1) mL/min?kg vs.(245.6 ±31.9) mL/min?kg, (240.8 ±30.9)mL/min?kg, respectively, P<0.05].In the shunt group Qp/Qs was 2.16 ±0.38 and RVSP increased to (35.8 ±4.9) mmHg, RVHI was 0.3263 ± 0.0342, significantly higher than that of the other groups .The pulmonary arteriolar wall was evidently thickened in contrast to that in the sham group [ ( 22.3 ±1.7 )% vs.( 10.6 ±1.7 )%, P <0.05 ) .Conclusions Anastomosis of the left common carotid artery to left external jugular vein can successfully establish pulmonary arterial hypertension model induced by high blood flow in rats .

Objective To evaluate the protective effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in rats and its underlying mechanisms. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the Sham group, AKI group, EGCG group and TLR4 group (n = 10 each). To establish the rat model of endotoxemia, serum creatinine (Cr) and urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were detected by biochemical assays; serum interlukin (IL) -6, IL-1β, IL-10, and TNF-α levels were detected by ELISA; kidney histopathology was examined by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining method; and expression of TLR4, Myd88 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in rat kidneys at both protein and mRNA levels was detected by Western blotting and qRT-PCR, respectively.Results Kidney injury increased significantly in AKI group compared to the sham group. Serum Cr, BUN, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels significantly increased whereas IL-10 levels significantly decreased in AKI group compared to the sham group. Expression levels of TLR4, Myd88, and NF-κB also significantly increased at both protein and mRNA levels in AKI group compared to the sham group. Treatment with EGCG prior to induction of LPS-mediated AKI conferred protection against AKI by significantly reducing the expression of inflammatory markers such as, TLR4, Myd88, and NF-κB. Given TLR4 inhibitor based on this, the protective effect of EGCG on AKI was via inhibition of the TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB pathway. Conclusion EGCG exhibited a protective effect against LPS-induced AKI by inhibiting the activation of TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB pathway.

Objective To investigate the regulating function of human gingival mesenchymal stem cell (GMSC) on the proliferation and differentiation of B cells and its underlying molecular mechanism. Methods GMSC were isolated and B cells were isolated from peripheral blood. GMSC or fibroblasts were co-cultured with B cells in vitro and assigned into the GMSC group and fibroblast group. The proliferation of B cells was detected in two groups. The expression of IgG1 and IgM in the cell supernatants was measured between two groups. The secretion of interleukin (IL)-6, Perforin, interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was compared between two groups. The expression levels ofIL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in B cells were detected between two groups. The expression of PC-1 in B cells was measured in two groups. The signaling pathway involved with the regulating effect of GMSC on B cell function was investigated. The regulating effect of GMSC on the role of B cells in activating T cell function was assessed. Results Compared with the fibroblast group, the proliferation of B cells was significantly weakened in the GMSC group (P < 0.05). Co-culture of GMSC and B cells significantly inhibited the secretion of IgG1 and IgM from B cells and the secretion ofIL-6, Perforin, IFN-γ and TNF-α (all P < 0.05). Compared with the fibroblast group, the secretion of IL-10 and TGF-βwas significantly higher in the GMSC group (both P < 0.05). The expression level of PC-1 in the GMSC group was significantly down-regulated (P < 0.05). After adding ALK5, an inhibitor of TGF-β receptor, the inhibitory effect of GMSC upon B cells was significantly weakened (P < 0.05). Compared with the fibroblast group, the ability of B cells to activate and proliferate T cells was significantly attenuated in the GMSC group (P < 0.05). Conclusions GMSC can inhibit B cells and their mediated immune responses. The activation of B cells and other related functions can be suppressed through the TGF-β signaling pathway.

Objective To observe the high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) features of proximal portion of middle cerebral artery (M1 portion) in patients with moyamoya angiopathy (MMA).Methods Forty-six MMA patients and 12 health volunteers,collected in our hospital from January 2014 to September 2015,were chosen in our study;these subjects were performed three dimensional time of flight magnetic resonance angiography (3D-TOF-MRA) and HR-MRI.The quantitative measurements were conducted retrospectively at the minimum cross-sectional area of vessel and maximum thickness of wall;the morphological changes of the vessel wall of the M1 portion and enhancement or not of wall were evaluated.Moreover,general clinical data and vascular risk factors of all patients were evaluated.Results The minimum cross-sectional area of volunteers was (13.71 ± 2.510) mm2,and the maximum thickness was (0.631±0.203) mm;the minimum cross-sectional area of patients with MMA was (2.700±1.511) mm2,remodeling index was (0.209±0.136),and the maximum thickness was (1.078±0.375) mm.Eccentric thickening was noted in 30.4％ patients (14/46),concentric thickening in 69.6％ patients (32/46).Wall non-enhancement was noted in 45.7％ patients (21/46) and wall enhancement in 54.3％ patients (25/46).Eccentric thickening patients had significantly elder age,higher maximum thickness of wall and carotid atherosclerosis rate than concentric thickening patients (P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression showed that carotid atherosclerosis were independently associated with wall eccentric thickening (OR=4.986,95％CI:1.263-36046,P=0.026).Wall enhancement patients had significantly higher maximum thickness of wall and hypertension level than the wall non-enhancement patients (P＜0.05).Logistic regression showed that hypertension was independently associated with wall enhancement (OR=1 1.764,95％CI:2.081-66.51,P=0.005).Hypertension and carotid atherosclerosis were positively related to the wall thickness (r=0.401,P=0.008;r=0.415,P=0.004).Themaximum thickness was significantly higher in hypertension group than that in normal blood pressure group ([1.234±0.4329] mm vs.[0.936±0.2455] mm,P=0.008).Conclusions M1 portion commonly shows concentric thickening,or eccentric thickening when MMA comorbid with atherosclerosis and negative remodeling in MMA patients on HR-MRI.Wall enhancement is associated with wall thickening,and hypertension is an important factor in the wall thickening.

Objective To explore the clinical application value of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) in the differential diagnoses of moyamoya disease (MMD) and vasculitis-related moyamoya syndrome (V-MMS). Methods A prospective study of clinical data of 22 patients with MMD and 24 patients with V-MMS, admitted to our hospital from January 2014 to September 2016, was performed. HR-MRI and 3D-time of flight-magnetic resonance angiography (3D-TOF-MRA) were performed in all the patients. The proximal middle cerebral artery performance on HR-MRI was recorded: the max-vessel area, min-vessel area, max-lumen area, min-lumen area, wall max-thickness, styles of stenosis of the proximal middle cerebral artery lumen (eccentric stenosis or concentric stenosis), and wall enhancement or not. Results The max-vessel area, min-vessel area, and wall max-thickness of the V-MMS group were significantly larger than those in the MMD group (P<0.05). As compared with patients from MMD group, those from V-MMS group displayed higher distinct and concentric enhancement in the proximal portion of middle cerebral artery (M1 portion) and perforator vessels in basal ganglia region and small vessels in meninges or groove, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of M1 portion wall distinct enhancement in diagnosing V-MMS were 75.0％ (18/24), 86.4％ (19/22), and 80.4％ (37/46). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of M1 portion wall distinct enhancement combined with perforator vessels in basal ganglia region or small vessels in meningeal or groove in diagnosing V-MMS were 63.6％(15/24), 90.9％(20/22), and 76.1％(35/46). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of M1 portion wall distinct enhancement combined with perforator vessels in basal ganglia region or small vessels in meningeal or groove in diagnosing V-MMS were 63.6％ (15/24), 90.9％ (20/22), and 76.1％ (35/46). Conclusion HR-MRI is a good tool in the differential diagnoses of MMD and V-MMS.