Cyclic strabismus is now well recognized, but remains a rare entity. This heterotropia represents an interesting ocular motility problem in which the ocular deviation is present on a rhythmic basis, usually a 48 hour cycle. On the strabismic day, constant heterotropia is large and associated with suppression and no diplopia. On the nonstrabismic day, no deviation or only a small heterophoria is present with good binocular function. Most of these strabismus were presented with esotropia, but in our case, the pattern of deviation is cyclic exotropia. This is a very rare and unique feature.
Diplopia ; Esotropia ; Exotropia* ; Strabismus ; Telescopes

Fifteen patients, 15 eyes with medically uncontrollable glaucomas and poor surgical prognoses underwent one-stage, single plate Molteno implatation without postoperative adjunctive systemic antifibrosis therapy. The Molteno implant procedures were successful in 12 (80%) of the 15 eyes. The visual acuity was improved in 2 eyes (13%), but worsened in 2 eyes (13%). Complications included hyphema in 5 eyes (33%), choroidal detachment in 4 eyes (26%), shallow anterior chamber in 3 eyes (20%), tube-iris touch in one eye (6%).
Anterior Chamber ; Choroid ; Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Hyphema ; Prognosis ; Visual Acuity

Persistent pupillary membranes are common congenital disorders. To reduce the surgical complications, we used vitreous scissors instead of conventionally used Vannas scissors to remove the membrane and reviewed the surgical results. Five eyes of 4 children with persistent pupillary membrane were treated by surgery. Through the 1.5 mm limbal incision, the membrane was removed by using vitreous scissors after intracameral sodium hyaluronate. After 22.6 months follow-up, all pupils of operated eyes were round and no complications associated with the surgery were found. Three eyes showed improved visual acuities after the operation. We suggest that the surgery with vitreous scissors is better than with Vannas scissors.
Anterior Chamber ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyaluronic Acid/administration & dosage ; Infant ; Injections ; Iris/*abnormalities ; Iris Diseases/*congenital/*surgery ; Male ; Pupil ; Surgical Instruments ; Treatment Outcome

The authors report the incidence of myopia in a group of premature infants with birth weights of less than 1500g and/or gestational age less than 33 weeks. One hundred sixty eight babies who were born in one hospital from Jan. 1991 to Dec. 1993 were included. Eyes were refracted using cycloplegic retinoscopy at 6 months after term. Myopia was observed in 49.8% of the refracted eyes. High myopia was observed in 1.4%. The history of acute retinopathy of prematurity was not associated with the development of myopia or high myopia(Fishers exact test, p>0.05), but the history of threshold retinopathy of prematurity was associated with the high incidence of myopia and high myopia(Chi-square test, p<0.05).
Birth Weight ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Myopia* ; Retinopathy of Prematurity* ; Retinoscopy

The scanning laser ophthalmoscope was used to measure arm-retinal time(ART) and arteriovenous passage time(AVP) in 27 non-proliferative diabetic retinopathic eyes(NPDR eyes) and 22 normal controls. The ART in NPDR eyes(12.10 +/- 4.21 sec) was similar to that in normal eyes(12.79 +/- 3.59 sec). The AVPs measured from each quadrant were significantly longer in all quadrants in the NPDR eyes (2.41 +/- 0.85 sec in superior temporal quadrant (ST), 2.29 +/- 0.63 sec in inferior temporal one(IT) , 2.41+/-0.88 see in superior nasal one (SN), and 2.30 +/- 0.72 sec in inferior nasal one(IN)) than in normal eyes(1.73 +/- 0.61 sec in ST, 1.81 +/- 0.75 sec in IT, 1.83 +/- 0.58 sec in SN, and 1.83 +/- 0.58 sec in IN). This results suggest that retinal blood flow and its velocity are reduced in NPDR.
Diabetic Retinopathy* ; Ophthalmoscopes* ; Retinaldehyde*

PURPOSE: We report a case of infraduction limitation improvement and orthotropia at primary position in a patient with traumatic isolated inferior rectus muscle rupture after immediate repair surgery of the ruptured muscle. CASE SUMMARY: A 47-year-old man came to our emergency department complaining of right eyelid contusion and conjunctival laceration after trauma due to the metal part of a high pressure hose. Right hypertropia of 20 prism diopters was observed at primary gaze and right hypertropia of 30 prism diopters was observed at down gaze. The right eye showed a -4 infraduction limitation. We sutured the distal part of the ruptured inferior rectus muscle with surrounding tissue, including the Tenon's capsule and the part of the muscle stump, to its original insertion. Orthotropia at primary position and 8-prism-diopters of right hypertropia on down gaze was observed one day after surgery. At 40 days after surgery, the patient had orthotropia at primary position and 4-prism-diopter right hypertropia on down gaze. Infraduction limitation of the right eye improved to -1. CONCLUSIONS: Immediate repair of complete traumatic isolated inferior rectus muscle rupture can correct the limitation of extraocular movement and achieve orthotropia at primary position.
Contusions ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Eyelids ; Humans ; Lacerations ; Middle Aged ; Rupture* ; Strabismus ; Tenon Capsule

we investigated the effect of spherical lens-induced anisometropia on dynamic stereoacuity. Twenty subjects with normal binocular function without past ophthalmic disease history were examined for the effect of anisometropia on the viasual acuity, static and dynamic stereoacuity created with spherical lenses in 0.5D stepwise manner before dominant eye from -2.0D to +2.0D. Dynamic stereoacuity was measured by new computer program. And we investigated the effect of anisometropia on dynamic stereoacuity as the power of the lenses was increased and the effect of plus lens vs minus lens on the dynamic stereoacuity. As a result, dynamic stereoacuity decreased statistically significantly as the power of the spherical lenses increased. And the plus 1.5D and 2.0D lens showed more deteriorating effects on dynamic stereoacuity than the corresponding minus power lenses, respectively. No statistically significant correlation was found between static and dynamic stereoacuity at each spherical lens diopter.
Anisometropia* ; Telescopes

PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence of myopia and their relation with gestational age, birth weight and the factors influencing the occurrence and degree of myopia in pre-term infants without retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). METHODS: At the age of 6 months, cycloplegic refraction and A-Scan sonography were performed in 172 eyes of 86 pre-term infants with the gestational age less than 38 weeks from Jan. 1997 to Dec. 1999. RESULTS: Myopia was observed in 46.5% of the refracted eyes. Gestational age and birth weight had a positive correlation with the spherical equivalent. The mean axial length of the right and left eye were 19.030 mm and 19.834 mm, respectively. The axial length had a negative correlation with spherical equivalent. Male infants had longer eyes than female infants. There was no correlation between lens thickness or anterior chamber depth with the spherical equivalent. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the birth weight and axial length significantly influenced the value of spherical equivalent. CONCLUSION: Clinically, pre-term infants without ROP also run an increased risk of developing myopia. Especially pre-term infants with low birth weight pose a greater risk. The extent of myopia of pre-term infants strongly relate to the axial length but not to the lens thickness or the depth of anterior chamber.
Anterior Chamber ; Birth Weight ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Infant* ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Myopia* ; Retinopathy of Prematurity*

PURPOSE: To determine the range of cyclotorsion in the mass screening of patients by studying the spatial relationship between the optic disc and the fovea. METHODS: We examined the horizontal and vertical distances from the center of the optic disc to the fovea using the fundus photographs of 249 subjects (498 eyes) without a past history of strabismus through mass screening and then calculated the optic disc-foveal angle. We studied the differences in all the measured parameters between the right and left eyes and between men and women. RESULTS: The horizontal distance from the center of the optic disc to the fovea was 2.59+/-0.26 DD (disc diameter) in the right eye and 2.58+/-0.27 DD in the left eye. The mean horizontal distance was 2.59+/-0.26 DD. The vertical distance from the center of the optic disc to the fovea was 0.28+/-0.14 DD in the right eye and 0.30+/-0.13 DD in the left eye. The mean vertical distance was 0.29+/-0.14 DD. The calculated disc-foveal angle was 6.26+/-2.98 degrees in the right eye and 6.69+/-2.84 degrees in the left eye (mean, 6.50+/-2.92 degrees). There were no significant differences between the right and left eyes or between males and females. The 95% range of the location of the fovea was from 0.01 DD to 0.57 DD inferior to the optic disc center. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the clinical location of the fovea, as measured in the mass screening, extends from the center of the optic disc to the lower edge of the optic disc.
Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening* ; Strabismus

Osteogenesis imperfecta is relatively rare hereditary disease. It is characterized by frequent multiple bone fractures, spine scoliosis due to fragility of bone and is often associated with blue sclera, deafness and dentinogenesis imperfecta. Three-year-old male patient showed left tibia and fibula fractures and spine scoliosis with mild cortical bone thinning of tibia and fibula in radiologic study and blue sclera with family history of autosomal dominant inheritance pattern on ocular examination. He suffered 4 times lower leg fractures during the last 19 months. But, other features associated with osteogenesis imperfecta such as deafness or dentinogenesis imperfecta were not observed. The authors diagnosed osteogenesis imperfecta clinically and report this case with review of available literature.
Deafness ; Dentinogenesis Imperfecta ; Fibula ; Fractures, Bone ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; Humans ; Inheritance Patterns ; Leg ; Male ; Osteogenesis Imperfecta* ; Osteogenesis* ; Sclera* ; Scoliosis ; Spine ; Tibia