Cyclic strabismus is now well recognized, but remains a rare entity. This heterotropia represents an interesting ocular motility problem in which the ocular deviation is present on a rhythmic basis, usually a 48 hour cycle. On the strabismic day, constant heterotropia is large and associated with suppression and no diplopia. On the nonstrabismic day, no deviation or only a small heterophoria is present with good binocular function. Most of these strabismus were presented with esotropia, but in our case, the pattern of deviation is cyclic exotropia. This is a very rare and unique feature.
Diplopia ; Esotropia ; Exotropia* ; Strabismus ; Telescopes

Fifteen patients, 15 eyes with medically uncontrollable glaucomas and poor surgical prognoses underwent one-stage, single plate Molteno implatation without postoperative adjunctive systemic antifibrosis therapy. The Molteno implant procedures were successful in 12 (80%) of the 15 eyes. The visual acuity was improved in 2 eyes (13%), but worsened in 2 eyes (13%). Complications included hyphema in 5 eyes (33%), choroidal detachment in 4 eyes (26%), shallow anterior chamber in 3 eyes (20%), tube-iris touch in one eye (6%).
Anterior Chamber ; Choroid ; Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Hyphema ; Prognosis ; Visual Acuity

Persistent pupillary membranes are common congenital disorders. To reduce the surgical complications, we used vitreous scissors instead of conventionally used Vannas scissors to remove the membrane and reviewed the surgical results. Five eyes of 4 children with persistent pupillary membrane were treated by surgery. Through the 1.5 mm limbal incision, the membrane was removed by using vitreous scissors after intracameral sodium hyaluronate. After 22.6 months follow-up, all pupils of operated eyes were round and no complications associated with the surgery were found. Three eyes showed improved visual acuities after the operation. We suggest that the surgery with vitreous scissors is better than with Vannas scissors.
Anterior Chamber ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyaluronic Acid/administration & dosage ; Infant ; Injections ; Iris/*abnormalities ; Iris Diseases/*congenital/*surgery ; Male ; Pupil ; Surgical Instruments ; Treatment Outcome

The authors report the incidence of myopia in a group of premature infants with birth weights of less than 1500g and/or gestational age less than 33 weeks. One hundred sixty eight babies who were born in one hospital from Jan. 1991 to Dec. 1993 were included. Eyes were refracted using cycloplegic retinoscopy at 6 months after term. Myopia was observed in 49.8% of the refracted eyes. High myopia was observed in 1.4%. The history of acute retinopathy of prematurity was not associated with the development of myopia or high myopia(Fishers exact test, p>0.05), but the history of threshold retinopathy of prematurity was associated with the high incidence of myopia and high myopia(Chi-square test, p<0.05).
Birth Weight ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Myopia* ; Retinopathy of Prematurity* ; Retinoscopy

The scanning laser ophthalmoscope was used to measure arm-retinal time(ART) and arteriovenous passage time(AVP) in 27 non-proliferative diabetic retinopathic eyes(NPDR eyes) and 22 normal controls. The ART in NPDR eyes(12.10 +/- 4.21 sec) was similar to that in normal eyes(12.79 +/- 3.59 sec). The AVPs measured from each quadrant were significantly longer in all quadrants in the NPDR eyes (2.41 +/- 0.85 sec in superior temporal quadrant (ST), 2.29 +/- 0.63 sec in inferior temporal one(IT) , 2.41+/-0.88 see in superior nasal one (SN), and 2.30 +/- 0.72 sec in inferior nasal one(IN)) than in normal eyes(1.73 +/- 0.61 sec in ST, 1.81 +/- 0.75 sec in IT, 1.83 +/- 0.58 sec in SN, and 1.83 +/- 0.58 sec in IN). This results suggest that retinal blood flow and its velocity are reduced in NPDR.
Diabetic Retinopathy* ; Ophthalmoscopes* ; Retinaldehyde*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence of myopia and their relation with gestational age, birth weight and the factors influencing the occurrence and degree of myopia in pre-term infants without retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). METHODS: At the age of 6 months, cycloplegic refraction and A-Scan sonography were performed in 172 eyes of 86 pre-term infants with the gestational age less than 38 weeks from Jan. 1997 to Dec. 1999. RESULTS: Myopia was observed in 46.5% of the refracted eyes. Gestational age and birth weight had a positive correlation with the spherical equivalent. The mean axial length of the right and left eye were 19.030 mm and 19.834 mm, respectively. The axial length had a negative correlation with spherical equivalent. Male infants had longer eyes than female infants. There was no correlation between lens thickness or anterior chamber depth with the spherical equivalent. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the birth weight and axial length significantly influenced the value of spherical equivalent. CONCLUSION: Clinically, pre-term infants without ROP also run an increased risk of developing myopia. Especially pre-term infants with low birth weight pose a greater risk. The extent of myopia of pre-term infants strongly relate to the axial length but not to the lens thickness or the depth of anterior chamber.
Anterior Chamber ; Birth Weight ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Infant* ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Myopia* ; Retinopathy of Prematurity*

PURPOSE: We report a case of infraduction limitation improvement and orthotropia at primary position in a patient with traumatic isolated inferior rectus muscle rupture after immediate repair surgery of the ruptured muscle. CASE SUMMARY: A 47-year-old man came to our emergency department complaining of right eyelid contusion and conjunctival laceration after trauma due to the metal part of a high pressure hose. Right hypertropia of 20 prism diopters was observed at primary gaze and right hypertropia of 30 prism diopters was observed at down gaze. The right eye showed a -4 infraduction limitation. We sutured the distal part of the ruptured inferior rectus muscle with surrounding tissue, including the Tenon's capsule and the part of the muscle stump, to its original insertion. Orthotropia at primary position and 8-prism-diopters of right hypertropia on down gaze was observed one day after surgery. At 40 days after surgery, the patient had orthotropia at primary position and 4-prism-diopter right hypertropia on down gaze. Infraduction limitation of the right eye improved to -1. CONCLUSIONS: Immediate repair of complete traumatic isolated inferior rectus muscle rupture can correct the limitation of extraocular movement and achieve orthotropia at primary position.
Contusions ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Eyelids ; Humans ; Lacerations ; Middle Aged ; Rupture* ; Strabismus ; Tenon Capsule

we investigated the effect of spherical lens-induced anisometropia on dynamic stereoacuity. Twenty subjects with normal binocular function without past ophthalmic disease history were examined for the effect of anisometropia on the viasual acuity, static and dynamic stereoacuity created with spherical lenses in 0.5D stepwise manner before dominant eye from -2.0D to +2.0D. Dynamic stereoacuity was measured by new computer program. And we investigated the effect of anisometropia on dynamic stereoacuity as the power of the lenses was increased and the effect of plus lens vs minus lens on the dynamic stereoacuity. As a result, dynamic stereoacuity decreased statistically significantly as the power of the spherical lenses increased. And the plus 1.5D and 2.0D lens showed more deteriorating effects on dynamic stereoacuity than the corresponding minus power lenses, respectively. No statistically significant correlation was found between static and dynamic stereoacuity at each spherical lens diopter.
Anisometropia* ; Telescopes

PURPOSE: To study the effect of occlusion therapy in amblyopia according to the beginning time of occlusion therapy, type and depth of amblyopia. METHODS: The total 92 children, who had been treated with occlusion therapy were included in this study. Patients were divided into two groups according to the age when occlusion therapy was started: those with less than 7 years vs 7 years or older. Patients were also divided into three groups according to the type of amblyopia and depth of amblyopia: mild amblyopia with visual acuity 0.6 or more , moderate amblyopia with between 0.2 and 0.5 , and severe amblyopia with 0.1 or less. RESULTS: The children under 7 years old were 58 patients and 7 years or over was 34 patients. In patients less than 7 years, 70.7% achieved a successful treatment and in patients 7 years or more, 67.6% was in success. There was no significant difference between two groups. Among the moderate and severe amblyopic patients, 72.1% of patients under 7 year-old and of 44.4% of over 7 year-old achieved a successful treatment. According to the type of amblyopia, there was no significant difference between the groups. According to the depth of amblyopia, success rate of occlusion in mild, moderate and severe amblyopia was 80.6%, 67.9%, and 37.5% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The success rate was higher in younger group than older group in moderate and severe amblyopia. The depth of amblyopia affected the final visual outcome, and occlusion therapy was more effective in less severe amblyopia.
Amblyopia* ; Child ; Humans ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To study the associated factors with surgical success of intermittent exotropia of basic type in children. METHODS: The medical records of 58 children with intermittent exotropia treated with unilateral recession of lateral rectus muscle and resection of the medial rectus muscle and having at least 6 months of follow-up were reviewed. These surgical results were analyzed to assess the association with preoperative factors including sex, photophobia, stereopsis, vertical deviation, time of surgery and preoperative angle of deviation and early postoperative changes in motor alignment which were documented at 2 days, 1 week and 1 month after the surgery. RESULTS: There was significant difference between the early postoperative overcorrection group and others(P<0.05). The overcorrection of 10-20PD showed higher success rate than the overcorrection of 1-9PD at postoperative 1 week. Any preoperative patients' characteristics were not related to surgical outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Early postoperative overcorrection is associated with the good surgical result and the overcorrection of 10-20PD at 1 week can be the predictive factor of better surgical outcome.
Child* ; Depth Perception ; Exotropia* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Photophobia