Cyclic strabismus is now well recognized, but remains a rare entity. This heterotropia represents an interesting ocular motility problem in which the ocular deviation is present on a rhythmic basis, usually a 48 hour cycle. On the strabismic day, constant heterotropia is large and associated with suppression and no diplopia. On the nonstrabismic day, no deviation or only a small heterophoria is present with good binocular function. Most of these strabismus were presented with esotropia, but in our case, the pattern of deviation is cyclic exotropia. This is a very rare and unique feature.
Diplopia ; Esotropia ; Exotropia* ; Strabismus ; Telescopes

Persistent pupillary membranes are common congenital disorders. To reduce the surgical complications, we used vitreous scissors instead of conventionally used Vannas scissors to remove the membrane and reviewed the surgical results. Five eyes of 4 children with persistent pupillary membrane were treated by surgery. Through the 1.5 mm limbal incision, the membrane was removed by using vitreous scissors after intracameral sodium hyaluronate. After 22.6 months follow-up, all pupils of operated eyes were round and no complications associated with the surgery were found. Three eyes showed improved visual acuities after the operation. We suggest that the surgery with vitreous scissors is better than with Vannas scissors.
Anterior Chamber ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyaluronic Acid/administration & dosage ; Infant ; Injections ; Iris/*abnormalities ; Iris Diseases/*congenital/*surgery ; Male ; Pupil ; Surgical Instruments ; Treatment Outcome

The authors report the incidence of myopia in a group of premature infants with birth weights of less than 1500g and/or gestational age less than 33 weeks. One hundred sixty eight babies who were born in one hospital from Jan. 1991 to Dec. 1993 were included. Eyes were refracted using cycloplegic retinoscopy at 6 months after term. Myopia was observed in 49.8% of the refracted eyes. High myopia was observed in 1.4%. The history of acute retinopathy of prematurity was not associated with the development of myopia or high myopia(Fishers exact test, p>0.05), but the history of threshold retinopathy of prematurity was associated with the high incidence of myopia and high myopia(Chi-square test, p<0.05).
Birth Weight ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Myopia* ; Retinopathy of Prematurity* ; Retinoscopy

Fifteen patients, 15 eyes with medically uncontrollable glaucomas and poor surgical prognoses underwent one-stage, single plate Molteno implatation without postoperative adjunctive systemic antifibrosis therapy. The Molteno implant procedures were successful in 12 (80%) of the 15 eyes. The visual acuity was improved in 2 eyes (13%), but worsened in 2 eyes (13%). Complications included hyphema in 5 eyes (33%), choroidal detachment in 4 eyes (26%), shallow anterior chamber in 3 eyes (20%), tube-iris touch in one eye (6%).
Anterior Chamber ; Choroid ; Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Hyphema ; Prognosis ; Visual Acuity

The scanning laser ophthalmoscope was used to measure arm-retinal time(ART) and arteriovenous passage time(AVP) in 27 non-proliferative diabetic retinopathic eyes(NPDR eyes) and 22 normal controls. The ART in NPDR eyes(12.10 +/- 4.21 sec) was similar to that in normal eyes(12.79 +/- 3.59 sec). The AVPs measured from each quadrant were significantly longer in all quadrants in the NPDR eyes (2.41 +/- 0.85 sec in superior temporal quadrant (ST), 2.29 +/- 0.63 sec in inferior temporal one(IT) , 2.41+/-0.88 see in superior nasal one (SN), and 2.30 +/- 0.72 sec in inferior nasal one(IN)) than in normal eyes(1.73 +/- 0.61 sec in ST, 1.81 +/- 0.75 sec in IT, 1.83 +/- 0.58 sec in SN, and 1.83 +/- 0.58 sec in IN). This results suggest that retinal blood flow and its velocity are reduced in NPDR.
Diabetic Retinopathy* ; Ophthalmoscopes* ; Retinaldehyde*

Osteogenesis imperfecta is relatively rare hereditary disease. It is characterized by frequent multiple bone fractures, spine scoliosis due to fragility of bone and is often associated with blue sclera, deafness and dentinogenesis imperfecta. Three-year-old male patient showed left tibia and fibula fractures and spine scoliosis with mild cortical bone thinning of tibia and fibula in radiologic study and blue sclera with family history of autosomal dominant inheritance pattern on ocular examination. He suffered 4 times lower leg fractures during the last 19 months. But, other features associated with osteogenesis imperfecta such as deafness or dentinogenesis imperfecta were not observed. The authors diagnosed osteogenesis imperfecta clinically and report this case with review of available literature.
Deafness ; Dentinogenesis Imperfecta ; Fibula ; Fractures, Bone ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; Humans ; Inheritance Patterns ; Leg ; Male ; Osteogenesis Imperfecta* ; Osteogenesis* ; Sclera* ; Scoliosis ; Spine ; Tibia

Developmental glaucoma is essentially a surgical disease, with goniotomy or trabeculotomy recommended as a primary surgical procedure. Although the success rates of both procedure are similar, trabeculotomy can be performed in eyes of with a hazy cornea, whereas a clear cornea is necessary to perform a goniotomy. To inspect the clinical results after primary trabeculotomy and find out the factors that have an influence on the outcome of surgery, we reviewed 40 consecutive eyes of 26 patients with developmental glaucoma who had underwent trabeculotomy as a primary surgical procedure. Preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal diameter, C/D ratio was compared to postoperative values and the cumulative success probability was calculated, with defining the success as the case where the IOP has been maintained equal to or less than 21mmHg after surgery without no enlargement in corneal diameter or progression of cupping of the optic disc. IOP was reduced by 18.7% after surgery and this change was statistically significant (p<0.01). However, there were no significant changes from the preoperative value in corneal diameter and C/D ratio. The cumulative success probability were 82.3% and 49.0% at 6 month and 1 year, respectively. Corneal opacity seemed to influence the outcome adversely with the 1 year cumulative success rate of 90.0% in the cases without corneal opacity and 37.6% in the cases with corneal opacity (p<0.05), whereas the type of glaucoma, age at the time of surgery, corneal opacity, preoperative IOP, corneal diameter, and C/D ratio appeared to make no differences on the outcome. In conclusion, trabeculotomy reduced the IOP effectively, but the success rate was significantly lower in eyes with corneal opacity. Therefore, investigations to find a better surgical treatment modality for the developmental glaucoma with corneal opacity will be needed.
Cornea ; Corneal Opacity ; Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Trabeculectomy*

We analyzed 33 patients (39 eyes) who were surgically diagnosed as persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) with standardized B-scan ultrasonography. The eyes were evaluated for vitreous stalk or membrane, retrolental proliferation, retinal fold, vitreous opacity, and retinal detachment (64.1 %, 48.7 %, 15.4 %, 15.4 %, and 5.1 %, respectively) with the results. We classified these findings of PHPV into 5 types as follows, type 1: simple retinal fold or preretinal fold alone; type 2: retrolental proliferation alone; type 3: vitreous stalk or membrane; type 4: retrolental proliferation connected with vitreous stalk or membrane; type 5: complicated retinal detachment. The incidence of these types were 15.4%, 15.4%, 28.2 %, 33.3 %, and 5.1 %, respectively. Ultrasonographic findings would be used as a useful parameters to evaluate, document, and plan the management in PHPV.
Classification ; Humans ; Incidence ; Membranes ; Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous* ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinaldehyde ; Ultrasonography

Whether the myopia associated with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is influenced by retinal cryotherapy is still controversial. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of retinal cryotherapy and retinal photocoagulation on the refraction and refractive components of the eyes of normal immature rabbits. In the 58 pigmented rabbits of 5 weeks old, retinal cryotherapy (360 degrees, 180 degrees) or retinal photocoagulation (360 degrees) were performed to the one eye. And cycloplegic refractions along with the measurements of anterior chamber depth, lens thickness and axial length were performed preoperatively and at postoperative 2, 4, 8, 12, 16 weeks, respectively. The cycloplegic refractions were changed significantly to the hyperopic side and the axial lengths were significantly shorter in the treated eyes as compared with those in the control eyes, postoperatively (p<0.05). In the cryotherapy groups, the amounts of changes for cycloplegic refractions and axial lengths slowly decreased 2 or 4 weeks after treatment, but in the retinal photocoagulation group. those were constant for the whole postoperative period. Comparing the changes between three experimental groups. there was a significant difference between two retinal cryotherapy groups (p<0.05) but not between two retinal cryotherapy groups and retinal photocoagulation group (p>0.05). These results may be a clue which supports partially the opinion that retinal cryotherapy has no unfavorable effect on the myopia associated with ROP.
Anterior Chamber ; Cryotherapy* ; Light Coagulation ; Myopia ; Postoperative Period ; Rabbits ; Retinaldehyde* ; Retinopathy of Prematurity

To study the clinical features of strabismus in premature baby, we reviewed the hopital records of out-patients who visited Seoul National University Children's Hospital from March 1995 to December 1995 with strabismus and prematurity. We analysed the type and onset of strabismus, history of acute retinopathy of prematurity, surgical treatment for retinopathy of prematurity, retinal sequelae of retinopathy of prematurity and abnormality of central nervous system. Sixty-five patients were included in this study. Thirty-eight were male and 27 were female. Age of first visit was 18.0+/-33.7 months(mean+SD). Gestational period was 32.3+/-2.9 weeks. Birth weight was 1742.0+/-486.5g. Follow-up period was 53.1+/-37.3 months. Onset of strabismus was 15.6+/-20.5 months ater birth. Forty-two(64.6%) were esodeviation and 20(30.8%) were exodeviation. One was superior oblique palsy. And two were inferior oblique overaction. There was no statistically significant relationship between the type of strabismus and the history of ROP, surgical treatment for ROP, retinal sequelae of ROP, abnormality of central nervous system respectively(Chi-square test, P>0.05). This study analyses the clinical features of strabismus in premature baby and can afford some information for strabismus in premature baby.
Birth Weight ; Central Nervous System ; Esotropia ; Exotropia ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Outpatients ; Paralysis ; Parturition ; Retinaldehyde ; Retinopathy of Prematurity ; Seoul ; Strabismus*