Clinical observation was made on 30 patients of obstructive uropathy who were performed antegrade pyelography in Department of Urology, Catholic Medical College, during the period from 1971 to 1976. It revealed antegrade pyelography is the most useful diagnostic procedure and accurate to demonstrate the morphology, site and cause of the obstructive lesion, and it leads to adequate procedure of operation. The results were as follows: 1. Non-visualized kidney (10 cases) and hydronephrotic kidney (23 cases) on intravenous pyelography were definitely diagnosed by antegrade pyelography. Non-visualized kidney (10 cases) on intravenous pyelography was distinctly diagnosed as hydronephrosis (7 cases) and hydronephrosis combined with caliceal destruction (3 cases) , and hydronephrotic kidney (23 cases) on intravenous pyelography was diagnosed as hydronephrosis (16 cases) and hydronephrosis associated with caliceal destruction (7 cases) 2. The main cause of obstructive uropathy revealed renal tuberculosis (15 cases), congenital ureteropelvic junction stricture (3 cases) and ureteral stone (3 cases) etc. 3. 32 cases of all 33 cases were noted ureteral obstruction. In these 32 cases, the sites of ureteral obstruction were lower 1/3 of the ureter (20 cases), upper 1/3 of the ureter (8 cases) and multiple ureteral obstruction (4 cases). 4. With definite diagnosis by antegrade pyelography, adequate operation could be performed; nephrectomy (11 cases), ureteral re-implantation (7 cases), nephrostomy (6 cases), cutaneous ureterostomy (5 cases) and pyeloplasty (2 cases).
Constriction, Pathologic ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Kidney ; Nephrectomy ; Tuberculosis, Renal ; Ureter ; Ureteral Obstruction ; Ureterostomy ; Urography* ; Urology

The author experienced 30 cases(22 patiente) of surgical ureteral injuries during the 9 years period from August 1968 to July 1977 at the Department of Urology, St. Mary's Hospital. Catholic Medical College. The results were as follows : 1. The main etiology of surgical ureteral injury were gynecologic pelvic surgery(10 patients). ureteral tailoring and re-implantation(3 patients), ureterolithotomy(2 patients) and Ureteroileocystoplasty(2 patients). 2. The main symptoms of ureteral injuries revealed urine leakage(13 patients), flank pain(6 patients), fever(3 patients), nausea & vomiting(3 patients) and abdominal pain(3 patients). 3. Ureteral injury was diagnosed by intravenous pyelography, retrograde ureteral catheterization and indigocarmine test. 4. Reconstruction of the ureteral injury were performed by the method of ureteroneocystostomy (7 cases), Boari operation(4 cases), ureteroureterostomy(2 cases), ureterolysis and ureteral catheter drainage(2 cases) and simple suture(3 cases). The results, were best in ureteroneocystostomy and Boari operation. 5. Ureteral stent catheter were placed in 12 patients and the average duration of catheterization was 11 days.
Catheterization ; Catheters ; Humans ; Nausea ; Stents ; Ureter* ; Urinary Catheterization ; Urinary Catheters ; Urography ; Urology

Our experience with 2 cases of Turner-Warwick operation for long stricture of the posterior urethra are now presented and the literature is reviewed briefly.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Urethra ; Urethral Stricture

No abstract available.
Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Nodule*

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is the most common cause of vascular dementia and a major contributor to mixed dementia. CSVD is characterized by progressive cerebral white matter changes (WMC) due to chronic low perfusion and loss of autoregulation. In addition to its antiplatelet effect, cilostazol exerts a vasodilating effect and improves endothelial function. This study aims to compare the effects of cilostazol and aspirin on changes in WMC volume in CSVD.METHODS: The comparison study of Cilostazol and aspirin on cHAnges in volume of cerebral smaLL vEssel disease white matter chaNGEs (CHALLENGE) is a double blind, randomized trial involving 19 hospitals across South Korea. Patients with moderate or severe WMC and ≥ 1 lacunar infarction detected on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are eligible; the projected sample size is 254. Participants are randomly assigned to a cilostazol or aspirin group at a 1:1 ratio. Cilostazol slow release 200 mg or aspirin 100 mg are taken once daily for 2 years. The primary outcome measure is the change in WMC volume on MRI from baseline to 104 weeks. Secondary imaging outcomes include changes in the number of lacunes and cerebral microbleeds, fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity on diffusion tensor imaging, and brain atrophy. Secondary clinical outcomes include all ischemic strokes, all vascular events, and changes in cognition, motor function, mood, urinary symptoms, and disability.CONCLUSIONS: CHALLENGE will provide evidence to support the selection of long-term antiplatelet therapy in CSVD.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01932203
Anisotropy ; Aspirin ; Atrophy ; Brain ; Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases ; Cognition ; Dementia ; Dementia, Vascular ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Korea ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Perfusion ; Sample Size ; Stroke ; Stroke, Lacunar ; White Matter