0.05), but pretreatment with yohimbine 10 ug significantly reduced the antinociceptive effect of tramadol ( 10ug) at 35 min and 40 min and the nociception score increased by 56% and 41 % respectively ( P 0.05). Scatchard analysis of the saturation isotherms showed that H-yohimbine was bound to a single binding site with a Kd value of 1.79 nM. The competition curve of tramadol was sigmoidal with a Ki value of 34.14 uM and an IC50 value of 68.25 uM. Tramadol was 19 000-fold less potent for binding to a2-adrenoceptor of the spinal cord as compared to H-yahimbine. Conclusion Intrathecal tramadol produces time-dependent antinociception. Tramadol has very low affinity with a2-adrenoceptor of the spinal cord. A part of its intrathecal antinociceptive effect was related to indirect a2-adrenoceptor effect of the spinal cord.

Objective To evaluate the safety and the feasibility of hypophysin injection for hemostasis during laparoscopic stripping of ovarian endometrioma.Methods Retrospective analysis of 86 cases with ovarian endometrionm.Forty-two patients with prophylactic dilute hypophysin injection into cornua uterus and mesosalpinx(study group),and 44 patients without vasopressin(control group).The operative time,intraoperative blood loss,the highest postoperative temperature,postoperative stay and the rate of recurrence were compared.Results The operative time in the study group and the control group were(51.24±22.58)min and(67.02±25.14)min,the intraoperative blood loss were(42.16±26.10)ml and (68.23±28.21)ml,respectively.There was significantly different between two groups(P＜0.01).The rates of recurrence in the study group and the control group were 4.76% and 11.36%,respectively.But it was no significantly different between two groups(P＞0.05).Both the highest postoperative temperature and postoperative stay was no difference between two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusions Hypophysin can reduce the operative time and intraoperative blood loss during laparoscopic stripping of ovarian endometrioma,and it is possible to reduce the rate of recurrence.It is a safe,feasible,cheapand convenient method,and worth using in clinic.

Objective To investigate the optimum dose of dexmedetomidine when combined with propofol for induction of anesthesia.Methods One hundred and twenty ASA physical status Ⅰ or 1Ⅱ patients of beth sexes,aged 18-60 yr,with body mass index of 18.5-30.0 kg/m2,scheduled for elective ophthalmologic operation under general anesthesia,were randomly divided into 6 groups (n =20 each) using a random number table:normal saline group (NS group) and different doses of dexmedetomidine groups (D1-D5 groups).Different loading doses of dexmedetomidine 0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8 and 1.0 μg/kg (in normal saline 50 ml) were infused intravenously in D1-D5 groups,respectively.The equal volume of normal saline was infused over 15 min in group NS.After 10 min observation,target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol was started.The initial target plasma concentration was set at 3.2 μg/ml.Loss of consciousness was considered to be positive response.The median effective concentration (EC50) and 95％ confidence interval of propofol TCI required for loss of consciousness were calculated.After administration of dexmedetomidine,the development of adverse effects was recorded before propofol TCI.Results Compared with NS group,the EC50 of propofol TCI required for loss of consciousness was significantly decreased in D2-D5 groups,and no significant change was found in the EC50 of propofol TCI required for loss of consciousness in D1 group.The EC50 of propofol TCI was decreased gradually with the increasing doses of dexmedetomidine between D1 and D2 groups,between D2 and D3 groups,and between D4 and D5 groups,while there was no significant difference in the EC50 of propofol TCI required for loss of consciousness between D3 and D4 groups.The incidence of hypotension was 5％ (D3 group),11％ (D4 group) and 31％ (D5 group),and the incidence of bradycardia was 0 (D3 group),11％ (D4 group),and 19 ％ (D5 group).No hypotension and bradycardia developed in D1 and D2 groups.The incidence of hypotension and bradycardia was significant increased in D4 and D5 groups as compared with NS,D1,D2 and D3 groups.Conclusion The optimum dose of dexmedetomidine is 0.4μg/kg when combined with propofol for induction of anesthesia.

Objective:To investigate the effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine combined with tramadol on intravenous analgesia and sleep quality after cesarean section.Methods:One hundred and twenty pregnant women who underwent cesarean section in Zhongshan Boai Hospital from March 2019 to July 2020 were selected. They were randomly divided into four groups, with 30 patients in each group. The patients in group Awere given patient controlled anesthesia with tramadol 800 mg+ tropisetron 5mg after cesarean section, and the patients in group B1, B2 and B3 were given 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 μg/kg dexmedetomidine on the basis of group A. The scores of exercise and rest of visual analogue scale (VAS) at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after the surgery were observed. The scores of Athens insomnia scale (AIS) before and after surgery were compared. The Ramsay sedation scores and basic vital signs were recorded, compared and analyzed at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after the surgery. The incidence of adverse reactions within 48 h after the surgery was counted in the four groups.Results:The scores of exercise and rest of VAS at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after the surgery in four groups had significant differences ( P<0.05). The scores of group A were the highest, and next were the group B1, B2 and B3. The scores of AIS at 1 and 2 d after surgery in four groups had significant differences ( P<0.05).The scores of group A were the highest, and next were the group B1, B2 and B3.The level of oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO 2) after surgery in four groups had no significant difference ( P>0.05). The levels of systolicblood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR) after surgery in four groups had significant differences ( P<0.05). The levels of SBP, DBP, HR in group A were the highest, and next were the group B1, B2 and B3. Thelevels of SBP, DBP, HR in group A, B1 and B2 were in normal range, but the levels of SBP, DBP and HR in group B3 were in lower limits of normal, the level of HR in some patients was below normal. The Ramsay sedation scores at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after surgery in the four groups had significant differences ( P<0.05). Ramsay sedation scores in group A were the lowest, and next were the group B1, B2 and B3. The total incidence of adverse reactions in group B3 was the highest with 33.33%(10/30), and in group B1 was the lowest with 6.67%(2/30). Conclusions:Medium dose of dexmedetomidine (1.5 μg/kg) combined with tramadol has a good effect on postoperative intravenous sedation and analgesia in patients after cesarean section, which can improve the sleep quality of patients. Besides, the drug safety can be guaranteed.

Catharanthine content and agronomic traits in major Catharanthus roseus varieties were analyzed. It was found that there existed great difference in catharanthine content and agronomic traits among the varieties. Catharanthine content was the highest in variety Pacifica Polka Dot (PPD), reaching 3.79 mg g(-1) dry leaf weight, and the lowest in variety Cooler Pink (CP) with only 0.9 mg g(-1) dry leaf weight. Correlation existed in certain extent between catharanthine content and agronomic traits in C. roseus. Path analysis showed that among all the agronomic traits analyzed, internodal distance positively affected catharanthine content at significant level (P<0.05), with the path coefficient being 1.473. This study provides useful information for high-catharanthine content C. roseus introduction and breeding.
Catharanthus ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Plant Leaves ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Vinca Alkaloids ; analysis ; metabolism

【Objective】 To analyze the effect of intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG)-produced IgG antibody on the crossmatch incompatibility of neonates. 【Methods】 Blood type grouping, antibody screening, crossmatch, direct anti-globulin test, elution test, indirect antiglobulin test, and IVIG titer determination were conducted by microcolumn gel method. 【Results】 IgG anti-A were detected out in the elution test and free antibody test of 6 infants, and the titer of IgG anti-A contained in IVIG was 256, which led to the crossmatch incompatibility between infants and donors with the same type. 【Conclusion】 The hemolysis and crossmatch incompatibility in newborns, born to ABO-compatible mothers, may occur due to the IVIG-induced IgG antibodies. The O-type washed red blood cells should be selected for transfusion.

【Objective】 To study the yielding rate and distribution of unexpected antibodies in blood transfusion children with thalassemia in Yunnan province, and to explore the blood transfusion strategies. 【Methods】 From January 2016 to December 2021, 298 children with thalassemia, who received blood transfusion treatment in Kunming, Xishuangbanna, Wenshan, Dehong, Yuxi and Baoshan hospitals across Yunnan Province, were selected. The unexpected antibodies of blood plasma were screened by microcolumn gel card. The samples with positive antibodies were identified for alloantibody specificity. 【Results】 Unexpected antibodies were yielded in 67 out of 298(22.48%) transfused children with thalassemia. The positive rates of unexpected antibodies in boys and girls were 16.55%(24/145) and 28.10%(43/153), respectively. The positive rates of unexpected antibodies in Han, Dai, Zhuang, Yi, Bulang, Jinuo and Miao people were 14.06%(18/128), 30.80%(32/104), 35.71%(10/28), 36.36%(8/22), 50.00%(4/8), 60.00%(3/5)and 66.67%(2/3), respectively, with statistically significant differences between each other. The positive rate of unexpected antibodies in ethnic minorities was higher than that in Han. The positive rates of unexpected antibodies in children who received the first transfusion at birth-one year old, 1~3 years old, 3~6 years old and above 6 years old were 12.50%(3/24), 10.14%(7/69), 24.54%(40/163)and 40.48%(17/42), respectively. The positive rates of unexpected antibodies in children with first transfusion after 3 years old were significantly higher than those before 3 years old. The positive rates of unexpected antibodies in children with one transfusion, 1~3, 3~10, 10~20 and more than 20 transfusions were 4.76%(1/21), 12.07%(7/58), 23.71%(23/97), 28.16%(29/103)and 36.84%(7/19), respectively, with statistically significant differences between each other. The number of blood transfusions was positively correlated with the unexpected antibody yielding. The yielding rate of unexpected antibodies in children with α thalassemia, βthalassemia, δ+ βthalassemia and untyped thalassemia was 7.50%(3/40), 17.62%(34/193), 53.70%(29/54)and 9.09%(1/11), respectively(P<0.05). The yielding rate of unexpected antibodies in transfused children with δ+ βthalassemia was the highest. And 57 unexpected antibodies of Rh blood group system were yielded, 6 anti-M antibodies, 2 anti-N antibodies and 2 undetermined. 【Conclusion】 The positive rate of unexpected antibodies in transfused children with thalassemia in Yunnan province is high. Routine antibody screening should be carried out for transfusion children with thalassemia, and blood units, compatible with ABO, Rh and MNS typing results, should be selected to ensure the safety and effectiveness of clinical blood use.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of action of integrin α4 (ITGA4) in liver fibrosis based on the anti-liver fibrosis effect of sticky sugar amino acid (SSAA) in rats. Methods A rat model of liver fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of CCl 4 , and then colchicine and low-, middle-, and high-dose SSAA were used for intervention, with blank control group and SSAA group as control. After 12 weeks of experimental intervention, serum and liver samples were collected to measure the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and HE staining and Sirius Red staining were used to observe the pathological conditions of liver tissue; quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the transcriptional level of ITGA4, integrin β1 (ITGB1), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1), alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and TIMP2 in liver tissue; Western blot was used to measure the relative protein expression levels of ITGA4, ITGB1, TGFβ1, α-SMA, MMP2, TIMP1, and TIMP2; immunohistochemistry was used to observe the protein expression of TGFβ1 and α-SMA. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of continuous data between multiple groups, and the least significant difference t -test was used for comparison between two groups. Results There were significant increases in AST and ALT in the CCl 4 model group, and intervention with colchicine or low-, middle-, and high-dose SSAA reduced the levels of AST and ALT, with a significant difference between the CCl 4 model group and the other groups (all P < 0.05). HE staining and Sirius Red staining showed disordered structure of hepatic lobules and an increase in collagen fibers in the CCl 4 model group, and the structure of hepatic lobules was improved after intervention with colchicine or low-, middle-, and high-dose SSAA. The CCl 4 model group had significantly higher transcriptional levels of ITGA4, TGFβ1, α-SMA, and TIMP2 than the other groups, and there were significant reductions in the transcriptional levels of each factor after intervention with colchicine or SSAA, with a significant difference between the CCl 4 model group and the other groups (all P < 0.05). The CCl 4 model group had significantly higher protein expression levels of ITGA4, TGFβ1, α-SMA, TIMP2, and TIMP1 and a significantly lower protein expression level of MMP2 than the other groups, and intervention with colchicine or SSAA inhibited the expression of ITGA4, TGFβ1, α-SMA, TIMP2, and TIMP1 and promoted the expression of MMP2. Immunohistochemistry showed that the CCl 4 model group had significantly higher expression levels of TGFβ1 and α-SMA than the other groups, which was inhibited by intervention with colchicine or SSAA. The high-dose SSAA group had the most significant effect in reducing aminotransferases, improving lobular structure, and inhibiting the protein expression of liver fibrosis factors. Conclusion The high expression of ITGA4 in the liver is associated with the development of liver fibrosis, which is consistent with the increases in the expression of TGFβ1 and α-SMA. Inhibiting the expression of ITGA4 can provide more therapeutic targets for liver fibrosis and expand the anti-liver fibrosis mechanism of SSAA.

【Objective】 To investigate the changes in cellular immunity (peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets) and humoral immunity (serum immunoglobulin and ferritin) status among children with thalassemia who received repeated transfusions in Yunnan. 【Methods】 Forty-six children with thalassemia who underwent repeated blood transfusions from January 2020 to October 2022 were selected as the observation group. Forty children with thalassemia who did not receive blood transfusion were included in control group 1, and 46 healthy children underwent physical examination were included in control group 2. The differences in lymphocyte subsets, serum immunoglobulin levels and ferritin concentrations were compared among the three groups. 【Results】 For lymphocyte subsets: CD3⁺, CD4⁺ and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ in the observation group was lower than the control group 1 and 2: 57.60±8.36 vs 64.57±7.56 vs 66.58±5.65, 33.16±5.67 vs 38.62±8.36 vs 38.62±6.41 and 1.49±0.09 vs 2.32±0.15 vs 2.13±0.16, respectively; CD16⁺ CD56⁺ in the observation group was lower than the control group 2: 11.21±5.06 vs 16.70±7.92; CD8⁺ in the observation group was higher than control group 1 and control group 2: 26.63± 1.75 vs 20.60±1.43 vs 18.92±0.84; CD19⁺ in the observation group was higher than the control group 2: 24.06±6.42 vs 19.67 ±8.42, P<0.05, but no significant difference was noticed between the two control groups(P>0.05). For serum immunoglobulin and ferritin: IgG and ferritin in the observation group were higher than control group 1 and control group 2: 10.59±3.88 vs 7.02±3.88 vs 5.58±1.98 and 2 037.37±1 377.59 vs 72.63±56.71 vs 59.48±33.88. IgA in the observation group was higher than the control group 2: 1.06±0.92 vs 0.39±0.32(P<0.05), but no significant difference was noticed between the two control groups (P>0.05). The difference of IgM and IgE between the three groups was not significant (P > 0. 05). 【Conclusion】 The proportion of lymphocyte subsets in thalassemia children with repeated blood transfusion was imbalanced,and the level of immunoglobulin in humoral immunity was abnormal.

【Objective】 To share the experience of autologous platelet-rich plasma(PRP) combined therapy in successful treatment of refractory osteomyelitis with fractures in children. 【Methods】 One case of refractory osteomyelitis with fracture in children failed to respond to traditional treatment for more than 14 months. A total of 20 mL of whole blood was collected from the child, and 6 mL of PRP with 4 to 5 times concentration was prepared by secondary centrifugation. To prepare 2 cm×2 cm platelet concentrate gel (PG), 3 mL of PRP was mixed with a 0.3 mL activator which was then covered with an absorbable dressing. A three-way tube sprayed the remaining 3 mL of PRP and 0.3 mL activator into the surrounding tissues. 【Results】 The X-ray film of the patient followed up for 1 week showed that the fracture line was blurred, and the fracture end had obvious callus formation. The X-ray film reexamination at 4 months showed that the fracture end healed well, the fracture surface healed, and the osteomyelitis healed. 【Conclusion】 Autologous PRP has a good effect in the treatment of refractory osteomyelitis combined with fracture in children, which can provide a new method for clinical treatment.