Objective To study the effects of treadmill training on the recovery of neurological function and the expression of IGF-1/IGF-1Rin the brain poat focal cerebral ischemia.Metheods Forty-two male,adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham group(n=6),a model group(n=18)and a treadmill exercises group(n=18).Focal cerebral ischemia was induced in the latter two groups by right middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)using a modified Longa's metheod.The rats in the treadmill exercises group were given treadmill training 6 days a week for 4weeks beginning 24 h after the MCAO. Rats in the sham group and model groups were reared in standard cages and could move frddly. Before being sacrificed at the 7th 14th and 28th day after the MCAO,the rats' neurological function were tested giving modified neurological weverity scores (mNSS). The expression of IGF-1/IGF-1R was detected using the reverse transcriptsae polymersae chain reaction and immunohistochemical methods.Results Neurological runction in the exercises group at the 14th and 28th day was better than in the control group,and IGF-1 and IGF-1Rexpression were significcantly upregulated on the 7th,14th and 28th day after the MCAO.Conclusion Treadmill training can improve neurological function by upregulating the expression of IGF-1 and IGF-1R in the ischemic brain, at least in rats.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of chemotherapy on survival of patients with inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods:MEDLINE and EMBASE searches were supplemented by information from trial registers. RCT (randomized clinical trial) for chemotherapy of old generation and best supportive care in inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma was selected. Best supportive care may include some non-cytotoxic drug,such as tamoxifen,octreotide and so on. A quantitative meta-analysis using updated information basing on inclusion and exclusion criterion from all available RCT was carried out by two reviewers. The meta-analysis was based on 6 months survival rate and 1 year survival rate. Result:There was no significant improvement for chemotherapy of old generation in 6 months survival rate and 1 year survival rate as compared with best supportive care. Conclusions:There is no convincing evidence that inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma patients will benefit from chemotherapy. A large number of randomized controlled clinical studies should be performed to confirm the efficacy of chemotherapy.

Objective: To observe the anti-inflammatory effect, as well as the effect on the expression of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3B (LC3B) and Beclin-1 of herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion in rats with experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT). Methods: Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group and a modeling group. The EAT rat model was prepared by a combination of antigen immunization plus iodine agent induction. After the model was prepared, rats in the modeling group were randomly and equally divided into a model group and a herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion group. In the herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion group, moxibustion was alternately applied to two groups of points [Dazhui (GV14)-Mingmen (GV4) and Tiantu (CV22)-Guanyuan (CV4)], and the treatment continued for 30 d. Rats in the normal and model groups were only fixed identically without intervention. Histopathological manifestations of thyroid glands were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining; the concentrations of thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb), thyroglobulin antibodies (TGAb), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of autophagy-related factors LC3B and Beclin-1 in thyroid tissue. Results: There were massive follicular destruction, lymphocytic infiltration, and interstitial fibrous tissue hyperplasia of the thyroid glands in the model group. Some follicles of the thyroid glands were destroyed with few lymphocyte infiltrations and fibrous tissue hyperplasia in the moxibustion group. Compared with the normal group, the concentrations of serum TPOAb, TGAb, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were increased in the model rats (P<0.05); the mRNA and protein expression levels of LC3B and Beclin-1 in thyroid tissue were reduced in the model group (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the concentrations of serum TPOAb, TGAb, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were reduced in the herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion group (P<0.05); the mRNA and protein expression levels of LC3B and Beclin-1 in thyroid tissue were increased in the herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion group (P<0.05). The mRNA and protein expression of LC3B and Beclin-1 in thyroid tissue was negatively correlated with the serum levels of TPOAb and TGAb.Conclusion: Herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion reduces the inflammatory response in the thyroid glands of EAT rats and lowers the levels of serum TPOAb and TGAb. This may be related to the regulation of mRNA and protein expression of the autophagy-associated factors LC3B and Beclin-1 in rat thyroid tissue.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expressions of secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4) in stage Ⅱ DNA mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) and mismatch repair- proficient (pMMR) colorectal cancers and explore their clinical significance. METHODS: We collected fresh stage Ⅱ colon cancer tissues with different MMR status detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The differentially expressed mRNAs between dMMR and pMMR tumors were identified by Affymetrix Human oeLncRNA gene chip, and the expression of SFRP4 in these cancer tissues and in colorectal cancer cell lines were detected using Western blotting and real- time quantitative PCR. The apoptosis rates of HCT116 cells with and without siRNA- mediated transient SFRP4 knockdown were determined using flow cytometry. We further investigated the expression pattern of Ki-67 and its correlation with SFRP4 expression. RESULTS: Compared with pMMR colon cancer tissues or cells, both dMMR colon cancer tissues (=0.014) and cells (=0.0079) showed significantly increased expression of SFRP4, which was in negative correlation with Ki-67 (=0.041). In HCT116 cells, transient SFRP4 knockdown resulted in decreased cell apoptosis, including both early apoptosis (=0.003) and late apoptosis (=0.024). CONCLUSIONS Up-regulation of SFRP4 in dMMR stage Ⅱ colon cancer promotes apoptosis and inhibits proliferation of the cancer cells, and may improve the prognosis of dMMR colon cancer.
Apoptosis ; Cell Proliferation ; Colon ; metabolism ; pathology ; Colonic Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; DNA Mismatch Repair ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; HCT116 Cells ; Humans ; Ki-67 Antigen ; metabolism ; Prognosis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Up-Regulation

The new external preparations of tr aditional Chinese medicine （TCM）mainly include transdermal drug delivery preparation and transmucosal drug delivery system. With the development of modern science and technology ，new external preparations of TCM are widely used in internal medicine ，gynecology，pediatrics and other diseases. In order to provide reference for dosage form development of TCM and safe use of drug in clinic ，this paper reviews the research progress of new external preparation technology for TCM （skin penetration method ，carrier encapsulation technology ，etc.），new external dosage forms of TCM（microneedles，gels，patches，film sprays ，suppositories，film agents ，in situ gels ，etc.）. In the future ，the research of new external preparations of TCM should conduct under the guidance of TCM theory ，and pay attention to the new drug delivery system of previous drugs and the development of TCM components of “drug-adjuvant integration ”，strengthen the research on new external preparations of TCM compounds ，and establish an evaluation system in line with the overall characteristics of TCM so as to promote the sustainable development of new external preparations of TCM.