The teaching reform on functional experiment is an attractive problem of the medical teaching development at present. Our school has opened the course of functional experiment according to integrating and recombining with physiology, pathologic physiology and pharmacology, which brought into playing a positive role in enhancing the medical students' capability of practice, the comprehensive application of knowledge and the consciousness of innovation. However, some problems still exist and further practice is needed for more improvement.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the effects of transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells ( BMSCs) modified by bcl-2 gene on myocardial cell apoptosis, angiogenesis and cardiac function in the rabbit after acute myocardial in-farction ( MI) .METHODS:The rabbit BMSCs were isolated, cultured and purified in vitro.The BMSCs were transfected with adenovirus or adenovirus-Bcl-2.The rabbit model of MI was established by ligation of left anterior descending branch. The rabbits were injected with Ad-Bcl-2-BMSCs ( MI+Bcl-2-BMSCs group) , Ad-BMSCs ( MI+BMSCs group) and DMEM ( MI group) in infarction marginal zone 2 weeks after ligation.The cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography.The apoptosis of myocardial cells was measured by TUNEL.The mRNA expression of VEGF was detected by real-time PCR.The expression of CD31 was examined by immunohistochemical staining, and new blood capillaries were counted at 4 weeks after BMSCs transplantation.The correlation of the above values with cardiac function was analyzed.RESULTS: The cardiac function was better, the apoptotic rate was lower, the mRNA expression of VEGF and the capillary density were higher in both MI+Bcl-2-BMSCs group and the MI+BMSCs group than those in MI group, and those in MI+Bcl-2-BMSCs group in-creased more obviously .The left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF) had a negative correlation with the myocardial cell ap-optosis rate.A positive correlation with the mRNA expression level of VEGF and the capillary density was also observed. CONCLUSION:The transplantation of BMSCs modified by bcl-2 gene significantly reduces the myocardial cell apoptosis, promotes angiogenesis, improves heart function of the rabbits with MI.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the different dose of perindopril on cardiac function in the rabbits with ische-mic cardiac dysfunction .METHODS:Male rabbits weighing 2.5~3.0 kg ( n=30) were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=10):high dose perindopril group (HD group), low dose perindopril group (LD group) and cardiac dysfunction group (CD group).The Left anterior descending coronary artery of the rabbits was ligatured for model preparation .In HD group, the rabbits were treated with perindopril split normal saline solution (1 g/L)2 mL· kg-1 · d-1 .In LD group, the rabbits were treated with perindopril split normal saline solution (0.33 g/L)2 mL· kg -1 · d-1.In CD group, the rabbits were treated with normal saline solution 2 mL· kg-1 · d-1 .Four weeks after treatment , the cardiac function was measured via echocardiography , the mRNA expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 ( ACE2 ) and angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2R) was analyzed by real-time PCR, serum angiotensin (Ang)-(1-9) and Ang-(1-7) levels were detected by ELISA. RESULTS:Compared with CD group , the cardiac function of the 2 groups treated with perindopril was significantly im-proved (P<0.01), and more improvement in HD group was observed than LD group (P<0.05).The serum angiotensin ( Ang)-(1-9) and Ang-(1-7) level and the mRNA expression of ACE 2 and AT2R in the 2 groups treated with perindopril were significantly improved (P<0.01).Compared with LD group, the mRNA expression of ACE2 and AT2R and the ser-um levels of Ang-(1-9) in HD group were significant improved (P<0.05), while no difference of serum Ang-(1-7) level was observed.Correlation analysis revealed that the improvement of the cardiac function was associated with serum Ang -(1-9) level, mRNA expression of ACE2 and AT2R (P<0.01), but has no significant correlation with serum Ang-(1-7) lev-el.CONCLUSION:High dose of perindopril may improve more cardiac function in ischemic cardiac dysfunction model in rabbits.The mechanism may relate to increasing serum Ang-(1-7) level to activate AT2R.

Objective To investigate the association between interleukin-17 A (IL-17 A) gene promoter polymorphism and blood lipid and inflammatory factors in coronary heart disease.Methods A total of 241 patients with coronary heart disease who were admitted to hospital from April 2010 to December 2016 were enrolled in this study.68 cases of healthy subjects were collected.IL-17 gene promoter rs8193036 genotype,blood lipid and inflammatory factors were detected and compared.Results Compared with the control group,the genotype CC,CT and TT of the rs8193036 genotype in the coronary heart disease group were significantly different (P＜0.05),and the frequency of C allele in the coronary heart disease group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P＜0.05).The levels of triglyceride,low-density lipoproteinCholesterol,high density lipoprotein cholesterol,interleukin-17a,interleukin-6,interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha in CC genotype of tumor necrosis factor alpha group were significantly higher than those in tumor necrosis factor alpha group (P＜0.05),high density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased significantly (P＜0.05).Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol had no significant differences (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The rs8193036 polymorphism of IL-17A gene promoter is associated with the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease.The C allele is an important genetic marker of coronary heart disease.The polymorphism of IL-17A promoter rs8193036 might affect coronary heart disease by increasing blood lipids and inflammation factors.

Objective:To assess the feasibility and effects of the mobile device-based video teaching in plastic surgery education.Methods:In the study, 22 participants were assigned into two groups according to their standardized training area. The intervention group ( n=11) which was outside Beijing had an unlimited access to video-based education; the control group ( n=11) which was in Beijing received traditional teaching. After the end of the first semester of teaching, the two groups of students were tested on theory and clinical operational theory, and the evaluation results were compared. SPSS 18.0 software was applied for t test and chi-square test. Results:After the first semester, the effect of teaching method was evaluated by the scores of written examination and clinical examination. The average scores of the written test in the intervention group were (38.82±3.22) points, while that in the control group were (38.36±2.98) points, without significant differences between the two groups ( P=0.74); the average scores of the clinical examination theory test in the intervention group and the control group were (46.36±3.44) points and (41.00±5.24) points, respectively, with significant differences between the two groups ( P=0.01). In term of total scores, the average scores of the intervention group were (85.18±4.83) points, and those of the control group were (79.36±5.52) points, with statistical differences between the two groups ( P=0.016). Conclusion:Mobile device-based video teaching in plastic surgery education can not only improve students' performance but also facilitate their clinic skills, which is worth popularizing.

Objective: To study the response characteristics of the posterior intralaminar nucleus (PIN) of auditory thalamus in VGluT2-Cre transgenic adult mice when exposed to white noise and 10K pure tone stimulation. Methods: All adult male Vglut2-Cre mice (8-12 weeks) were used in this study between Oct, 2017 and Oct, 2018. Using the calcium signal fiber photometry method, optic fiber was employed to locate on PIN by injecting AAV-hSyn-DIO-GCaMP6m virus, and thereafter, the activity of the target cluster neurons during different acoustic stimuli was recorded. Matlab was used for data processing and statistical analysis. Results: (1)In both white noise and 10 kHz pure tone as a continuous three-second stimulation, the peak amplitude of calcium signal activity generated in PIN by white noise was superior to that of pure tone, the statistic result showed significantly difference (n=6, t=2.404, P=0.037 1) . (2)In addition, when white noise and 10K pure tone played as consecutive 3 or 5 pips within three-second stimulation, the stimulus-following ability in a consecutive 3 pulses play within 3 seconds was far better than a consecutive 5 pips play within 3 seconds (in both white noise and 10 kHz pure tone), yet consecutive 3 pips play showed greater signal attenuation speed than that in consecutive 5 pips play, the statistic result showed significantly difference (n=6, t=2.748 P=0.033 4) .(3)Regardless of the intra-group comparisons between white noise and 10 kHz pure tone stimulation, PIN showed better signal response in a consecutive 3 pips play than consecutive 5 pips play or a continuous three-second stimulation. When came to the statistical analysis, the acoustic response degree of a continuous three-second stimulation was an intermediate between two others, both consecutive 3 or 5 pips play showed significantly difference. Conclusions The results suggest that under the same acoustic intensity, VGluT2-Cre transgenic adult mice′s PIN shows greater signal response in white noise than pure tone. PIN shows greater signal attenuation to repetition play of 10 kHz pure tone, which implies PIN shows stronger adaptation to 10 kHz pure tone than to white noise. Lastly, PIN is more responsive to a complex sound information (white noise) than to simple sound information (pure tone).

Asymptomatic spleen-stomach diseases refer to diseases without related symptoms and signs of abdo-minal pain， bloating， diarrhea an others in patients， but showing lesions or pathological changes discovered by modern medical techniques such as endoscopy， CT， MRI. The four examination techniques of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） are based on symptoms and signs of patients， which are the advantage of TCM but also have certain limitations. In the context of the increasingly modernized diagnosis and treatment in TCM， it is proposed to expand the application of the four examination techniques from three aspects including microcosmic syndrome differentiation， data sharing， and artificial intelligence in asymptomatic spleen-stomach diseases， in order to achieve the goals of dynamically observing the disease process， collecting disease data in multiple dimensions， and intelligently processing disease data. This will strengthen the modern requirements of early diagnosis and treatment in TCM， and highlight the advantages of TCM in “treating disease before it arises and treating the symptoms beforehand”.

ObjectiveTo analyze the typical performance of initiating and responding behaviors of turn-taking in operational games for autistic children with low language function in special education schools and to provide a reference for intervention of turn-taking behaviors in operational games. MethodsFrom November, 2021 to January, 2022, a total of 23 autistic children with low language function (language ability ≤ three years old) in Shanghai Putuo District Qixing School were selected. Their linguistic ability was evaluated. A behavioral assessment approach was used to evaluate the behavior of initiating and responding behaviors of turn-taking in three operational games. The typical errors in initiating behaviors were summarized as difficult to initiate, untimely initiation, no response and abnormal initiation. The typical errors in responding behaviors of turn-taking in operational games were summarized as difficult to respond, untimely response, no response and abnormal response. ResultsThere was no significant differences in the performance of initiating behaviors among three types of operational games (χ² = 11.106, P = 0.196), and there were significant differences in the performance of responding behaviors among operational games (χ² = 26.256, P = 0.001). The initiating behaviors were postively correlated with word comprehension (r = 0.420, P < 0.05), word naming (r = 0.510, P < 0.05), and sentence imitation (r = 0.505, P < 0.05). The responding behaviors were postively correlated with word comprehension (r = 0.546, P < 0.01), word naming (r = 0.728, P < 0.01), sentence comprehension (r = 0.668, P < 0.01) and sentence imitation (r = 0.656, P < 0.01). ConclusionAutistic children with low language function showed different typical behaviors of initiating and responding behaviors of turn-taking in operational games. It is suggested that when designing training programs for turn-taking skills, targeted interventions should be made to address the typical types of errors in response and initiation turns, and individualized intervention programs should be designed to enhance children's communicative efficacy in play game and promote their language development and social participation.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of lead exposure and high fat diet on the hippocampal inflammatory factors and learning-memory in rats. METHODS: A total of 40 specific pathogen free male SD rats were randomly divided into control group,high fat diet group,lead exposure group,combine exposure group,10 rats in each group. Rats in control group were given regular diet and rats in high-fat diet group were given high-fat diet. Rats in lead exposure group were given regular diet and water with 400 mg/L lead acetate. Rats in combine exposure group were given high fat diet and water with 400 mg/L lead acetate. Body weight was measured every other week. The exposure period was 9 weeks. Morris water maze was applied to measure the learning-memory. The content of total cholesterol,triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL) in serum were detected by using microplate reader. The lead content of hippocampus was detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay was used to detect the content of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-4,IL-6 and interferon-γ(IFN-γ). RESULTS: Beginning from the third week,the body weight of rats in high fat diet and combine exposure group were significantly higher than that in control group(P < 0. 05). In addition,the body weight of rats in combine exposure group were higher than that in lead exposure group(P < 0. 05). Escape latency and the frequency of crossing platform of rats in high fat diet group,lead exposure group and combine exposure group were significant changed compared with those in control group(P < 0. 05). The escape latency of rats in combine exposure group increased compared with those in high fat diet group and lead exposure group(P < 0. 05). In addition,serum TG and LDL content in high-fat diet group and combine exposure group increased and HDL decreased compared with the control exposure group and lead exposure group(P < 0. 05). Compared with the control group and high fat diet group,the content of lead in hippocampus of lead exposure group and combine exposure group substantially increased(P < 0. 05). The levels of TNF-γ,IL-6,IL-1β,IFN-γ of hippocampus in high fat diet group,lead exposure group and combine exposure group were significantly higher than those in control group(P < 0. 05). Besides,the levels of IL-4 of hippocampus in lead exposure group and combine exposure group were higher than that in control group(P < 0. 05). IL-1β content of rats hippocampus in combine exposure group was higher than that in high-fat diet group or lead exposure group(P < 0. 05). CONCLUSION: Combine lead and high-fat diet exposure can exert a synergy in decrease of learning-memory in rats. IL-1β might involved in the process of synergic neurotoxicity induced by lead and high fat diet.

The dorsal lingual epithelium, which is composed of taste buds and keratinocytes differentiated from K14⁺ basal cells, discriminates taste compounds and maintains the epithelial barrier. N6-methyladenosine (m⁶A) is the most abundant mRNA modification in eukaryotic cells. How METTL3-mediated m⁶A modification regulates K14⁺ basal cell fate during dorsal lingual epithelium formation and regeneration remains unclear. Here we show knockout of Mettl3 in K14⁺ cells reduced the taste buds and enhanced keratinocytes. Deletion of Mettl3 led to increased basal cell proliferation and decreased cell division in taste buds. Conditional Mettl3 knock-in mice showed little impact on taste buds or keratinization, but displayed increased proliferation of cells around taste buds in a protective manner during post-irradiation recovery. Mechanically, we revealed that the most frequent m⁶A modifications were enriched in Hippo and Wnt signaling, and specific peaks were observed near the stop codons of Lats1 and FZD7. Our study elucidates that METTL3 is essential for taste bud formation and could promote the quantity recovery of taste bud after radiation.
Animals ; Epithelium/metabolism* ; Homeostasis ; Methylation ; Methyltransferases/metabolism* ; Mice ; RNA ; Taste Buds/metabolism*