Objective:To observe the effect of overdose fluoride on the expression of bFGF in rat's dental pulps.Methods:NaF at 20 mg/(kg?d) was given to each of 10 Wister rats by stomach perfusion for 8 weeks, another 10 rats were given the same volume of distilled water as the controls.After treatment,HE staining was used to observe the morphology of the teeth, immunohistochemical staining was adopted for study the expression of bFGF in the dental pulps of the rats.Results:The enamel layer and dentin layer of the incisors in NaF treated rats were thinner than those in the controls,the interglobular dentin was increased and the expression of bFGF in dental pulp and inner dentin was inhibited in the NaF treated rats(P

Diabetic nephropathy is a complication of diabete and its incidence is increasing obviously these years. The pathogenic mechanisms of DN are complex, with multiple factors involved such as the glycometabolism disorders , hemodynamic changes, aldose reductase pathway activation, alterations in cytokines, oxidative stress, protein kinase C activation, lipid metabolism disorders and genetic susceptibility etc, which are not completely clear yet. Thus, the research progress of DN pathogenesis is to be reviewed.

Objective To study the effects of atorvastatin on the expressions of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma(PPAR?)and matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)in atherosclerosis(AS) tissue.Methods Atherosclerotic rabbit models on aortas were established with the high-cholesterol diet,and animals were divided into control,model and atorvastatin groups(n=8).The expressions of PPAR? and MMP-9 and the effects of atorvastatin on them were observed by means of immunohistochemistry.Results The expression of PPAR? in model group(14.38%?2.58%)was higher than that in control group(7.82%?0.96%)(P

Objective To study the value of breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS)in Chinese breast cancer screening. Methods A total number of 3483 women participated in breast cancer screening with mammography in Hexi district in Tianjin from August to December 2009, which was organized by ministry of public health. BI-RADS assessment categories and recommendations were compared with histological findings. The precision, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated. Results Among 3483 screening mammography cases, 267 were almost entirely fat breast, 1245 were scauered fibroglandular, 1890 were dense and 81 extremely dense.There were 1011 patients(29.0%) with category 1, 1741 (50.0%) with category 2, 383 (11.0%) with category 3, 59 patients(1. 7%) with category 4 and 16 (0. 5%) with category 5 according to BI-RADS assessment categories. Totally, 71 women with 77 lesions were confirmed by histological examinations. There were 29 malignant and 48 benign lesions. The diagnostic precision, sensitivity, specificity of BI-RADS were 63. 6% (49/77) , 93. 1% (27/29) and 45.8% (22/48) . The general PPV of BI-RADS was 50. 9%(27/53). The PPV of categories 0, 4, 5 were 25.0% (1/4), 36. 4% (12/33) and 87. 5% (14/16). The NPV of categories 2 and3 were90.9% (10/11), 100.0% (12/12). Conclusions B1-RADS is of much value in assessing the breast malignancy. It is applicable in Chinese breast cancer screening.

Objective:To investigate the use of antibacterial agents for emergency patients with acute upper respiratory infections in tertiary hospitals in Beijing .Methods:We used the medical claim data for urban workers in 10 tertiary hospitals in Beijing from Oct .2010 to Sep.2012.Medical records of emer-gency patients with acute upper respiratory tract infections had been selected as the study sample .The proportions of antibacterial prescriptions and categories of antibacterial drugs were described and ana -lyzed.Results:This study included 135 979 visitors (male:42.7%;mean age:43.6 ±16.2 years).The average antibacterial prescription rate was 71.2% (95%CI 71.0%-71.5%), of which the single kind use was 80.0%(95%CI 79.7%-80.2%).Among acute upper respiratory tract infections , the antibacte-rial prescription rate for acute tonsillitis visits was highest (85.1%, 95%CI 84.5%-85.6%), followed by acute laryngitis and bronchitis (81.69%, 95%CI 80.4%-82.8%), acute pharyngitis (81.4%, 95%CI 77.7% -85.0%), acute sinusitis (77.0%, 95%CI 74.6% -79.4%), acute nasopharyngitis (74.3%, 95%CI 73.7%-75.0%), and common cold (67.6%, 95%CI 67.3%-67.9%).Compared with the female group, the antibacterial prescription rate for the male was higher (73.2%, 95%CI 72.8%-73.6%vs.69.7%, 95%CI 69.4%-70.0%).Compared with the <60 years age cases, the anti-bacterial prescription rate for the ≥60 years cases was higher (72.1%, 95%CI 71.8%-72.3% vs. 66 .8%, 95%CI 66 .2%-67 .5%) .In the visitors who used antibacterial drugs , the average percentage of injection use was 50.6%(95%CI 50.3%-50.9%).The top antibacterial drugs in the list of varie-ties were the second generation cephalosporins (28.4%) , followed by the third generation cephalosporins (21.7%), fluoroquinolones (21.0%) and macrolides (17.6%).Conclusion: The antibacterial pre-scription rate for acute upper respiratory tract infections in the general hospitals in Beijing is high , and the second generation cephalosporins , third generation cephalosporins , fluoroquinolones and macrolides take the lead in the total antibacterial drugs .

OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of extracts from Siegesbeckiae herba (HS) on doxorubicin (DOX)-induced chronic myocardial injury in mice. METHODS:48 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups. Mice in blank control(Con)group received distilled water once every day,ig,and normal saline(2 mL/100 g)once every day,ip,for 8 weeks;mice in DOX mice received distilled water(2 mL/100 g)once every day,ig,and DOX(3 mg/kg)once every week,ip,for 8 weeks;mice in DOX+HS group received HS(340 mg/kg)once every day,ig,and DOX(3 mg/kg)once every week,ip,for 8 weeks. After administra-tion,body mass,heart coefficient,cardiac function changes,serum biochemical index levels [alanine aminotransferase(ALT),as-partate aminotransferase (AST), creatine phosphokinase (CK), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)and total cholesterol(TC)] of mice were determined. RESULTS:Compared with Con group,body mass of mice in DOX group was decreased(P<0.01);heart coefficient was increased(P<0.05);heart rate slowed down,R-wave was increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);serum biochemical indexed were increased,there was significant difference in AST(P<0.01). Compared with DOX group,heart coefficient of mice in DOX+HS group was decreased (P<0.01);heart rate was increased (P<0.01);serum biochemical indexes were decreased,there was significant differences in CK,LDH,TC(P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:HS has cer-tain protective effects on DOX-induced chronic myocardial injury in mice.

Aim To establish a LC-MS/MS method to measure the concentration of ginsenoside Rg1 in intrac-erebral dialysate and compare the probe recovery in vitro and in vivo. Methods The assay was conducted with a ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18(2. 1 mm × 50 mm, 1. 7 μm) . The mobile phase consisted of methanol and ultrapure water and it was detected by gradient elution. The flow rate was 0. 4 mL·min-1 . Specificity, linear range, precision and accuracy, stability were evaluated to investigate the reliability of the method. The recov-ery of ginsenoside Rg1 in probe in vitro and in vivo was compared. Results The retention time of ginsenoside Rg1 was 1. 91 min, the linear range was 0. 1 ~50 μg · L-1 , intra-day and inter-day precisions were less than 15%. The recovery of ginsenoside Rg1 was (4. 05 ± 0. 28)% in vitro and(26. 96 ± 4. 45)% in vi-vo. Conclusion The LC-MS/MS method is accurate, sensitive, and reproducible for quantitative determina-tion of ginsenoside Rg1 in microdialysate. The probe recovery of ginsenoside Rg1 in vivo is higher than in vitro, and both are stable in different concentrations.

Objective To study the relationship between metabolic syndromes and uric acid calculi.Methods We retrospectively analyzed medical records of 640 adult patients,who were diagnosed as renal calculi and finished the stone composition analysis.Among them,394 cases were male and 246 were female.The averagc age was (50.9 ± 12.8) years old.According to the diagnostic criteria of the MS,the patients were divided as metabolic syndrome group (metabolic syndrome group /MS group and non-metabolic syndrome group (non MS group);the MS group had a total of 238 cases including 151 males and 87 females.The average age was (54.1 ± 11.0) years old.There were 402 cases in non MS group,including 243 males and 159 females,with an average age of (49.1 ± 13.4) years old.We obtained corresponding metabolic indices.By comparing the differences between each group,the statistic were analyzed with SPSS.Results In the MS group,42 cases was diagnosed with uric acid stones,and the nonMS group with 8 cases diagnose with uric acid stones.The MS included obesity,elevated blood pressure,elevated fasting plasma glucose,high serum triglycerides.In the patients obtained,123 had the 4 kinds of metabolic diseases at a time,and 23 (18.7％) cases were diagnosed as uric acid stones.115 patients had the 3 kinds of metabolic diseases in which 19 (16.5％) cases were uric acid stones.190 patients had 2 kinds of metabolic diseases and 5(2.6％) cases were uric acid stones.137 patients had only one kinds of metabolic disease in which 3 were uric acid stones.The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that,after the correction of gender and age,obesity patients own the OR as 1.10(0.98-1.24)(P =0.018),high blood sugar had the OR as 1.72(1.19-1.92) (P =0.006),high glycerin three fat had the OR as 0.71(0.48-1.09) (P =0.032) and high HDL-C was 0.15(0.03-0.65) (P =0.01).Conclusions The metabolic syndromes including obesity,hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia obviously might influenced the formation of uric acid calculi.

Objective Subcutaneous transplantation Lewis lung carcinoma model is commonly used in experimental studies.Researchers often choose different transplantation sites to create the models while little attention was paid on the effect of different inoculation sites on the formation of transplanted tumors.The aim of this study was to compare the effect of tumor cell inoculation at different sites on tumor formation in mice.Methods Lewis lung adenocarcinoma (ll2-luc-m38) cells stably expressing luciferase protein were subcutaneously injected into C57 BL/6 mice at the right armpit, right groin, or footpad, respectively.An IVIS spectrum in vivo imaging system was used to observe the tumor and metastasis formation.The survival time and mortality were recorded.H-E stained pathology was performed to examine the histological changes of the lung tissues and tumor metastesis.Results The tumor formation time was earlier in the armpit and groin groups, both with a tumor formation rate of 100%, while the tumors occurred later, with a tumor formation rate of 33% in the footpad group.The pulmonary metastasis rate was 70% in the groin group, 50% in the ampit group, and 0% in the footpad group, at the 21st day after inoculation.The footpad group had a high mortality.The tumors in the groin group and armpit group can be surgically resected, with a postoperative survival rate of 100%.Conclusions In this mouse model of subcutaneously transplanted Lewis adenocarcinoma, the groin and ampit groups have advantages such as a high tumor formation rate, good tolerance of tumor resection, low surgical mortality rate, easy to monitor, simple operation and high reproducibility.The axillary group has an even higher metastasis rate.

Objective To investigate the effects of physical and chemical factors in the environment for dried blood sample (DBS) preparation of neonatal screening assay.Methods A total of 60 normal and 120 positive DBS were prepared under control and 10 different conditions.Another 30 normal and 80 positive DBS were prepared under control and 7 different concentration gradients of formaldehyde.The levels of phenylalanine (Phe),glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenease (G6PD),thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and 17α-hydoxyprogesterone (17α-OHP) were tested by time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay or fluorescence assay.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0 software.Results Compared with the control group,the results of Phe were not significantly different (P ＞ 0.05) when the samples were dried under the formaldehyde sensitive threshold (4.62 to 6.95 ppm for 18 hours).G6PD levels were significantly lowered when the samples were dried under all the conditions except for fast cold drying (2 to 8 ℃ overnight and formaldehyde condition,0.30 to 0.38 ppm for 4 hours or 0.21 to 0.24 ppm for 18 hours).TSH and 17α-OHP levels were lowered obviously when the samples were dried under the conditions of humidity,UV and formaldehyde condition (TSH:0.32 to 0.52 ppm for 4 hours,0.38 to 0.45 ppm for 18 hours,17α-OHP:4.37 to 4.62 ppm for 4 hours,0.38 to 0.45 ppm for 18 hours).The results of Phe,G6PD,TSH and 17α-OHP were not statistically different with the control group when the samples were dried under the fast cold drying and 2 to 8 ℃ overnight.Conclusion The physical and chemical factors in the environment of DBS preparation should be related to the accuracy of neonatal disease screening closely.The necessary control factors including formaldehyde,ethanol,glacial acetic acid,ultraviolet irradiation,heat,humidity and decoration pollution may exhibit significant effects on the preparation of DBS.Fast cold drying and overnight at 2 to 8 ℃ could be available for DBS preparation.