Objective:To investigate the expression of low-molecular-weight PSA(lw-PSA) and lactoferrin in the expressed prostatic secretion(EPS) from both benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) and normal prostate.Methods: Forty human EPS samples obtained from 20 BPH patients and 20 normal males were subjected to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis(2-DE).Mass spectrometry was performed to confirm the nature of the secreted proteins in EPS.Results: One uniquely expressed protein in BPH was detected and mass spectrometry determined its nature as lw-PSA(molecular weight 10?10~3,pI 8.5-(9.3)).More importantly,Western blotting analysis also revealed that lw-PSA detected in BPH-EPS,but was undetectable in BPH-free EPS.In addition,up-regulation of Lactoferrin(molecular weight 35?10~3,pI 7-7.5) in BPHEPS,as compared with BPH-free EPS,was also observed.More interestingly,lactoferrin was absent in prostate cancer tissues.Conclusion: Our results indicate lw-PSA may be produced specifically by BPH epithelium and it has a potential to be used as a specific biological marker for the diagnosis of BPH.In addition,benign prostatic epithelium can produce more lactoferrin while prostate cancer tissues go without its lactoferrin secretion.

Objective To detect both the protein and gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP 2,MMP 9) and its tissue inhibitor (TIMP 2) in tissues of bladder transitional cell carcinoma (BTCC), and to study the correlation with the grading and staging of the neoplasm and with the prognosis. Methods 41 human BTCC ,15 normal bladder tissue were studied by Western Blot and RT PCR analysis followed by computer assisted image analysis in order to detect the A values of their expression. Results In BTCC, the A value of MMP 2, MMP 9 were increased significantly as compared to normal bladder epithelium. There was no statistical significant difference of A value of TIMP 2 between normal bladder tissue and bladder cancer tissue. The ratio of MMP 2/TIMP 2 in bladder cancer showed statistical significantly difference as compared with normal bladder tissue. Conclusions This study demonstrated there was a high expression of MMP 2 and MMP 9 in BTCC,by which collagen Ⅳ inside basement membrane of bladder was damaged.However, the ratio of MMP 2/TIMP 2 has more prognostic value than the expression of MMP 2 and MMP 9 alone.

Objective To evaluate the quantitative determination of urine nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP-22) and bladder tumor antigen (BTA) in the screening of bladder tumor recurrence. Methods 90 patients who had undergone TURBT were recruited in this study.Standard ELISA test was used to determine the quantity of NMP-22 in urine and urine BTA stat test was also performed.the findings were analyed with reference to the cystoscopic and pathological results. Results In comparison with the results of cystoscopy,urine NMP-22 test might denote 77% (32/43) recurrence of bladder cancer and this positive rate would increase to 93% (40/43) with the combined use of urine NMP-22 and BTA test. Conclusions Examination of NMP-22 in urine is a rapid and effective means of detecting the recurrence of bladder cancer.With the combined use of BTA test,urine NMP-22 determination might be a useful non-invasive method in screening the recurrence of bladder cancer,and the conventional invasive cystoscopy might be avoided.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the understanding and application of the Chinese Urological Association (CUA) guidelines of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) (2011 edition) in Chinese urologists.Methods The survey was conducted between September,2012 and November,2012.Questionnaires designed by the CUA were used to investigate the understanding and management of BPH in CUA-registered urologists,who work in clinic for at least 20 hours per week.Data,including general characteristics of the urologists,understanding of BPH,BPH diagnosing in suspected patients,BPH treatment,and follow up,were collected.7500 questionnaires were distributed.A total of 4 897 participants responded (response rate 70.0％).86 questionnaires with incomplete information and 37 duplicate questionnaires were excluded.And 4 774 validate questionnaires were included for the analysis,finally.The mean age of those investigated urologists was (39.9±9.2) years old.Among them,3 802 (81.0％) urologists work in the tertiary hospital,878 (18.7％) urologists work in the secondary hospital and 12 (0.3％) urologists work in the other hospital.The district distribution in those urologists included 455 (9.6％) in northeast china,812 (17.1％) in north china,1 696 (35.6％) in east china,869 (18.2％) in south china,634 (13.3％) in southwest china,295 (6.2％) in northwest china.1 835 (43.8％) urologists have less than ten years working experience.1 505 (35.9％) urologists have 11 to 20 years working experience.The 21 to 20 years working experience was reported in 705 (16.8％) urologist.And the other 149 (3.5％) urologists have working experience more than 31 years.The educational background in this study included doctor degree in 732 (15.8％) urologists,master degree in 1 729 (37.4％) urologists,bachelor degree in 2 067 (44.7％)urologists and college degree in 101 (2.1％) urologists.The position composition included 834 (18.2) directors,1 371 (30.0％) deputy directors,1 605 (35.1％) attendings and 765 (16.7％) residents.The data were analyzed using rank-sum test,2 test,or Fisher's exact test.Results The understanding of BPH clinical progression and progression-associated risk factors in Chinese urologists was poor.Compared to the guidelines,the rate of consistent were only 43.4％ (2 023/4 665) and 10.2％ (477/4 660),respectively.The initial evaluation methods for suspected BPH patients were in low consistency with the guidelines (20.2％,845/4 181) and were inconsistent among different areas [66.5％ (290/436) in northeast china,64.7％ (556/859) in south china,55.6％ (158/284) in northwest china,55.1％ (922/1 672) in east china,54.7％ (435/795) in north china,48.0％ (296/617) in southwest china].The participants showed poor understanding of the primary goal of treatment for BPH (4.9％ consistent,229/4 666) and the criteria about watchful waiting (22.5％ consistent,1 051/4 674).However,the understanding of surgical indications for BPH was good (94.6％ consistent,4 410/4 663).The therapeutic effects of 5α-reductase inhibitor for BPH were acknowledged by 93.4％ (4 388/4 699) participants.The consistent rate with the guidelines of follow-up examinations was low for patients with watchful waiting (7.8％,355/4 531),medication treatment (8.4％,373/4432),and surgery (44.8％,2 105/4 702).Conclusions The understanding of the CUA BPH guidelines is poor in Chinese urologists.Target training in the specific urologists with tailored contents is necessary.

Objective:To investigate if downregulation of two mitotic checkpoint proteins, MAD2 and p55CDC, is a frequent event in human prostate cancer and whether decreased expression of these two proteins are associated with progression of prostate cancer. Methods: Using immunohistochemistry technique, the expressions of MAD2 and p55CDC proteins are examined in 46 benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and 65 prostate cancer tissues. Differential expressions were compared first between BPH and prostate cancer specimens, and then among prostate cancer samples with different Gleason grades. Results: We found that down regulation of MAD2 and p55CDC expressions was significant in prostate cancer (96% and 83%, respectively) compared to BPH (19.5% and 4.3%, respectively) ( P

Diabetes is a vulgar malady of metabolism and incretion. It is important to monitor and control the blood glucose for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes. In particular, it is one of the most effective means for physicians or patients to do so through self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) instruments. In this paper, SMBG instruments are discussed in detail and classified as the minimally invasive one, the non-invasive one and the continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS). The needle or laser applied to blood sampling, the technology of the minimally invasive one is relatively mature, and the result of measurement is exact, but this way is achy for the patients. Reverse iontophoresis and spectral analysis adopted, the non-invasive has an increasing accuracy. The CGMS can perform the periodical measurement and record of the value of blood glucose automatically for several days.

Based on photon counting mode,a multi-channel continuous-wave(CW) diffuse optical tomography(DOT) system is designed for galactophore inspection.For the acquisition of dynamic information,the instrument adopts the non-intermittent counters to achieve the function of width-adjustable moving gate.The width of the moving gate can be changed from 50 microseconds to about 10 seconds,and correspondingly the total temporal span of the measurement ranges from several milliseconds to tens seconds,depending on the preset gate number.The data transfer as well as the system control is through the universal serial bus(USB) 2.0 technique,with which the system can readily extended for a variety of applications requiring different spatial resolution.

Objective To establish the acute hind limb ischemia on Wistar rat with diabetes mellitus.MethodsThirty diabetes rats were induced by intraperitoneal STZ (50 mg/kg) injection, as well as the blood glucose level tested over 16.8 mmol/L. The rats were ligated on the left femoral artery, then the blood perfusion on the hind limbs ischemia was measured by LDPI after the operation. Results The fasting plasma glucose level on 22 Wistar rats(81.5%) was kept above 16.8 mmol/L, and the hind limb blood perfusion would recover slowly to the level of the right side from 1 to 14 day (P

Objective To develop a new portable micro-invasive blood glucose detector.Methods With a high-performance MCU C8051F060 as the core,the system is composed of SPR biosensor,step-motor,vacuum pump and a lattice-style liquid crystal module.With multi-task RTOS,RTX51-TINY,the system realizes blood measurement.Results Microinvasive and real-time acquisition and detection for the body's blood glucose can be fulfilled.Conclusion This detector has the characteristics of small size,high-speed and accurate detection,so it has a nice application foreground.

Objective:To compare the effects of rotational night shifts on the micturition patterns of fe-male nurses.Methods:A total of 58 nurses without lower urinary tract symptoms were recruited,who worked in the Peking University People’s Hospital during January and June in 2014.The nurses aged 20 -43 years were divided into two groups,the night-shift group (n =28)and the non-shift group (n =30).The alcohol or coffee intaking were forbidden.In the night-shift group,nurses had worked on rota-tional shifts for at least 6 months.Their average age was (26.75 ±4.11)years.In the non-shift group, nurses took regular day-time work,whose average age was (27.80 ±5.60)years.A voiding diary was kept for 7 consecutive days at the end of 6 months,starting 2 days before their night duties until 4 days after completion of their night duties.For comparison,the non-shift group with regular shifts completed a 7-day voiding diary.In the 7-day recording voiding diary,the nurses were required to have the normal in-take of liquid about 1 500 -2 000 mL/d.The frequency volume charts of nocturia,the 8-hour interval urine production and frequency were compared between the two groups.Results:Nocturia frequency was increased in the night-shift group [0.5 (0 -2.4)]compared with the non-shift group [0 (0 -2),P =0.02].The volume of nocturia was increased in the night-shift group [125 mL (0 -660 mL)]compared with the non-shift group [0 mL (0 -340 mL),P <0.01].The 8-hour interval indices showed that urine production changed with shift (P <0.01).In the consecutive 7 days,the nocturnal volume of the night-shift group increased on the day after night shift.When the night-shift nurses returned to daytime duty, the volume of urine decreased but nocturnal urine production remained high,and the frequency of noctu-ria also increased significantly (P <0.05).Compared with the 8-hour interval indices,the night-shift group’s voiding volume [(542.35 ±204.66)mL]and voiding frequency (2.24 ±0.69)were more than those of the non-shift group at the afternoon time (from 2 pm to 10 pm).During the 8 h interval night time (from 10 pm to 6 am),the volume of nocturia in the night-shift group [(309.74 ±162.74) mL]was more than that in the non-shift group [(199.38 ±153.98)mL,P =0.01];the frequency of nocturia in the night-shift group (1.31 ±0.52)was increased than that in the non-shift group (0.82 ± 0.55,P <0.01).Conclusion:The rotational shifts affect the micturition patterns of nurses who go through the night shift work,which increases the volume and frequency of the nocturia.