BACKGROUND: By detecting vasoactive substances of experimental rats with myocardial ischemia, pharmacological mechanism of xiongbitong was studied in this research.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of xiongbitong capsule on release of vasoactive substances of rats with myocardial ischemia.DESIGN: A completely randomized controlled study.SETTING: Department of Health, Weifang Medical College; Department of Physiology, Department of Immunity and Pathogenic Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, Weifang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine.MATERIALS: The experiment had been carried out in the Laboratory of Physiology of Weifang Medical College from January 2003 to June 2003.The cleansing grade 30 Wistar rats, 6-8 months, of either sex, were randomly divided into three groups:namely, normal control group, model control group and model group of treatment with xiongbitong capsule.METHODS: [1] At 12 hours before making model, rats of model treatment group were irrigated with xiongbitong capsule 2.5 g/kg (a capsule contents dried medicinal herbs 1 g), which consists of tuckahoe, rhizoma, immature bitter orange, exocarpium citri grandis, rhizoma acori tatarinowi, moxibustion, dalbergia wood, mongolian snakegourd, curcuma root, red sage root,root of donopsis pilosula, ilyturf root, ophiopogon, polygala root, date kernel etc., and dissolved in 4 mL physiological saline. AT ten hours after making model, they were irrigated with same dose once more. The rats of normal control group and model control group were irrigated with the same dose physiological saline at the same time. One hour after the first irrigation, the animal models of myocardial ischemia of rats of model control group and model treatment group were established by injecting vitriol isoprenaline according to 10 mg/kg subcutaneously. [2] Endothelin (ET), calcitonin generelates peptide (CGRP), 6-keto-prostaglandin Fl alpha (6-keto-PGF1α) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) in the plasma of rats were detected according to the explanation of Institute of Beijing East Asia Immune Technique. [3] The analysis of variance and q test were used for comparing between groups.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Contents of vasoactive substances in the plasma of rats in each experimental group.RESULTS: The date of all thirty rats was entered the final analysis. [1]The contents of (TXB2) and ET, TXB2/6-Keto-PGF1α, ET/CGRP: Compared with the model group, the normal control group and model treatment group reduced obviously (q=2.99-9.87, P ＜ 0.05-0.01). [2] The contents of 6-Ke-to-PGF1α and CGRP: Compared with the model group, the normal control group and model treatment group increased obviously [(603.3 ±90.6),(190.0±64.2) ng/L; (560.7±111.1), (174.9±41.4) ng/L; (380.4±705),(114.9±36.4) ng/L, q=3.88-7.64, P ＜ 0.05-0.01].CONCLUSION: Xiongbitong capsule may suppress unusual release of vasoactive material at myocardial ischemia area obviously, increase the content of expanding the blood vessel material, and correct out-of-balance of content of important TXB2, 6-keto-PGF1α, XTB and CGRP in the body.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of using a novel docetaxel-loaded polycaprolactoneTween 80 (PCL-Tween 80) nanoparticles for glioma therapy.Methods Two types of docetaxel-loaded nanoparticles were made from commercial polycaprolactone (PCL) and a self-synthesized PCL-Tween 80 copolymer using a modified solvent extraction/evaporation method.A C6 glioma cell line was used to investigate the uptake of polymeric nanoparticles by brain cancer cells.In vitro cancer cell viability was assessed using MTT toxic assay.Results The nanoparticles were found by FESEM to have a spherical shape and be around 200 nm in diameter.The copolymers could encapsulate 10% of the drug in the nanoparticles and release 34.9% of the encapsulated drug over 28 days.The drug-loaded PCL-Tween 80 nanoparticles showed better in vitro cytotoxicity towards C6 cancer cells than Taxotere at the same drug concentration.Conclusion Nanoparticles using PCL-Tween 80 copolymer as drug delivery vehicles may have a promising outcome for glioma patients.

Objective: To observe the effect of low concentration paraquat (PQ) on activation and phenotypic M1/M2 polarization of mouse microglia cells (BV2) . Methods: BV2 cells were used as model, and cultured in vitro were exposed to paraquat at designed concentrations of 0, 0.015, 0.03, 0.06, 0.12, 0.24, 0.48 μmol/L and 0.05 μmol/L 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP⁺) for 24 h, and cell viability was determined by CCK8 assay. After induced by 0, 0.015, 0.03, 0.06, 0.12 μmol/L PQ and 0.05 μmol/L MPP⁺ for 24 h, the contents of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) , interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β in cell culture supernatant were determined by enzyme-linked inmunosorbent assay (ELISA) . Cell migration ability was determined by transwell. Immunofluorescence (IF) and flow cytometry were used to determine the phagocytic capacity of cells. Designed concentrations of 0, 0.03, 0.06, 0.12 μmol/L PQ and 0.05 μmol/L MPP⁺ for 24 h, the protein expressions of M1 markers of BV2 (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, Nitric oxide synthase-iNOS, CD86) and M2 markers of BV2 (Arginase type-1 Arg-1 and Mannose recepteor-CD206) were determined by Western Blot after PQ expourse (0, 0.03, 0.06, 0.12 μmol/L) and 0.05 μmol/L MPP⁺ induction. Results: Compared with 0 μmol/L PQ group, proliferation activity of BV2 cells was significantly increased by 0.03~0.12 μmol/L PQ while inhibited by 0.48 μmol/L PQ (P<0.05) . The cell proliferation activity of cells treated with 0.03 μmol/L PQ was significantly increased in 24 hours (P<0.05) . ELISA showed that TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β contents in the cell supernatant of the PQ group were significantly higher than those of 0 μmol/L PQ group, especially in 0.03 and 0.06 μmol/L PQ exposed group (P<0.05) . The results of IF and flow cytometry showed that phagocytic capacity of 0.015, 0.03 and 0.06 μmol/L PQ group was significantly enhanced compared with 0 μmol/L PQ group (P<0.05) . Transwell showed that the cell invasion ability of 0.03, 0.06, 0.12 μmol/L PQ was significantly higher than that of 0 μmol/L PQ group (P<0.05) . Western blot showed that compared with 0 μmol/L PQ group, the expression levels of M1 markers TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS and CD86 were significantly increased in 0.03 and 0.06 μmol/L PQ exposed group, while the expression levels of M2 markers Arg-1 and CD206 protein were decreased in 0.06 and 0.12 μmol/L PQ exposed group (P<0.05) . Conclusion Low concentration PQ can abnormally activate BV2 cell, making the transformation of BV2 cell into pro-inflammatory M1 type and inhibiting its transformation into anti-inflammatory M2 type.

Objective: To explore the relationship between glycemic control and visceral adiposity index (VAI) among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.Methods: A community-based epidemiological field study for patients with T2DM aged ≥ 40 years was conducted in China.Every participant underwent physical examinations, biochemical tests of fasting glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and so on, and a questionnaire, including anthropometric characteristics, lifestyle, disease history, family history, and medication use.Those participants with HbA1c ≥7.0% were classified as the poorly controlled in our analysis of relationship between glycemic control and VAI.Anthropometric characteristics, lifestyle, and biochemical indexes of the participants were compared among the groups of different VAI levels.Logistic models were applied in multiple analysis adjusting for possible confounders.Results: A total of 1 607 patients with T2DM were recruited in our analysis with a mean age of (59.4±8.1) years and an average T2DM duration of (7.0±6.4) years.Among them, 78.3% were on hypoglycemic therapy.The cutoff points of quartiles of VAI were calculated for the males and females, respectively.According to the ascending order of the quartiles of VAI, the participants were divided into four groups, i.e.Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4.The poor glycemic control rate for these groups were 60.6%, 65.7%, 70.1%, and 71.0%, respectively (Trend χ2=12.20, P<0.001).After adjustment for age, gender, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), LDL-C, smoking, cardio-cerebral vascular disease (CVD) history, hypoglycemic therapy, T2DM duration, and family history of diabetes, the Logistic regression models showed that the glycemic control rate was significantly associated with VAI levels among the patients with T2DM.Compared with the participants in group Q1, the ORs of poor glycemic control for those in groups Q2, Q3, and Q4 were 1.239 (95%CI 0.918 to 1.672), 1.513 (95%CI 1.117 to 2.050), and 1.535 (95%CI 1.128to 2.088), respectively (trend P=0.003).With each quartile increase in VAI, the OR of poor glycemic control was 1.162 (95%CI 1.054 to 1.282).Conclusion: The glycemic control among the patients with T2DM is significantly associated with VAI.High level of VAI is an indicator of poor glycemic control.

Objective: To explore the differences in the gut microbiota of primary school students with different levels of sugar sweetened beverage intake, so as to provide scientific evidence for better identification of health risks in children and the development of targeted health policies. Methods: In June 2022, a total of 192 healthy primary school students from Chengdu were selected using a stratified cluster random sampling method. The sugar sweetened beverage intake was assessed through a dietary frequency questionnaire. Based on the median daily sugar sweetened beverage intake, primary school students were categorized into a low intake group ( n =96) and a high intake group ( n =96). The gut microbiota in fresh fecal samples from the two groups of primary school students was analyzed using 16S rRNA high throughput sequencing, and the diversity and community structure differences in the gut microbiota were compared. Results: Children in the low intake group had a sugar sweetened beverage intake of (21.3±1.6) mL/d, while the high intake group had an intake of (269.6±37.3) mL/d. Diversity analysis results showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the low intake and the high intake group in terms of α diversity metrics: Observed_otus index [298.50 (259.75, 342.25), 305.50 (244.25, 367.75)], Goods_coverage index [1.00 (1.00, 1.00), 1.00 (1.00, 1.00)], Chao index [304.18 (260.75, 348.78), 305.88 (245.68, 370.88)], Shannon index [5.88 (5.29, 6.45), 5.71 (4.89, 6.28)] and Simpson index [0.95 (0.91, 0.97), 0.94 (0.88, 0.97)] ( Z =-0.64, -0.76, -0.54, -1.76, -1.67, P >0.05). Furthermore, no statistically significant difference was observed in β diversity between the two groups ( R 2=0.006, P >0.05). At the genus level, the abundance of Blautia [0.033 (0.018, 0.055)] and Fusicatenibacter [0.009 (0.005, 0.015)] were higher in the low intake group compared to the high intake group [0.024 (0.013, 0.041),0.006 (0.003, 0.011)]and differences were statistically significant ( Z =-2.52, -2.81, P <0.05). LEfSe analysis highlighted intergroup differences primarily in Blautia, Fusicatenibacter and Sarcina( LDA= 3.56,3.12,3.53, P <0.05). Conclusions There is no significant difference in the diversity and overall structure of the gut microbiota in primary school students with different levels of sugar sweetened beverage intake. However, there are species variations at the genus level. The information can serve as a scientific basis for identifying health risks in primary school students and formulating targeted health strategies.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical feasibility, safety, and advantages of small lateral cervical incision for parathyroid exploration and resection.Methods:A total of 31 consecutive patients who underwent parathyroidectomy with a small lateral cervical incision, in the Department of Endocrinology and Breast Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from Apr. to Nov. 2021, including 11 males and 20 females, aged (49.32±13.79) years, ranging from 28 to 86 years, were selected to make retrospective statistical analysis of the surgical time, hospital stay, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage and postoperative complications of the patients. All patients were injected with carbon nanoparticles suspension injection guided by color ultrasound to locate the enlarged parathyroid gland before surgery. EXCEL 2019 software was used for statistical analysis.Results:Thirty-one patients underwent parathyroidectomy through a small lateral cervical incision. Primary hyperparathyroidism was performed in 19 cases (including 2 cases with bilateral small lateral cervical incision, 2 cases with unilateral excision of thyroid mass combined with parathyroidectomy, 1 case with resection of huge parathyroid adenoma, and 1 case with local anesthesia) . Twelve patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism underwent total parathyroidectomy through bilateral small lateral cervical incision and forearm autogenous parathyroid transplantation (including bilateral thyroid mass resection combined with bilateral total parathyroidectomy and forearm autogenous parathyroid transplantation in 2 cases, local anesthesia and cervical plexus nerve block in 2 cases, and ectopic parathyroid gland in thyroid in 1 case) . Among them, the average operative time of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism was (54.74±27.71 & 74.14±31.73) min, the average intraoperative blood loss was (8.11±5.05 & 14.43±10.94) ml, the average postoperative drainage was (14.37±24.64 & 26.36±32.87) ml, the average postoperative parathyroid hormone was (11.59±16.46 & 26.65±56.38) pg/ml, the average hospital stay was (10.00±5.09 & 10.96±4.55) d, and the postoperative complication rate was (3.2% & 0%) .Conclusions:Parathyroid gland exploration and resection through small lateral cervical incision is a safe and effective surgical method and can also complete thyroid exploration and parathyroidectomy at the same time. Appropriate anesthesia should be selected after a full assessment of the patient’s basic condition.

There is still a lack of sufficient evidence-based basis for the treatment of simple gaming disorder. The purpose of this paper is to review the research progress of gaming disorder intervention， in order to provide references for the treatment of patients with gaming disorder. With the development and popularization of the Internet， the adverse events caused by the pathological use of online games have attracted wide attention. At present， gaming disorder has been listed in the International Classification of Diseases， eleventh edition （ICD-11） by WHO. This paper reviewed the latest interventions measures about gaming disorder at home and abroad in the past decade， including psychological， pharmacological and physical intervention methods， and analyzed and summarized these intervention measures， so as to provide references for patients with gaming disorder to formulate a reasonable intervention plan.

Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp) is the cause of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) in goats. Inactivated vaccines and capsular polysaccharide (CPS) indirect hemagglutination reagents are available for prevention and serological detection, but high culture costs and complex antigen quantification have been plagued by production staff. In order to solve these problems in production practice, a sugar fermentation medium with an initial pH value of 7.8, which could improve the production of two antigens simultaneously, was screened out by changing the initial pH value based on previous Mccp metabolomics analysis. Since phenol red can be identified by UV absorption spectrum and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) can bind to anionic capsular polysaccharide, a UV spectrum measurement method for analyzing the culture stage reached by Mccp and a CTAB precipitation test for relative quantification of capsular polysaccharide antigen content in the fermentation broth were established. The UV spectrum observation method can guide the production of Mccp according to the growth curve of Mccp, which greatly reduces the monitoring time of the traditional CCU method and improves the accuracy of the original eye-observation method. The established CTAB precipitation test can complete the monitoring of CPS content within 5 hours, which greatly reduces the time required compared with the traditional differential technique, and its accuracy was verified by the phenol-sulfuric acid method. The optimized culture medium and the two correlation comparison methods established in this study can effectively reduce the production cost of Mccp and improve the production efficiency. The two assays have been used in the research at our laboratory, which provides experimental data for further improvement of the production process of CCPP inactivated vaccine and capsular polysaccharide as well as rapid quantification.
Humans ; Animals ; Goats ; Cetrimonium ; Mycoplasma ; Polysaccharides