Objective To evaluate the prevention and treatment effect of double-tube-drainage (DTD) method on anastomotic fistula(AF) after surgery of rectal carcinoma. Method One hundred and eight cases of rectal carcinoma with Dixon′s operation (from January 1998 to March 2005) were divided randomly into 2 groups: treatment group 52 cases underwent DTD, control group was 56 cases received a tube drainage. Results The incidence of anastomotic fistula were 1.9% and 14.3% in treatment group and control group, respectively. There was a significant difference between treatment group and control group (P

Medical college of Xi`an Jiaotong university offered the functional experiment course in 1997. The courseincludes the basic knowledge of medical scientific research, the experimental design and the implementation of theexperiment, totally 24 hours. The course determines the key role of students in teaching, cultivates their ability to studyindependently and raises their comprehensive ability. The course assessment shows a good result.[

The teaching reform on functional experiment is an attractive problem of the medical teaching development at present. Our school has opened the course of functional experiment according to integrating and recombining with physiology, pathologic physiology and pharmacology, which brought into playing a positive role in enhancing the medical students' capability of practice, the comprehensive application of knowledge and the consciousness of innovation. However, some problems still exist and further practice is needed for more improvement.

Objective To observe the effects of insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ (IGF-Ⅰ) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) on the expressions of sodium iodide symporter(NIS) and pendrin mRNA in a placental villous trophoblast cell line(HPT-8) exposed to different levels of iodine.Methods HPT-8 cells were cultured in vitro in the culture flask and divided into low iodine group-Ⅰ (LI-Ⅰ),low iodine group-Ⅱ (LI-Ⅱ),control group,high iodine group-Ⅰ (HI-Ⅰ) and high iodine group-Ⅱ (HI-Ⅱ) that exposed to different concentrations of iodine (0,5,50,500,5000 μg/L).After cell cultured for 24 h,the followings were added to the culture medium:iodine plus IGF-Ⅰ(0.050 mg/L),iodine plus TGF-β1 (0.001 mg/L).After cultured for another 24 h,total RNA was extracted,the expressions of NIS and pendrin mRNA of HPT-8 cells were determined by real-time quantitative PCR.Results The expression of NIS mRNA in HPT-8 cells:at different levels of iodine,the differences of NIS mRNA expression between groups were statistically significant in group with iodine alone(F =3.612,P ＜ 0.01).The expression of NIS mRNA in LI-Ⅰ group(0.44 ± 0.21) was significantly lower than that of control group(1.25 ± 0.77,P＜ 0.01).At the same level of iodine,in LI-Ⅰ group and HI-Ⅰ group,the differences of NIS mRNA expression within groups were statistically significant (F =13.632,6.900,all P ＜ 0.01).In LI-Ⅰ group,the expressions of NIS mRNA were higher in iodine plus IGF-Ⅰ(1.13 ± 0.38) and iodine plus TGF-β1 (0.81 ± 0.34) than that of pure iodine(0.44 ± 0.21,P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05);in HI-Ⅰ group,the expression of NIS mRNA was lower in iodine plus TGF-β1 (0.62 ± 0.30) than that of pure iodine(1.23 ± 0.91,P ＜ 0.01).The expression of pendrin mRNA in HPT-8 cells:at different levels of iodine,the differences of pendrin mRNA expression between groups were statistically significant in group with iodine alone(F =12.717,P ＜ 0.01).The expression of pendrin mRNA in LI-Ⅰ group(0.59 ± 0.15) was significantly lower than that of control group(1.03 ± 0.14,P ＜ 0.01) ; HI-Ⅰ group(1.29 ± 0.31) was higher than control group(P ＜ 0.05).At the same level of iodine,the differences of pendrin mRNA expression within groups were statistically significant in LI-Ⅰ,LI-Ⅱ,control and HI-Ⅰ groups (F=12.588,4.588,8.679,8.445,all P ＜ 0.01).In LI-Ⅰ,LI-Ⅱ and control groups,the expressions of pendrin mRNA were significantly higher in iodine plus IGF-Ⅰ(1.68 ± 0.82,1.51 ± 0.79,1.50 ± 0.51) than that of pure iodine(0.59 ± 0.15,0.89 ± 0.22,1.03 ± 0.14,all P ＜ 0.01); in HI-Ⅰ group,the expression of pendrin mRNA was significantly lower in iodine plus TGF-β1 (0.78 ± 0.20) than that of pure iodine(1.29 ± 0.31,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions In the case of iodine deficiency,the mRNA expressions of NIS and pendrin in HPT-8 cells are decreased and the iodine uptake ability is decreased; the expression of pendrin mRNA in HPT-8 cells is increased and placental iodine uptake is increased under the conditions of mild iodine excessive.IGF-Ⅰ and TGF-β1 play a role in the placental iodine uptake through increasing iodine uptake under the conditions of iodine deficiency and decreasing iodine uptake under the conditions of iodine excessive.

This paper aims to explore a new educational model for graduates with anesthesia specialty through performing clinical and basic medical double tutorial system.By analyzing the characteristics in knowledge structure and problems in cultivation model,this article discusses the important actions of double tutorial system on improving graduate students'personnel quality,training innovative and scienthqc abilities,emphasizing the remote meaning of performing the reform of cultivation model in graduates students

Objective Subcutaneous transplantation Lewis lung carcinoma model is commonly used in experimental studies.Researchers often choose different transplantation sites to create the models while little attention was paid on the effect of different inoculation sites on the formation of transplanted tumors.The aim of this study was to compare the effect of tumor cell inoculation at different sites on tumor formation in mice.Methods Lewis lung adenocarcinoma (ll2-luc-m38) cells stably expressing luciferase protein were subcutaneously injected into C57 BL/6 mice at the right armpit, right groin, or footpad, respectively.An IVIS spectrum in vivo imaging system was used to observe the tumor and metastasis formation.The survival time and mortality were recorded.H-E stained pathology was performed to examine the histological changes of the lung tissues and tumor metastesis.Results The tumor formation time was earlier in the armpit and groin groups, both with a tumor formation rate of 100%, while the tumors occurred later, with a tumor formation rate of 33% in the footpad group.The pulmonary metastasis rate was 70% in the groin group, 50% in the ampit group, and 0% in the footpad group, at the 21st day after inoculation.The footpad group had a high mortality.The tumors in the groin group and armpit group can be surgically resected, with a postoperative survival rate of 100%.Conclusions In this mouse model of subcutaneously transplanted Lewis adenocarcinoma, the groin and ampit groups have advantages such as a high tumor formation rate, good tolerance of tumor resection, low surgical mortality rate, easy to monitor, simple operation and high reproducibility.The axillary group has an even higher metastasis rate.

Objective:To investigate the use of antibacterial agents for emergency patients with acute upper respiratory infections in tertiary hospitals in Beijing .Methods:We used the medical claim data for urban workers in 10 tertiary hospitals in Beijing from Oct .2010 to Sep.2012.Medical records of emer-gency patients with acute upper respiratory tract infections had been selected as the study sample .The proportions of antibacterial prescriptions and categories of antibacterial drugs were described and ana -lyzed.Results:This study included 135 979 visitors (male:42.7%;mean age:43.6 ±16.2 years).The average antibacterial prescription rate was 71.2% (95%CI 71.0%-71.5%), of which the single kind use was 80.0%(95%CI 79.7%-80.2%).Among acute upper respiratory tract infections , the antibacte-rial prescription rate for acute tonsillitis visits was highest (85.1%, 95%CI 84.5%-85.6%), followed by acute laryngitis and bronchitis (81.69%, 95%CI 80.4%-82.8%), acute pharyngitis (81.4%, 95%CI 77.7% -85.0%), acute sinusitis (77.0%, 95%CI 74.6% -79.4%), acute nasopharyngitis (74.3%, 95%CI 73.7%-75.0%), and common cold (67.6%, 95%CI 67.3%-67.9%).Compared with the female group, the antibacterial prescription rate for the male was higher (73.2%, 95%CI 72.8%-73.6%vs.69.7%, 95%CI 69.4%-70.0%).Compared with the <60 years age cases, the anti-bacterial prescription rate for the ≥60 years cases was higher (72.1%, 95%CI 71.8%-72.3% vs. 66 .8%, 95%CI 66 .2%-67 .5%) .In the visitors who used antibacterial drugs , the average percentage of injection use was 50.6%(95%CI 50.3%-50.9%).The top antibacterial drugs in the list of varie-ties were the second generation cephalosporins (28.4%) , followed by the third generation cephalosporins (21.7%), fluoroquinolones (21.0%) and macrolides (17.6%).Conclusion: The antibacterial pre-scription rate for acute upper respiratory tract infections in the general hospitals in Beijing is high , and the second generation cephalosporins , third generation cephalosporins , fluoroquinolones and macrolides take the lead in the total antibacterial drugs .

Objective To investigate the effects of rapamycin on the expression of glioma patients tumor helicase RECQ1.Methods 50 glioma patients admitted to the department of neurosurgery in second hospital of hebei medical university were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups,25 patients in control group,were treated with routine admission surgical treatment;25 cases in the experimental group,firstly were given rapamycin capsule 1 mg,1 times/day orally,took 14 days in a row,and had surgical treatment after stopping drug a week.Glioma tissue samples were taken during the operation,mRNA and protein expression of tumor helicase RECQ1 were detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and Western blot.Results Glioma tumor helicase RECQ1 mRNA expression in the control group increased more significantly than experimental group,the optical density value in control group was(1.657 ±0.748),while the experimental group optical density value was(1.059 ±0.894),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05 );all organizations had the expression of tumor helicase RECQ1 protein,but gliomas tumor helicase RECQ1 protein expression in the experimental group patients(0.952 ±0.021)was significantly lower than that in the control group(1.211 ±0.024),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Rapamycin capsule could reduce the expression of mRNA helicase RECQ1,inhibit DNA glial tumor cells of brain replication,effectively kill cancer cells,control the the progress of brain glioma,and improve prognosis,worth clinical promotion.

OBJECTIVE:To study the bioequivalence of suspension formulation of cefixime(A),capsule formulation of ce-fixime(B) and reference preparation(C: Cefixime Capsules or Cefspan) in human body.METHODS: The study was conducted as a 3- way crossover design in 18 healthy volunteers whose plasma concentrations of cefixime were determined by HPLC after receiving a single oral dose of 200 mg trial preparations or reference preparation.RESULTS:The main pharmacokinetics of the three preparations(A、B、C) were as follows after undergoing BIO3 program fitting:AUC0-1 were(18.54?6.31)mg?h-1?L-1, (16.10?5.51)mg?h-1?L-1 and (17.16?5.96)mg?h-1?L-1, Cmax were(2.63?0.76) mg?L-1, (2.43?0.78)mg?L-1 and (2.57?0.90)mg?L-1;tmax were(4.11?0.58)h,(4.56?0.51)h and (4.56?0.70)h,respectively .The relative bioavailability of cefixime suspensions(A) and cefixime capsules(B) were (108.8?12.3)% and (95.7?15.9)% ,respectively as against reference preparation(C) .CONCLUSION:The test formulations(A and B) were found bioequivalent to the reference formulation(C).

Objective:To investigate age related changes in urodynamic parameters of women with uri-nary incontinence.Methods:From May 2008 to October 2015,a total of 214 patients diagnosed with urinary incontinence in Peking University People’s Hospital was involved in this study.Average age was (56.97 ±10.68)years,ranging from 30 to 82 years,and average history was (8.44 ±8.85)years, ranging from one month to 50 years.Urodynamic examinations of each patient were taken before operation routinely in Department of Urology,Peking University People’s Hospital.The urodynamic study was composed of non-invasive and invasive procedures.Analysis included maximal flow rate (Qmax ),average flow rate,time to Qmax ,voiding time,detrusor pressure at Qmax ,maximal detrusor pressure,voided volume,post-void residual urine volume (PVR),the total capacity of bladder,first-,strong-,and urge-desire to void,cough leak point pressure (CLPP),and Valsalva leak point pressure (VLPP).Patients were divided into four groups according to age,Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and one-way ANOVA were used for data analysis.Results:A total of 214 patients were enrolled in this study.The data of Qmax ,average flow rate,voided volume,and total capacity of bladder decreased with statistical significance.The value of residual urine volume and voiding time increased without statistical significance,while the value of maximal detrusor pressure decreased.Conclusion:Urodynamic examination data of females with urinary incontinence changes along with the elapse of age,which was mainly observed as age ascends,and the changes in urodynamic parameters of women with urinary incontinence suggest that the value of Qmax , average flow rate,voided volume,and total capacity of bladder decreased significantly,while the value of PVR and the voiding time increased and the value of maximal detrusor pressure decreased.