Objective To investigate the long-term effects of low dosage Changle intake on the serum insulin and hepatocyte glycogen of rats. Methods The levels of serum insulin and hepatocyte glycogen in rat were measured by radioimmunoassay and microscopy image analysis system after 6 and 7 months of administrated with Changle(0. 1, 0.2, 2.0 and 10.0 mg/kg). Results Taken Changle for 6 months, the serum insulin level in the 10.0 mg/kg group reduced, hepatocyte glycogen level increased in the female and the male rats. In 0.1, 0.2, and 2.0 mg/kg groups, the serum insulin level increased and the hepatocyte glycogen level decreased in the male. After 6 months of the Changle treatment, the treatment was then followed by normal food, one month later, the level of serum insulin and hepatocyte glycogen returned to the normal level. Conclusion A long-term low dosage exposure of Changle can induce the serum insulin and hepatocyte glycogen changes in rats and the serum insulin and hepatocyte glycogen levels may return to the normal levels after a short time of stopping Changle intake.

Objective:To explore the effects of lanthanum nitrate low-dose on 2 type diabetic rat pancreas INSR ,IRS1 and apoptosis of cells.Methods:The 50 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group (10) and model group(40),and were given normal diet and high-fat high-sugar diet.After 8 weeks,making the module intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ,30 mg/kg) rats to induce type 2 diabetes model ,after a successful modeling experimental animals were divided into three groups namely the control group,diabetic model group and La(NO3)3 treatment group,three groups of rats were given daily saline,saline,lanthanum (0.2 mg/kg) nitrate administered a month ,then were sacrificed blood and pancreas.By radioimmunoassay to detect glucose ,insulin levels(in rat serum);by ELISA to detect the protein content of INSR and IRS 1(in rat serum);by immunohistochemistry to detect the protein expression levels of INSR and IRS1(in rat pancreas tissue);TUNEL apoptosis detection kit was used to detect pancreatic tissue percentage of apoptosis;HE staining was used to detect pathological changes of the pancreas.Results: Compared with the normal control group,diabetic model rats blood glucose and pancreatic tissue apoptosis rate were significantly increased ,blood insulin,INSR and IRS1 protein content and pancreatic tissue the protein expression levels of INSR and IRS 1 were significantly reduced ,difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01 );La( NO3 ) 3 treatment group blood glucose and pancreatic tissue apoptosis rate were slightly elevated ,blood insulin , INSR and IRS1 protein content and pancreatic tissue the protein expression levels of INSR and IRS 1 were slightly reduced significantly(P<0.05);Light microscopy showed pancreatic tissue in the control group closely arranged ,plump,large volume islet pancreatic tissue of diabetic rats in groups evacuate more smaller islet volume ,pancreatic tissue lanthanum nitrate basic set tight,plump,slightly islet volume small.Conclusion:Oral lanthanum nitrate can be lowered blood sugar levels and inhibiting apoptosis of pancreatic tissue ,increased insulin levels and the protein expression levels of INSR and IRS 1 in pancreatic tissue ,have a protective effect on diabetic rat pancreas .

To investigate the effect of treasure pill pretreatment on hypoxic brain injury Fas and Fas L protein expression.Methods:Newborn 7d Wistar rats 200,male or female,were randomly divided into 5 groups(n=40):normal control group, model group 1h hypoxia(Ⅰm-12h,Ⅰm-24h,Ⅰm-48h,Ⅰm-72h),model group 4h hypoxia(Ⅳm-12h,Ⅳm-24h,Ⅳm-48h,Ⅳm-72h), hypoxic 1h treasure pill treatment group(ⅠT-14h,ⅠT-24h,ⅠT-48h,ⅠT-72h),hypoxic 4h treasure pill treatment group(ⅣT-14h,ⅣT-24 h ,ⅣT-48 h ,ⅣT-72 h ).The newborn Wistar rats were placed in hypoxia chamber of 8%O2+92%N2 ( V/V) for establishment the model of neonatal rats with hypoxia.Before modeling continuous 7 d once-daily oral administration of saline and treasure pill , during hypoxia also dose ,after hypoxia 12 h,24 h,48 h,72 h animals were sacrificed blood and brain tissues tested.By ELISA to detect the protein levels of Fas and Fas L in serum and brain tissue;by immunohistochemistry method to detect the expression of Fas and Fas L in rat brain tissue.Results:Compared with normal control group ,other four groups the protein content and protein expression of Fas and Fas L are in the 12h time points after hypoxic significantly increased ,and 24 h time point that pealed at statistically significant ( P<0.01 ) ,model group was significantly higher than the treatment group at each time point ;model groups in 48 h,72 h time point the protein expression and protein content of Fas and Fas L was less than 12 h time point but still significantly higher than the control group ( P<0.01 );treasure pill groups in 48 h,72 h time point the protein expression and protein content of Fas and Fas L was less than 12 h time point ,and slightly higher than the normal control group ( P<0.05 ).Conclusion: Treasures pill can cut hypoxic brain damage in rats,the positive expression of Fas and Fas L protein content and protein ,and thus the hypoxic brain injury has a protective effect.

BACKGROUND:Artificial lumbar disc replacement is a new choice for the treatment of degenerative disc disease, and preserves lumbar vertebra’s biomechanical characteristics during pain elimination. The design of the prosthesis structure and material needs further study and validation. OBJECTIVE:To review the structure and material types of presently designed artificial lumbar discs, then to discuss the trends in the optimization design of prosthesis. METHODS:The PubMed database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure database and Chinese BioMedical Literature Database were searched for related articles concerning artificial lumbar disc and type and biomechanics of nucleus pulposus prosthesis material published from January 2005 to February 2013 by the first author. Key words were“artificial lumbar disc, principle of prosthesis design, structure, material, clinical trials”in Chinese and“artificial lumbar disc, total disc replacement, structure, material, clinical trial”in English. Repetitive and old studies were excluded. 135 articles were found, but 36 articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At present, the materials for intervertebral discs include cobalt-chromium al oy, ceramics, stainless steel, titanium al oy and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene. Artificial lumbar disc is commonly made by different materials. Bryan prosthesis is most commonly used in the clinic. Three-dimensional finite element analysis, in vitro trial and clinical studies verified its good biomechanical property. The successful rate of replacement was high. Nucleus prosthesis contains prefabricated type and situ polymerization type, and obtains smal injury, so it is a hot focus in present study, but it cannot achieve biomechanical function of human nucleus pulposus. To dig novel material is a future direction for designing individual prosthesis. The prosthetic structure and biomaterial design experience constant improvement and development. This study combines latest study trend and prospects the development of biomimetic design, material improvement, the optimization design of prosthesis and assisted devices.

BACKGROUND:Early clinical application of non-biological materials (bone cement) for treatment of hip joint is ineffective, due to the large fixed range, long fixation time, as wel as aging and rupture of bone cement interface causing complications such as prosthetic loosening. Thus, postoperative range of motion of the hip joint can be affected to some degree.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the methods and progress of biological and non-biological materials for total hip replacement and to assess the features and clinical application of different hip prostheses.
METHODS:A computer-based search of PubMed and CNKI was performed by the first author to retrieve articles related to biological materials and tissue-engineered hip joint using the keywords of“carpal bone, fracture ununited”in the title and abstract. The keywords were limited to Chinese and English.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Biological materials for internal fixation have good wear resistance, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. Currently, the combination of metal joint head and polyethylene acetabulum with ultrahigh molecular weight is the most commonly used in hip replacement. However, the metal joint head exhibits an elastic modulus far from the human skeleton, resulting in stress shielding effects which are easy to cause prosthetic loosening and instability. Bio-inert ceramics has high in vivo stability and good mechanical strength;and bioactive ceramics has bone conduction characteristics and performance of the living bone integration. Composite prosthesis, because of adjustable elastic modulus and sufficient mechanical strength, shows the mechanical properties close to the human bone and has been gradual y noticed. However, there is a lack of ideal prostheses with good biocompatibility and biomechanics. Therefore, hip design and manufacturing processes should be improved to elevate wear resistance and mechanical properties, to enhance the binding between prosthesis and the host bone, and to reduce stress shielding in order to improve the biocompatibility of the implant with the host, and extend the prosthetic life.

Objective To establish a method for the determination of eight heavy metal elements ofPb,Cd,As,Hg,Co,V,Se,Mo in iron dextran by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES).Method Through selection of detection wavelengths,optimization of instrument parameters,correction of spectral interference,verification of ionization interference and investigation of suppression methods,the eight heavy metal elements were analyzed by ICP-OES.Results The recovery rate of the detected elements increased 5％ to 10％ by suppression of ionization interference.The accuracy of the method was good.The spiked recovery rates of the detected elements were from 95.7％ to 101.1％.The precision of the method were good (RSD ＜ 3.6％,n =6).The linearities of the detected elements were good,and the correlation coefficients were all greater than 0.999.The detection limits were from 0.15 to 8.09 ng/mL.The quantization limits were from 0.46 to 24.26 ng/mL.Conclusion The method was accurate,sensitivity,rapid and reliable,which can be applied to the determination of contents of eight heavy metal elements in iron dextran.

Objective To compare the dissolution curves of reference preparation and self-prepared Iloperidone Tablets in four different pH dissolution media (0.1 mol/L HC1 solution,pH 4.5 acetate buffer solution,pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solution,and water).Methods The solubility of Iloperidone in different pH solutions was measured,the dissolution curves of two preparations in four different pH dissolution media were determined by HPLC,and the similarity was investigated according to the f2 factor method.Results The f2 factors between reference preparation and self-prepared Iloperidone Tablets in four different media were more than 50.Conclusion The two preparations are equivalent in four different pH dissolution media in vitro.

Objective To establish a method for the determination of eight heavy metal elements (Pb,Cd,As,Hg,Co,V,Se,and Mo) in iron dextran by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES).Methods Through detection wavelength selection,optimization of instrument parameters and applying interference element correction (IEC) method to correction of spectral interference,the eight heavy metal elements were analyzed by ICP-OES.Results The elements recoveries were from 88.7％ to 101.3％ by correction of spectral interference with IEC method.The accuracy of the method was good.The linearities of the detected elements were good,and the correlation coefficients were all greater than 0.999.The detection limits were from 0.12 to 7.26 ng/rnL.The quantization limits were from 0.40 to 23.96 ng/mL.The precision of the method was good (RSD＜3.5％,n=6).Conclusion The results of the spectral interference correction by IEC method are greatly superior to the results of conventional method.The established method is accurate,sensitive,and rapid,which can be applied to the determination of contents of eight heavy metal elements in iron dextran.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of immediate quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) analysis in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods The parameters of QCA and conventional methods before and after PCI were compared and statistics was performed by using t test or ANOVA methods. Results One hundred and two patients were enrolled in our study. Significant differences between QCA and conventional methods were found in evaluation of lesion length [ ( 22.9 ± 8.9 ) mm vs (24. 8 ± 10. 6) mm,t = 9. 63, P < 0. 05 ], stenosis diameter [ (3.0 ± 0.4 ) mm vs (2. 9 ± 0. 7) mm, t = 6. 31, P < 0. 05 ] and stenosis area [ ( 87. 8 ± 10. 7 ) mm2 vs ( 85.0 ± 12.9 ) mm2, t = 2. 54, P < 0.05 ], and also in different vessels. Stenosis diameter and stenosis area after stenting in target lesion were lower than the international standards. Conclusion Immediate QCA analysis can be effective in directing stent implantation.

BACKGROUND:Exercise can elicit generation of coronary col ateral circulation through numerous pro-angiogenic growth factors. It is not enough via a single factor to clearly definite signaling pathways for the generation of col ateral circulation. Many pro-angiogenic growth factors are involved in kal ikrein-kinin system, and there is no report about exercise effects on this system.
OBJECTIVE:To study effects of exercise training on bradykinin expression in rats with myocardial infarction.
METHODS:Thirty Wistar rats were randomly assigned to control group, myocardial infarction group and exercises training group. Rats in the control group were subjected to thoracotomy with no coronary artery ligation. Rats in the other two groups were modeled. In the exercise training group, 3 days after myocardial infarction, rats were subjected to 30-minute exercise training on treadmil , once a day for 4 weeks. At the terminal of the experiment, blood samples were obtained to analyze bradykinin expression by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, and the myocardium was sampled to analyze relative blood flow by microsphere method.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After exercise training, bradykinin level in the exercise training group was significantly higher than that in the myocardial infarction group (P<0.001). At the end of experiment, the relative blood flows of the exercise training and myocardial infarction groups were both increased compared with before experiment (P<0.05, P<0.001). At the end of experiment, the relative blood flow of the exercise training group was significantly higher than that of the myocardial infarction group (P<0.01). In al the three groups, bradykinin level was significantly correlated with the relative blood flow in the myocardium. These findings indicate exercises training can improve bradykinin expression apparently and increase blood flow in the myocardium, which il ustrates that the kal ikrein-kinin system plays an important role in exercise induced angiogenesis.