Objective:To compare the effects of rotational night shifts on the micturition patterns of fe-male nurses.Methods:A total of 58 nurses without lower urinary tract symptoms were recruited,who worked in the Peking University People’s Hospital during January and June in 2014.The nurses aged 20 -43 years were divided into two groups,the night-shift group (n =28)and the non-shift group (n =30).The alcohol or coffee intaking were forbidden.In the night-shift group,nurses had worked on rota-tional shifts for at least 6 months.Their average age was (26.75 ±4.11)years.In the non-shift group, nurses took regular day-time work,whose average age was (27.80 ±5.60)years.A voiding diary was kept for 7 consecutive days at the end of 6 months,starting 2 days before their night duties until 4 days after completion of their night duties.For comparison,the non-shift group with regular shifts completed a 7-day voiding diary.In the 7-day recording voiding diary,the nurses were required to have the normal in-take of liquid about 1 500 -2 000 mL/d.The frequency volume charts of nocturia,the 8-hour interval urine production and frequency were compared between the two groups.Results:Nocturia frequency was increased in the night-shift group [0.5 (0 -2.4)]compared with the non-shift group [0 (0 -2),P =0.02].The volume of nocturia was increased in the night-shift group [125 mL (0 -660 mL)]compared with the non-shift group [0 mL (0 -340 mL),P <0.01].The 8-hour interval indices showed that urine production changed with shift (P <0.01).In the consecutive 7 days,the nocturnal volume of the night-shift group increased on the day after night shift.When the night-shift nurses returned to daytime duty, the volume of urine decreased but nocturnal urine production remained high,and the frequency of noctu-ria also increased significantly (P <0.05).Compared with the 8-hour interval indices,the night-shift group’s voiding volume [(542.35 ±204.66)mL]and voiding frequency (2.24 ±0.69)were more than those of the non-shift group at the afternoon time (from 2 pm to 10 pm).During the 8 h interval night time (from 10 pm to 6 am),the volume of nocturia in the night-shift group [(309.74 ±162.74) mL]was more than that in the non-shift group [(199.38 ±153.98)mL,P =0.01];the frequency of nocturia in the night-shift group (1.31 ±0.52)was increased than that in the non-shift group (0.82 ± 0.55,P <0.01).Conclusion:The rotational shifts affect the micturition patterns of nurses who go through the night shift work,which increases the volume and frequency of the nocturia.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of a new pelvic muscle gymnastic exercise in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI).Methods Prospectively,we randomly recruited 60 cases with mild and moderate SUI.We use ICI-Q-SF,pad Test and urodynamics to assess the degree of incontinence,volume of leakage,maximum urethral pressure and functional urethral length before and after intervention.Results The ICI-Q-SF score,volume of leakage,maximum urethral closure pressure and functional urethral length in study group before treatment were 11.6 ±4.2,(5.9 ±2.2) ml,(39.4 ± 12.5) cm H2O and (2.5 ±1.2) cm.The indicators in control group were 10.3 ±2.2,(5.8 ±1.3) ml,(41.3 ±8.9) cm H2O and (2.1 ± 0.5) cm respectively.There was no significant difference between the 2 groups (P ＞ 0.05).The ICI-Q-SF score,volune of leakage and maximum urethral closure pressure in study group after treatment were 7.7 ± 2.7,(1.8 ± 1.2) ml and (65.9 ± 8.9) cm H2O,which were significantly improved than the values of10.1 ±2.1,(5.7 ± 1.1) ml and (44.6 ±9.5) cm H2O in control group (P ＜0.05).Conclusions The new pelvic muscle exercise may play an important role in the treatment of mild and moderate SUI.Therefore,it could be recommended to the patients with mild and moderate SUI.

Objective:To investigate age related changes in urodynamic parameters of women with uri-nary incontinence.Methods:From May 2008 to October 2015,a total of 214 patients diagnosed with urinary incontinence in Peking University People’s Hospital was involved in this study.Average age was (56.97 ±10.68)years,ranging from 30 to 82 years,and average history was (8.44 ±8.85)years, ranging from one month to 50 years.Urodynamic examinations of each patient were taken before operation routinely in Department of Urology,Peking University People’s Hospital.The urodynamic study was composed of non-invasive and invasive procedures.Analysis included maximal flow rate (Qmax ),average flow rate,time to Qmax ,voiding time,detrusor pressure at Qmax ,maximal detrusor pressure,voided volume,post-void residual urine volume (PVR),the total capacity of bladder,first-,strong-,and urge-desire to void,cough leak point pressure (CLPP),and Valsalva leak point pressure (VLPP).Patients were divided into four groups according to age,Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and one-way ANOVA were used for data analysis.Results:A total of 214 patients were enrolled in this study.The data of Qmax ,average flow rate,voided volume,and total capacity of bladder decreased with statistical significance.The value of residual urine volume and voiding time increased without statistical significance,while the value of maximal detrusor pressure decreased.Conclusion:Urodynamic examination data of females with urinary incontinence changes along with the elapse of age,which was mainly observed as age ascends,and the changes in urodynamic parameters of women with urinary incontinence suggest that the value of Qmax , average flow rate,voided volume,and total capacity of bladder decreased significantly,while the value of PVR and the voiding time increased and the value of maximal detrusor pressure decreased.

Objective To investigate the changes in cytotoxicity of DC-CIK cells to human multiple myeloma RPMI 8226 cells before and after treatment with oridonin. Methods Normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and induced to obtain DC-CIK cells. Cytotoxicity of DC-CIK cells against RPMI 8226 cells which were treated by oridonin was analyzed by LDH releasing assay. The variation for expression of NKG2D ligands on RPMI 8226 cells were measured by flow cytometry. Results DC-CIK cells were successfully induced from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells. At the same effector to target ratio, oridonin obviously enhanced the cytotocixity of DC-CIK cells against RPMI 8226 cells (P<0.01). Flow cytometry showed the expression of NKG2D ligands ULBP1 of RPMI8226 cells was most significantly increased as the cells were treated by oridonin [(9.19 ± 1.85) vs. (15.47 ± 0.67), P<0.01]. Correlation analysis indicated that cytotocixity was positively correlated with changes in ULBP1. Conclusions Oridonin can improve the cytotoxicity of DC-CIK cells against RPMI 8226 cells, which may be related with the increased expressions of NKG2D ligands on the tumor cell surface.

ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy and safety of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC)in treatment of aplastic anemia(AA). MethodsTwenty-two patients with aplastic anemia were enrolled with median age of 31 (12-70) years old,including 11 severe aplastic anemia (SAA),and 3 of whom were cyclosporine and anti-thymocyte globulin-resistant. BMSC were isolated from bone marrow of healthy donors and cultured.The third to fifth generation cells were administered intravenously in 1×106/kg to patients once or twice a week.After infusion,complete blood count,bone marrow aspiration,bone marrow biopsy,flow cytometry analysis of lymphocyte subsets of CD3+ CD4+ and CD3+ CD8+ and clinical symptoms were involved in outcome measurement.ResultsAll patients finished 16-time median (5-83 times) infusions of BMSC with 13-month median (2-33 months) treatment course and 23-month median (2-34 months) follow-up.The total response rate was 72.7 ％(16/22), including one patient with essential cure, 9 with remission, 3 with remarkably improvement and 3 with transfusion interval extension.Two of three front-line immunosuppressiveresistant SAA patients achieved remission. Ten of 14 patients recovered from inverted ratio of CD4+/C8+ cells after BMSC treatment. There were no treatment-related side effects observed in the course of treatment.ConclusionBMSC are effective and safe for the treatment of AA in our preliminary study and they deserve further research with larger-scale and long-term clinical trials.

Objective To investigate if the positive postnatal environment could modify the schizo-phrenia-related behaviors caused by early maternal immune activation,and the interaction of this two pre-and postnatal factors.Methods The pregnant mice were randomly divided into experimental and control groups.The experimental groups were injected with polynosinic-polycytidylic acid(Poly I : C)(5mg/kg),via intra-venous route,at gestational day 9.The control groups were injected with the same volume of normal saline (NS)at the same gestational day.All offspring were housed in groups of littermates until postnatal day (PND)21 when they were weaned.Between PND22-PND60,offspring were divided into dull or enriched en-vironment(DE or EE)groups by sex and treatment.Different toys were put into the cages of enriched envi-ronment group every week,such as running wheels,climbing materials,swings and rollers.The dull environ-ment(DE)groups were kept the normal housing environment only with sawdust.At PND60,behavioral tests were conducted,such as prepulse inhibition(PPI),open field test,novel object/location recognition,social interaction test,as well as water maze test,were conducted to evaluate the performance of all offspring.After behavioral tests,all offspring were killed and the hippocampus were dissected.The western blot was used to analyze the expression of myelin basic protein in the hippocampus.Results (1)The percentage of PPI with early maternal immune activation of Poly I : C were significantly reduced when compared with control groups (female offspring:F=28.12,P<0.001;male offspring:F=14.76,P<0.01),suggesting the schizophrenia-like behavioral deficit in the offspring induced by early prenatal Poly I : C challenge.(2)In open field test,early maternal immune activation increased the moved distance and speed of the offspring compared with the con-trol groups(female offspring:distances,F=5.10,P<0.05,speed:F=5.19,P<0.05;male offspring:distances:F=6.76,P<0.05,velocity:F=6.85,P<0.05,vs each corresponding control).(3)Enriched environment in-creased the social interaction time of offspring with strange mouse in the social interaction test(female off-spring:EE group(101.30±6.83)s,DE group(76.50±5.59)s,F=9.41,P<0.01;male offspring:EE group(98. 52±6.82)s,DE group(75.82±3.95)s,F=7.95,P<0.01).(4)Enriched environment decreased the time for offspring to find the platform in water maze test(P<0.05).(5)The expression of myelin basic protein in hip-pocampus in offspring which received early maternal immune activation by Poly I : C was lower than that in the control groups(P<0.05).Conclusion The postnatal enriched environment increased the social interac-tion and the learning abilities of the offspring with early maternal immune activation by Poly I : C in water maze,and even more improved the perseveration behavior of the offspring induced by the early maternal im-mune activation.

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcome and the problems of patients who have performed the clean intermittent self-catheterization(CISC)through detailed telephone interviews and then develop corresponding measures to solve.Methods In this study,telephone interviews were carried out in 27 patients who were diagnosed as detrusor underactivity from January 2011 to September 2015,and received CISC as treatment.They were asked to finish the micturition diary and answer questions from 4 questionnaires of which the first one was IPSS and the other 3 parts were ICDQ,InCaSaQ,and SF-36. Results 27 patients completed the follow-up interview,and the median time of CISC is 1 8 months.The average frequency of voiding by catheterization was 3.7 times a day.After the intervention of CISC,the symptoms of voiding difficulty and chronic urinary retention in all the 27 patients were relieved.11.1% of the 27 patients experienced urinary tract infection.The average ICDQ score was 0.4 and 88.9% of them were satisfied with the current states and what they experienced after performing CISC.The average InCaSaQ score was 2.15.The average physical and mental score from SF-36 questionnaire was 76.9 and 79.2 respectively.Conclusions CISC is an easy-to-do operation that relieves retention effectively and protects upper urinary tract function.The incidence of complications is quite low and the influence on quality of life is moderate,making it easy to persist in the long term of bladder management.

Objective: To explore the hot issues and developing trend of the research of campus bulling,and to provide a reference for the research on campus bullying. Methods: The power of research, high-impact authors, highly cited journals, high-frequency keywords, and burst terms related to school bullying from the Web of Science database were analyzed using CiteSpace software. The data collection time was May 9, 2018. Results: A total of 3 561 literature data were obtained. The results showed that the country with the highest number of publications was the United States; England had the highest centrality and was in a critical position in the research. The University of Turku in Finland was the core research institution. Salmivalli C was the author of the highest publication, Olweus D was the most frequent cited author. The high-impact journal was Aggressive Behavior. In terms of high-frequency keywords, the core vocabulary such as bully, adolescence, and victim were listed. Middle school students were the most frequently studied; in the form of bullying, the frequency of violence, aggression, and cyberbully was more common; depression, mental health and health appeared more frequently in terms of bullying outcomes. Mutant words including school children, bullying, victimization, relational aggression were more common. Conclusion The research hotspots on campus bullying during the past decade include violence, gender, social support, and mental health. Bullying among college students will be a hot research topic in the future. Continued efforts should be carried out in the field of campus bullying in China.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of five diarylheptanoids (1-5) isolated from the rhizomes of Zingiber officinale.

METHODVarious models such as scavenging superoxide anions and 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, as well as protecting of rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were employed to assay the antioxidative effects of the diarylheptanoids. The cytotoxicities of compounds 1-5 were measured with MTT assays.

RESULTThe test compounds (1-5) showed promising DPPH inhibitory activities, and compound 5 exhibited the strongest DPPH scavenging activity with an IC50 value of (22.6+/-2.4) micromol x L(-1). Compounds 1, 3 and 4 showed potential anti-peroxidative effects with inhibitory rates of (66.3+/-15.4)%, (68.7+/-15.8)% and (72.2+/-10.6)%, respectively, at 100 microg x mL(-1). It could be observed that compounds 1, 3 and 4 demonstrated significant neuroprotective activities in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, compound 3 exhibited certain cytotoxicities against human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells (K562) and its adriamycin-resistant cells (K562/ADR) with IC50 values of (34.9+/-0.6), (50.6+/-23.5) micromol x L(-1), respectively.

CONCLUSIONIn vitro results demonstrated that five diarylheptanoids (1-5) isolated from the roots of Z. officinale were capable of scavenging radicals, inhibiting lipid peroxidation and protecting PC12 cells against the insult by H2O2. Additionally, compound 3 could inhibit the growth of K562 and K562/ADR cells.

Animals ; Antioxidants ; toxicity ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cytotoxins ; toxicity ; Diarylheptanoids ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; toxicity ; Free Radicals ; metabolism ; Ginger ; chemistry ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; metabolism ; K562 Cells ; Oils, Volatile ; pharmacology ; PC12 Cells ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and genotypes of human rhinovirus (HRV) in patients with upper respiratory tract infection in Qingdao in the winter of 2020.Methods:Throat swab samples were collected from 101 patients with upper respiratory tract infection in Qingdao from November 2020 to January 2021. Quantitative PCR was used to detect 15 common respiratory viruses in the samples. HRV-positive samples were further analyzed with RT-PCR to amplify and sequence HRV VP4/VP2 gene. A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the sequencing results and homology analysis was conducted.Results:Six common respiratory viruses were detected in the 101 patients. Thirty-four cases (34/101, 33.66%) were single pathogen infection and two cases were multiple infection (2/101, 1.98%). The positive rate of HRV was the highest (21.78%, 22/101). Twenty HRV VP4/VP2 sequences were successfully amplified. Phylogenetic analysis showed that there were 16 strains of HRV-A subtype and four strains of HRV-C subtype and 14 serotypes were involved.Conclusions:HRV was one of the leading viral pathogens causing upper respiratory tract infection in Qingdao in the winter of 2020 and the predominant subtype was HRV-A.