Objective:To observe the protective effects of genistein(GST) on the medulla oblongata neurons in ovariectomized rats. Methods:Rats with bilaterally ovariectomized were injected genistein 200 ?g/(kg?d) for 6 weeks. The madlondialdehyde(MDA)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity of medulla oblongata were measured, and the ultrastructure of medulla oblongata neurons were observed. Results:In the GST group,the MDA activity was reduced and SOD activity was increased compared with the OVX group. The ultrastructure of medulla oblongata neurons showed pathological changes in OVX group. These ultrastructure was not find in GST group. Conclusion:GST could protect neurons of medulla oblongata, which might be related to eliminate oxygen free radical.

Objective To investigate the effects of rapamycin on the expression of glioma patients tumor helicase RECQ1.Methods 50 glioma patients admitted to the department of neurosurgery in second hospital of hebei medical university were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups,25 patients in control group,were treated with routine admission surgical treatment;25 cases in the experimental group,firstly were given rapamycin capsule 1 mg,1 times/day orally,took 14 days in a row,and had surgical treatment after stopping drug a week.Glioma tissue samples were taken during the operation,mRNA and protein expression of tumor helicase RECQ1 were detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and Western blot.Results Glioma tumor helicase RECQ1 mRNA expression in the control group increased more significantly than experimental group,the optical density value in control group was(1.657 ±0.748),while the experimental group optical density value was(1.059 ±0.894),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05 );all organizations had the expression of tumor helicase RECQ1 protein,but gliomas tumor helicase RECQ1 protein expression in the experimental group patients(0.952 ±0.021)was significantly lower than that in the control group(1.211 ±0.024),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Rapamycin capsule could reduce the expression of mRNA helicase RECQ1,inhibit DNA glial tumor cells of brain replication,effectively kill cancer cells,control the the progress of brain glioma,and improve prognosis,worth clinical promotion.

This study was aimed to search anti-platelet aggregation effectors from Gardenia jasminoides extract with the employment of platelet affinity extraction method coupled with HPLC, in order to provide pharmacological experi-mental evidences of the selected effectors to verify its feasibility. Under physiological conditions, washed rat platelets were added into G. jasminoides extract and then a mixture was gained. Consequently, some components from G. jas-minoides extract were combined to the platelets in the mixture while some were not owing to their special chemical structures and properties. Firstly, the uncombined components were washed off from the mixture. Secondly, the com-bined components in the leftover was washed down and collected, respectively, right after destroying the occupied platelets' structures. Thirdly, different collected eluents were analyzed, respectively, by HPLC established in the pre-vious work to search the effectors. Fourthly, pharmacological experiments were implemented for confirmation. The re-sults showed that dominant effective components from G. jasminoides extract acting on anti-platelet aggregation were identified as geniposide. Further evident was provided as well by pharmacological experiment that geniposide exhibit-ed significant inhibitory effect on anti-platelet aggregation in rats induced by ADP, rat tail collagen and thrombin(P< 0.01). It was concluded that the platelet affinity extraction-HPLC method proposed in this paper can be utilized to analyze the correlation of effectors from G. jasminoides extract and its pharmacological effects. Moreover, there are some correlations between screened chemical substances and their pharmacological effects.

Objective:To examine the potential influence factors of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA).Methods:A 1∶2 pair-matched, case-control study was conducted from July 2011 to December 2012 .A pair was composed of one AAA patient recruited from the Vascular Surgery Department , Chinese PLA General Hospital and two gender-and age-matched non-AAA subjects , one from the same hospital and the other from the community in Fangshan District in Beijing .Demographic data , medical history and the lifestyle of each subject were collected .Moreover , all the participants underwent abdominal ultra-sound or computed tomography ( CT ) and peripheral venous blood samples were obtained .Results:There were 155 case/control pairs .The multivariate conditional logistic regression model confirmed that suffering from hypertension conferred a 1.98-fold (95%CI 1.12-3.18) increased likelihood of AAA. Smoking was a strong independent risk factor of AAA , with odds ratios ( 95% confidence intervals ) of 5.23 (2.44-11.23).Dyslipidemia(OR=2.61,95%CI 1.45-4.70), a higher level of serum hs-CRP (OR=2.43,95%CI 1.37-4.31) and homocysteine (OR=2.73,95%CI 1.61-4.65) were all asso-ciated with AAA.Conclusion: Hypertension and smoking are the risk factors of AAA .Dyslipidemia, hsCRP and Hcy are associated with AAA .

Objective To construct the molecular transmission networks of HIV-1 CRF01 AE strains circulating in China and to analyze their characteristics. Methods Sequences of the pol genes of Chinese CRF01 AE strains were downloaded from Los Alamos database and the related demographic informa-tion was checked. Transmission networks were created by four steps,including phylogenetic tree construc-tion,transmission cluster extraction,minimum genetic distance identification and network visualization. Chi-square test was performed to analyze the differences in the distribution of different populations in the networks and the differences in the distribution of subjects with different degrees among different sub-populations. De-scriptive analysis was used to investigate the transmission links between sub-populations and various regions. Results The 2 419 sequences constituted 250 separate networks including 847 nodes and 610 edges. The number of subjects covered by different networks ranged from 2 to 25. Subjects with degree ≥2 represented only 26. 4%(224 / 847)of network-individuals,but were connected with 66. 5%(563 / 847)of all network-individuals. There were 37. 6%(669 / 1 781)of men who have sex with men(MSM),28. 4%(102 / 359) of heterosexual men,16. 1%(10 / 62)of intravenous drug users(IDUs)and 30. 4%(66 / 217)of hetero-sexual women involved in the networks(χ2 =23. 774,P﹤0. 001). The percentage of subjects with degree ≥2 was high in MSM(10. 8% ,193 / 1 781)compared to that in heterosexual men(5. 6% ,20 / 359)(P =0. 002)and heterosexual women(4. 6% ,10 / 217)(P=0. 004). Of the 669 MSM in the networks,95. 5%(639 / 669)linked to other MSM and only 2. 4% (16 / 669)linked to heterosexual women. However, 15. 1%(10 / 66)of the heterosexual women in the networks linked to MSM. Of the heterosexual men in the networks,35. 3%(36 / 102)linked to heterosexual women,9. 8%(10 / 102)linked to MSM. Of the sub-jects in the networks,20. 9%(177 / 847)linked to other regions' individuals. Conclusion The super-spreaders played an important role in the molecular transmission networks of HIV-1 CRF01 AE strains even though they were in a minority. The transmission of HIV-1 CRF01 AE strains between sub-populations and various regions was complicated and active.

Objective To explore risk factors of pelvic lymph node (PLN) metastasis in cervical cancer,and to observe the value of PET/CT in diagnosis of PLN metastasis with qualitative and semi-quantitative evaluation.Methods Clinical data of 206 patients with cervical cancer who underwent PLN dissection were respectively analyzed.The age and BMI of patients,pathological type,depth of invasion and International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage of tumor,serum SCC level,lymph node status of PET/CT and tumor SUVmax were analyzed with univariate analysis.Multivariate analysis was performed for indicators with statistically significant variables.The accuracy,sensitivity and specificity of PET/CT in diagnosis of PLN metastasis of cervical cancer were calculated.Besides,the ratios of lymph node 'S SUVmax (SUVmaxLN) to SUVmax of primary tumor (SUVmaxL/T),to liver (SUVmaxL/H) and to arota (SUVmaxL/A) were recorded.ROC curves were plotted,whereas the areas under curve (AUC) were calculated to confirm the best diagnostic cutoff value.Results Univariate analysis showed that age,BMI,pathological type,depth of invasion,FIGO stage,serum SCC level,lymph node status of PET/CT and tumor SUVmax were important factors of PLN metastasis (all P＜0.05).Multivariate analysis revealed that serum SCC levels,depth of invasion,lymph node status of PET/CT and tumor SUVmax were independent predictors of PLN metastasis (P＜0.05).The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of PET/CT in diagnosis of PLN metastasis was 54.90％ (28/51),91.61％ (142/155) and 82.52％ (170/206),respectively.The sensitivity of SUVmaxLN =4.19 was higher than SUVmax =2.5.No significant difference of SUVmaxLN with SUVmaxL/T,with SUVmaxL/H nor with SUVmaxL/A was found.Conclusion Serum SCC levels,depth of invasion,lymph node status of PET/ CT and tumor SUVmax are independent predictors of PLN metastasis.PET/CT has certain value in qualitative and semiquantitative analysis of cervical cancer PLN metastasis.

Objective: To investigate the effects of Paraquat on neural stem cell proliferation in vitro and explore the its mechanism based on DNA methylation pathway. Methods: Nestin, β-tubulin III, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay to evaluate self renewal and differentiation potentia of ReNcell CX human neural stem. The cells were treated with terminal concentrations of 0, 5, 25, 50, and 100μmol/L PQ for 24 hours, and the cells were induced by 50 μmol/L PQ for different time (6, 12, 24, 48 h). Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. The proliferation of neural stem cells was evaluated using Sox2/Brdu and Nestin/Brdu double immunofluorescence staining. The global DNA methylation level was assayed by MethyflashTM methylated DNA Quantification kit. The expression levels of Dnmts mRNA and protein were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR) and Western blot, respectively. Results: Immunofluorescence showed that nestin was primarily expressed in proliferative neural stem cell and peotein biomarkers (β-tubulin III, GFAP) for neuron and astrocyte were expressed in differentiated cells. MTT assay showed PQ induced cell survival rate decrease in a time and dose dependent manner. Double immunfluorescence staining of cells showed colocalization of Sox2 and Brdu. The percentage of Brdu/Sox2 positive cells was significantly lower in the PQ-exposed (25, 50, 100μmol/L PQ treatment) groups compared to control (P<0.05); Meanwhile, The percentage of Brdu/Nestin positive cells was also significantly lower in the PQ-exposed(50,100μmol/L PQ treatment) groups compared to control (P<0.05). The results of global DNA methylation revealed a significant decrease in PQ-exposed groups (P<0.05). Western blot showed that compared with control group, the protein and mRNA levels of Dnmt1, Dnmt3a in PQ-exposed group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), but there was a significant increase in expression level of Dnmt3b in 50, 100 μmol/L PQ-treated group(P<0.05). Conclusion Paraquat could inhibite the proliferation of human neural stem cells through reducing the level of DNA methylation reaction by suppressing the protein expression and transcription of DNA methylated transferase(Dnmts).

Objective: To investigate the roles of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPK) , extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) and c-Jun N-tenninal kinases (JNK) of MAPK signaling pathway in Paraquat-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of type II alveolarepithelial cells. Methods: RLE-6NT cells were incubated with different concentrations of PQ (0, 25, 50, 100μmol/L) for 6, 12 and 24 h. Cell morphology alteration was observed under phase-contrast microscopy. Cell viability was determined using an MTT assay. Cell migration ability was detected using scratch wound assay. Protein expression of P-p38 MAP, P-Erk1/2, P-JNK, E-cad, ZO-1, Vimentin and а-SMA were detected by western blot. The level of genes related to fibrosis (COL-I, COL-III, FN and FSP-1) were analyzed via quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Results: Cell morphology started to undergo EMT changes with a phenotype characteristic of mesenchymal cells, including an elongated shape and a lack of tight cell-cell adhesions induced by 100μmol/L PQ treatment in a time-dependent manner. MTT showed that cell viability decreased with increasing PQ concentration (50、100、200、300 μmol/L PQ treatment for 24 h) and increasing treatment time (200 μmol/L PQ treatment for 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 h) . Compared to control group, the expressions of the epithelial phenotype marker E-cad and ZO-1 significantly decreased with PQ treatment (50, 100μmol/L) in a time-dependent manner (P<0.05) . Additionally, the level of the mesenchymal marker (a-SMA, vimentin) dramatically increased with PQ treatment in the same concentration-and time-dependent manner (P<0.05) . Cell migration ability was markedly increased after 24 h of 100 μmol/L PQ treatment compared to control (P<0.05) . The phosphorylated forms of p38 MAPK, Erk1/2, and JNK were increased at 24 h after stimulation with PQ (P<0.05) . This PQ induced (100 μmol/L) phosphorylation was markedly attenuated in the presence of the p38 MAPK, ERK and JNK inhibitors (SB-203580, SP-600125 and PD98059) respectively. Furthermore, RT-PCR showed that PQ significantly induced the upregulation expression of COL I and III mRNA, Fn, and FSP-1 mRNA (P<0.05) . Conclusion PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis occurs via EMT, which is mediated by the MAPK pathway.

Objective To compare the diagnostic performance of PI-RADS v2.1 and PI-RADS v2 in the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer(csPCa) by Meta-analysis. Methods The major biomedical databases were searched (CNKI, CBM, Medline, and Embase) with the keywords "PIRADS v2.1" or "PI-RADS v2.1". The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies Tool v2 (QUADAS-2) was used to evaluate literature quality. Meta-analysis was performed using STATA17.0 and ReMan5.4 software. Forest plots were used to represent the sensitivity and specificity of PI-RADS v2.1 and PI-RADS v2 for each study. Sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio were combined, and diagnostic performance was evaluated using asummary receiver operating characteristic curve (SROC). Subgroup analysis was performed on three covariables: tumor location, threshold, and the nationality of authors. Results A total of 12 studies were included, involving 3 158 patients and 3 243 lesions. Forall zones and the whole gland, PI-RADS v2.1 had a larger area under the SROC curve (AUC) for csPCa performance, compared with PI-RADS v2. Subgroup analysis: PI-RADS v2.1 also had a larger area under the SROC (AUC) to detect transitional zone csPCa. Different diagnostic thresholds: when a score of 4 was used for the threshold, PI-RADS v2.1 had the maximum area under SROC (AUC) for csPCa performance detection. Author nationality: Researches of PI-RADS v2.1 in Chinese authors had the largest area under the SROC (AUC) in detecting csPCa performance. Conclusion Compared with PI-RADS v2, the diagnostic performance of PI-RADS v2.1 in detecting csPCa is not obviously improved and overall specificity is still low.

Objective:To estimate the incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer in China in 2015.Methods:The data from 501 cancer registries in China collected by the National Cancer Center were reviewed and evaluated, and the qualified data were included in the final analysis. According to the national population data in 2015, the nationwide incidence and mortality of the prostate cancer were estimated. Chinese standard population in 2000 and world Segi′s population were used to calculate the age-standardized (ASR) incidence and mortality rates (ASR China and world, respectively).Results:After data review, the data reported by 368 registries were included in the final analysis, covering a total population of 309 553 499, accounting for 22.52% of the national population at the end of 2015. There were 72 thousand new prostate cancer cases estimated in China in 2015, with a crude incidence rate of 10.23/100 000. The ASR China and ASR world are 6.59/100 000 and 6.47/100 000, respectively, which is the sixth incidence of male malignant tumor.The estimated number of prostate cancer death was 3.07 thousand in China in 2015, with a crude mortality rate of 4.36/100 000; The ASR China and ASR world mortality rates were 2.61/100 000 and 2.65/100 000, respectively, which is the tenth leading cause of death in male malignant tumor.The ASR China incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in males were higher in urban areas (8.40/100 000 and 3.11/100 000) than those in rural areas (4.16/100 000 and 1.90/100 000). The incidence and mortality rates in the eastern areas (8.54/100 000 and 2.99/100 000) were higher than those in the central (5.28/100 000 and 2.34/100 000) and western areas (5.32/100 000 and 2.37/100 000) of China.Conclusions:The incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer in China are lower than the global average, but there is an increasing trend. The incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in China have obvious regional differences.