Objective To analyze the effect of different doses of sufentanil combined with ropivacaine in labor analgesia and its adverse events.Methods According to the digital table,90 vaginal delivery women were randomly divided into group A,groupB and group C,each group 30 cases,which all used epidural anesthesia.Group A chosen 0.5％ ropivacaine 20ml,and group B chosen 0.5％ ropivacaine tetracaine 20ml + sufentanil 5μg,and group C used 0.5％ ropivacaine 20ml + sufentanil 10μg.The visual analogue score(VAS),modified Bromage score,incidence of adverse reactions of pregnant women at different time points were compared.Results (1) At 10min,60min after medication and the cervix openning whole,the VAS scores of pregnant women in group B were significantly lower than those in group A(t =5.5089,5.9342,4.2642,all P ＜0.05),and at 10min,60min after medication,the cervix openning whole and at 1 h after medication,the VAS scores of pregnant women in group C were significantly lower than those in group A (t =13.9558,6.7654,5.2154,all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group B,the VAS scores of pregnant women in group C at 10 min and 60 min after medication were significantly lower(t =7.4353,4.2165,3.6865,all P＜0.05).(2)The itching rate in group C (26.67％) was significantly higher than that in group B(3.33％) and group A (0) (χ2 =4.7059,7.0673,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion In epidural analgesia,5 μg sufentanil + 0.5 ％ ropivacaine 20ml analgesic has good effect and less adverse reactions,which can be used widely.

Objective To detect both the protein and gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP 2,MMP 9) and its tissue inhibitor (TIMP 2) in tissues of bladder transitional cell carcinoma (BTCC), and to study the correlation with the grading and staging of the neoplasm and with the prognosis. Methods 41 human BTCC ,15 normal bladder tissue were studied by Western Blot and RT PCR analysis followed by computer assisted image analysis in order to detect the A values of their expression. Results In BTCC, the A value of MMP 2, MMP 9 were increased significantly as compared to normal bladder epithelium. There was no statistical significant difference of A value of TIMP 2 between normal bladder tissue and bladder cancer tissue. The ratio of MMP 2/TIMP 2 in bladder cancer showed statistical significantly difference as compared with normal bladder tissue. Conclusions This study demonstrated there was a high expression of MMP 2 and MMP 9 in BTCC,by which collagen Ⅳ inside basement membrane of bladder was damaged.However, the ratio of MMP 2/TIMP 2 has more prognostic value than the expression of MMP 2 and MMP 9 alone.

Objective To investigate the different characteristics of gastrointestinal migrating myoelectrical complex (MMC) of different origin in fasting state and the effects of motilin (MTL) and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on the MMC of the gastrointestinal tract of different origin in rats. Methods Three bipolar silver electrodes were chronically implanted on the antrum, duodenum and jejunum. Seven days later twenty-four experimental rats were divided into two groups. One group were injected with porcine MTL via sublingual vein, while the other group was perfused with UDCA into the stomach. The gastrointestinal myoelectrical activity was recorded one hour before and two hours after the test substances infusions on these conscious fasting rats. Results Among the total sixty-eight MMCs recorded in fasting rats under control, 67% started in the duodenum, and 33% started in the antrum. The MMC cycle duration and duration of phase Ⅲ of antral origin were longer than those of duodenal origin. Administration of porcine MTL could induce a premature antral phase Ⅲ of antral origin. However, perfusion into the stomach with UDCA resulted in a shorter MMC cycle duration and longer duration of phase Ⅲ of duodenal origin. Conclusion In fasting rats, MMC may originate from the antrum and duodenum, respectively. The different characteristics of MMC of different origin may contribute to the large variations within subjects. Pocrine MTL and UDCA can affect the MMC of different origin of the gastrointestinal tract in fasting state.

Medical college of Xi`an Jiaotong university offered the functional experiment course in 1997. The courseincludes the basic knowledge of medical scientific research, the experimental design and the implementation of theexperiment, totally 24 hours. The course determines the key role of students in teaching, cultivates their ability to studyindependently and raises their comprehensive ability. The course assessment shows a good result.[

Objective:To investigate the animal model of guinea pig chronic heart failure and compensatory hypertrophy. Methods:Thirteen chronic heart failure models were made by placing a constricting band around the ascending aorta of guinea pigs,raised in the same house of 10 normal guinea pigs. The contrasting indexes in 6 weeks include: clinical features, hemodynamics, the mass ratio of ventricular over body, the width of left ventriculat hypertrophy. Results:One model died, 4 models without dyspnea showed increasing in left ventricular pressure and the mass ratio of ventricular over body, whereas the left ventricular end diastolic pressure showecl no significant different. Eight models with dyspnea showed striking increasing in left ventricular pressure and left ventricular end diastolic pressure, as well as the mass ratio of ventricular over body and the width of left ventricular hypertrophy. Conclusion:The animal model of guinea pig chronic heart failure and compensatory hypertrophy may be formed by constricting the ascending aortas of guinea pigs for 6 weeks.

Objective To establish a high purity primary culture methods of human nasal epithelial cells (HNEC) in vitro and to provide a successful primary culture model for evaluation experiments of the nasal preparation .Methods Primary culture of human nasal epithelial cells were performed with enzymatic dissociation of isolated tissue and cultured in serum-free medium .HNEC were separated through magnetic field by immunomagnetic beads .We determined the purity of the separated cells by light microscopy and flow cytometry .The morphology of HNEC was observed with a scanning electron microscope .Results Under an inverted phase microscope ,the cells morphology was paving stone shaped .Under the scanning electron microscopy ,abundant microvilli and cilia differentiation were observed .Flow cytometry showed the epithelial cells accounted for 99% .Conclusion The highly purified HNEC can be directly isolated by the magnetic cell sorting system .The cell model can be used for the basic research of nasal cavity preparation .

Objective To study the effect of background music on spatial long-term learning and memory in rats.Methods Morris' water maze was used to examine the mean latencies and strategies of the rats to the target while playing rock music(RM) and light music(LM).The long-term memory was tested on day 7 after the training sessions.Results During Morris' water maze training,no significant difference was found in the mean latencies and the strategies to the target between RM and LM groups as well as LM and the normal control(NC) groups.But the mean latency in RM group was significantly longer than that in the NC group.The average percentage of straight strategy in RM group was significantly smaller than that in the NC group.The examination of memories,when tested on day 7 after the end of training,indicated that the mean latencies and the strategies to the target as well as the time taken to cross the target in the three groups were not significantly different.Conclusion Background rock music can influence the spatial learning ability,but not the spatial long-term memory.On the other hand,there is no effect in the spatial long-term learning and memory when light background music is played.

The teaching reform on functional experiment is an attractive problem of the medical teaching development at present. Our school has opened the course of functional experiment according to integrating and recombining with physiology, pathologic physiology and pharmacology, which brought into playing a positive role in enhancing the medical students' capability of practice, the comprehensive application of knowledge and the consciousness of innovation. However, some problems still exist and further practice is needed for more improvement.

This study was aimed to search anti-platelet aggregation effectors from Gardenia jasminoides extract with the employment of platelet affinity extraction method coupled with HPLC, in order to provide pharmacological experi-mental evidences of the selected effectors to verify its feasibility. Under physiological conditions, washed rat platelets were added into G. jasminoides extract and then a mixture was gained. Consequently, some components from G. jas-minoides extract were combined to the platelets in the mixture while some were not owing to their special chemical structures and properties. Firstly, the uncombined components were washed off from the mixture. Secondly, the com-bined components in the leftover was washed down and collected, respectively, right after destroying the occupied platelets' structures. Thirdly, different collected eluents were analyzed, respectively, by HPLC established in the pre-vious work to search the effectors. Fourthly, pharmacological experiments were implemented for confirmation. The re-sults showed that dominant effective components from G. jasminoides extract acting on anti-platelet aggregation were identified as geniposide. Further evident was provided as well by pharmacological experiment that geniposide exhibit-ed significant inhibitory effect on anti-platelet aggregation in rats induced by ADP, rat tail collagen and thrombin(P< 0.01). It was concluded that the platelet affinity extraction-HPLC method proposed in this paper can be utilized to analyze the correlation of effectors from G. jasminoides extract and its pharmacological effects. Moreover, there are some correlations between screened chemical substances and their pharmacological effects.

OBJECTIVESTo detect the level of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) mRNA and the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) mRNA in bladder transitional cell carcinoma (BTCC), and to estimate the prognosis for bladder tumor based on the quality and quantity of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 mRNA.

METHODSThirty-five samples of human BTCC and 15 normal fresh bladder tissues were studied by RT-PCR analysis followed by computer-assisted image analysis.

RESULTSThe level of the MMP-2 mRNA in BTCC was significantly increased compared with that in normal bladder epithelium. The positive rates of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 mRNA were 71.4% and 65.7% in BTCC, and 66.7% and 60.0% in the normal bladder wall. The expression intensity of the MMP-2 mRNA by image analysis tended to increase with tumor grading and staging, which showed statistical significance. Similarly, the MMP-2 to TIMP-2 ratio also showed statistically significant difference between normal bladder tissue and bladder carcinoma (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSA high level of the MMP-2 mRNA exists in BTCC, which may function to damage collagen IV inside the basement membrane and the extracellular basement of the bladder. The level of the MMP-2 mRNA is proportional to BTCC grading and staging, which may have prognostic value. The MMP-2 to TIMP-2 ratio may play a more significant role in the determination of the aggressiveness and prognosis of bladder tumor.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; genetics ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prognosis ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 ; genetics ; Urinary Bladder ; metabolism ; pathology ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology