Objective To observe the effect of cardiac massage by subdiaphragmatic compression (D-CPR) on the length of time required from cardiac arrest (CA) to restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC),hemodynamics,rate of ROSC,survival rate of 6 h,level of Caspase3 in myocardial cells and apoptosis index (AI) of myocardial cells and compare the effect of standard cardiac massage by chest compression (S-CPR) on those variables in order to choose the more effective resuscitation method for the patient with CA during abdomen operations.Methods A total of 32 healthy New Zealand rabbit were randomly (random number) divided into two groups,namely S-CPR group and D-CPR group (n =16 in each group).All of rabbits were anesthetized with ketamine and Shumianxin (a kind of hypnotics) by intraperitoneal injection,subsequently tracheotomy was made for endotracheal intubation,and right internal jugular vein was catheterized for monitoring central venous pressure (CVP) and left common carotid artery was for indwelling cannula to monitor arterial blood pressure.Lead-2 of ECG was placed.After laparotomy and vital signs of rabbits stabilized for 5 minutes,the endotracheal tube was clamped at the end expiration for 8 minutes to make asphyxial cardiac arrest model.The effects of two different methods were observed and compared in respects of changes in hemodynamics、length of time elapsed from CA to ROSC、ROSC rate and the survival rate in 6 h.The level of Caspase3 in myocardial cells and AI of myocardial cells were detected by using immunohistochemistry staining method and TUNEL,respectively 6 hours after successful resuscitation.Results ①The length of time consumed fiom CA to ROSC in D-CPR group was shorter than that in S-CPR group (P ＜0.05) ②Coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) and MAP 15 minutes after CPR were higher in D-CPR group than those in S-CPR group (P ＜ 0.05).③SBP and DBP after ROSC were higher in D-CPR group than those in S-CPR group.④ROSC rate in D-CPR group was significantly higher than that in S-CPR group (81％ vs.43％,P ＜0.05).⑤Survival rate in 6h in D-CPR group was substantially higher than that in S-CPR group (75％ vs.25％,P ＜ 0.05).⑥HE staining showed that severe myocardial damage manifesting in edema of myocardial cell,indistinguishable cell boundary,and patchy necrosis with infiltration of scanty inflammatory cells were found in S-CPR group.While in D-CPR group,mild myocardial damage in form of slight cellular edema and distinctive cell boundary was observed.⑦Level of Caspase3 in myocardial cells in terms of integrated optical density (IOD) of postive Caspase3 cells was substantially lower in D-CPR group than that in S-CPR group (P ＜ 0.05).⑧Apoptosis index (AI) of cells was lower in D-CPR group than that in S-CPR group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions ①The hemodynamics in D-CPR group was more stable than that in S-CPR.group,and D-CPR increased CPP,MAP,ROSC rate and survival rate in 6h,improving achievement of successful resuscitation.②D-CPR was more effective in terms of shortening the length of time for restoration of spontaneous circulation、decreasing level of Caspase3 in myocardial cells、decreasing apoptosis index of myocardial cells and ameliotating myocardial damage from ischemic repeffusion injury.

Objective To observe the changes of high mobility group box 1(HMGB1) and nuclear factorκB(NF‐κB) expres‐sion in the hippocampus of rats after cardiopulmonary resuscitation so as to unravel the role of HMGB 1 and NF‐κB in neuroin flam‐mation .Methods Totally 40 Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly divided into shame‐operated group and recover group [including 2 ,6 ,12 ,24 and 48 h of 5sub‐groups after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC)] .The animals were sacrificed and hippo‐campus were removed at the indicated time .Pathological changes were observed at each time point .The expression of HMGB1 and NF‐κB were determined using RT‐PCR and Western blot respectively .Results There were no histopathological in the hippocampus of rats in shame‐operated group ,brain tissue appeared change of ischemia pathology in recover group ,it was the most severest at ROSC 24 h and still obviously at ROSC 48 h time point .HMGB1 mRNA and NF‐κB mRNA expression in the hippocampus of rats of recover group increased obviously along with the prolongation of time following ROSC and reached its peak at ROSC 24 h(P<0 . 01) ,much higher than that of shame‐operated group ;the HMGB1 level in the hippocampus of rats after recover significantly de‐clined at 2 h after ROSC and increased obviously at 6 ,12 h and reached peak 24 h later ,then decreased 48 h later(P<0 .01) ,there was positive correlation between the expression of HMGB1 and NF‐κB protein .Conclusion HMGB1/NF‐κB signaling pathway may play an important role in the early stages of brain injury after cardiopulmonary resuscitation .Targeted therapies of this path way would be possible to open a new avenue for preventing neuroinflammation after recover .

Objective_To investigate the role of HMGB1 involved in the activation of P38MAPK signal pathway in the hippocampus of rats after cardiopulmonary resuscitation.Methods_Rats were randomly divided into two groups as shame-operated group, CPR group including 2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after restoration of spontaneous circulation ( ROSC) (5sub-groups) .The animals were sacrificed and hippocampus were removed at the indicated time.Patholog-ical changes were examined at each time point.Calculated the brain water content by day/wet ration.The HMGB1 mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR technique.The expressions of HMGB1 and P38MAPK activity were deter-mined using Western blot.Results_There were no histopathological change in the hippocampus of rats in shame-op-erated group, brain tissue appeared change of ischemia pathology in CPR group, it was the most severest at ROSC 24 h.The brain water content, HMGB1 mRNA in rats of CPR group increased obviously along with the prolongation of time following ROSC and reached its peak at ROSC 24 h(P<0.01),much higher than that of shame-operated group, the HMGB1 level in the hippocampus of rats after CPR significantly declined at 2 h after ROSC(P<0.01)and increased obviously at 6, 12 h and reached peak 24 h later(P<0.01), the P38MAPK activity in the hippo-campus of rats after CPR, significantly increased at 2 h after ROSC and reached peak 6 h later(P<0.01), then declined slowly later, much higher than that of shame-operated group.Conclusions_HMGB1 involved in the acti-vation of P38 MAPK signal pathway may play an important role in the early stages of brain injury after CPR.

Objective To investigate the causes of disease condition changes after the patients' transfer from intensive care unit (ICU) into the general wards. Methods From January 2013 to December 2018, the patients with improvement of disease condition in comprehensive ICU were transferred into the general wards of the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang and their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. The general information of patients was collected, such as gender, age, underlying diseases, heavy smoking, acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ(APACHEⅡ) and Glasgow coma score (GCS) in 24 hours, length of stay in ICU, average levels of oxygenation index and respiratory rates during the stay in ICU and on the day transfer from ICU, GCS score on the day of transfer from ICU, presence or absence of invasive ventilation,the time of invasive ventilation, sepsis or its absence, the situation of community or hospital acquired pneumonia, etc, and the classification of the disease changes after transfer. The patients were divided into a disease situation change group (change group) and a disease situation stable group (stable group) according to whether there was any change in the disease situation in the general ward or not, the patients were divided into respiratory complications group and non-respiratory complications group. The risk factors that may influence the change of the disease condition were analyzed by multiple-factor Logistic regression. Results From January 2013 to December 2018, there were 2 451 patients treated in comprehensive ICU, of that 1 293 were transferred into the general wards for further treatment. Among the patients transferred to the general ward, 628 cases' conditions were changed.① The respiratory complications were the most common changes (345 cases, 54.9%) in patients after the transfer from ICU, followed by cardiovascular complications (118 cases, 18.8%) and surgery-related complications (96 cases, 15.3%).② The proportions of underlying diseases and heavy smoking in the change group were significantly higher than those in the stable group [24.4% (153/628) vs. 7.8% (52/665), 40.3% (253/628) vs. 24.2% (161/665), all P < 0.05]. Compared with the stable group, the average oxygenation index [mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 238.91±71.14 vs. 291.74±63.64], and the turn-out day oxygenation index (mmHg: 261.23±58.11 vs. 301.00 ±58.25) were lower in the change group, while the proportion of applying invasive ventilation [64.2% (403/628) vs. 47.4% (315/665)], and the duration of invasive ventilation [days: 5 (2-9) vs. 3 (2-7)] were higher in the change group, the differences being all statistical significant (all P < 0.05). ③ Compared with the non-respiratory complications group, the average oxygenation index in the respiratory complications group was lower (mmHg: 216.43±67.17 vs. 264.85±78.46), the turn-out day oxygenation index was lower (mmHg: 250.72±74.93 vs. 274.87±81.79), and invasive ventilation ratio was higher [77.4% (267/345) vs. 48.1% (136/283)], the differences being statistically significant (all P < 0.05).④ Logistic regression analysis showed that the underlying diseases [odds ratio (OR) = 1.522], heavy smoking (OR = 2.314), and average oxygenation index (OR = 1.821) were the independent risk factors for patients in the general wards occurring disease situation changes after transfer from ICU (all P < 0.05). Conclusions The patients with following factors: underlying diseases, heavy smoking, low average oxygenation index during ICU stay, low oxygenation level on the day of transfer, application of invasive ventilation and long ventilation time are more easily to occur complications of respiratory system in the general wards after transfer from ICU; among the above related factors, the underlying diseases, heavy smoking and average oxygenation index are the independent risk factors for patients' occurrence of disease situation changes after transfer from ICU. Therefore, the patients with these risk factors, the evaluation and monitoring of the disease situation should be strengthened before and after patients' transfer from ICU. and the changes of patients' condition are mostly respiratory complications. Among them, combined underlying diseases, severe smoking and average oxygenation index are the independent risk factors for patients who have condition changes transferred from ICU. For patients with these risk factors, evaluation and monitoring should be strengthened before and after patients are transferred from ICU.

Objective:To compared the positive rate of anal swab nucleic acid test and clinical characteristics of critical and general coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.Methods:Clinical data of 18 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang City from February to March 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into general group ( n = 11) and critical ill group ( n = 7) according to the severity of the disease. The differences of gender, age, epidemiological characteristics, fever duration after admission, underlaying disease, positive rate of anal swab nucleic acid test at admission and two times of negative pharyngeal swab test were compared between the two groups. Results:There were no significant differences in gender, age, fever duration after admission or underlaying disease between the two groups. The number of anorectal swab positive cases in critically ill group was significantly higher than that in general group (cases: 4 vs. 1, P = 0.047). After two negative pharyngeal swab nucleic acid test, the number of anal swab positive cases in critical illness group was still higher than that in general group (cases: 2 vs. 0), but the difference was not statistically significant ( P = 0.137). The number of non-local infection in critical ill group was significantly higher than that in general group (cases: 4 vs. 0, P = 0.047). All of the 4 non-local infected patients had a history of living in Wuhan. Conclusions:The patients with anorectal swab nucleic acid positive may have a more serious condition. It may be a risk to transfer ill patients out of the isolation ward by the criteria of only two times of negative pharyngeal swab nucleic acid test. Patients returning to our city after infection in Wuhan may be more serious.

Objective To investigate the clinical correlations between mechanical power (MP) and lung ultrasound score (LUS), and analyze their evaluation value of prognosis in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods Patients with moderate to severe ARDS, who underwent invasive mechanical ventilation admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) of the Lianyungang Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 2017 to March 2019 were enrolled. The MP and LUS were recorded 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours after ICU admission. The patients were divided into death group and survival group according to the 28-day prognosis. The trends of MP and LUS in the two groups and their differences between groups were analyzed. Then the MP and LUS were analyzed by bivariate correlation analysis, and their correlations with acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ (APACHEⅡ), sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA), oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2), and blood lactate (Lac) were also analyzed. The predictive value of MP and LUS 0 hour and 72 hours in ICU for 28-day mortality in patients with moderate to severe ARDS was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results At the end, 83 patients were enrolled, with 32 died and 51 survived in 28-day. The Lac level, APACHEⅡ and SOFA in the death group were significantly higher than those in the survival group, while PaO2/FiO2 was significantly lower than the survival group, and the other baseline indicators were not statistically significant between the two groups. As the treatment time increased, the MP and LUS of the survival group showed a significant decrease trend, while the death group showed a significant upward trend. The MP and LUS of the death group 0, 24, 48, 72 hours after ICU admission were significantly higher than those of the survival group [MP (J/min): 20.97±3.34 vs. 17.20±4.71, 21.56±3.48 vs. 16.87±3.85, 22.72±2.97 vs. 16.13±3.52, 25.81±3.46 vs. 15.24±3.78; LUS: 19.17±3.31 vs. 16.27±4.28, 20.28±3.65 vs. 15.27±3.23, 21.53±4.32 vs. 13.63±3.71, 23.94±3.82 vs. 12.53±2.94, all P < 0.05]. There was a significant positive correlation between MP and LUS 0, 24, 48, 72 hours after ICU admission (r value was 0.547, 0.577, 0.754, and 0.783, respectively, all P < 0.01). The MP and LUS at 0 hour of ICU admission were significantly positively correlated with SOFA and PaO2/FiO2 (r value was 0.421, 0.450, and 0.409, 0.536, respectively, all P < 0.01), but no correlation with Lac and APACHEⅡ was found. The ROC curve analysis showed that the MP and LUS at 0 hour and 72 hours had predictive value for the 28-day mortality [the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of MP was 0.836, 0.867; and the AUC of LUS was 0.820, 0.891, all P < 0.01]. Conclusions There was a significant correlation between MP and LUS in patients with moderate to severe ARDS. The MP and LUS could be used early to evaluate the 28-day prognosis of patients with moderate to severe ARDS.

objective:To observe the effect of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy on patients with acute respiratory failure after gastrointestinal operation under general anesthesia and its efficacy on prognosis.Methods:Totally 107 patients with acute respiratory failure after gastrointestinal operation under general anesthesia in ICU of our hospital were selected from January 2017 to June 2019. Patients were randomly divided into the HFNC group ( n=57) and non-invasive ventilation (NIV) group ( n=50). The changes of pH, PaO 2, PaCO 2, PaO 2/FiO 2, SpO 2, heart rate (HR), respiration rate (RR), and intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) before and after oxygen treatment were compared. The differences of comfort level, duration of oxygen treatment, re-intubation rate, 48-h pulmonary infection rate, incidence of anastomotic fistula, length of stay in ICU, length of hospital stay, hospitalization cost, and 28-day mortality were compared between the two groups. The t test of two independent samples was used for the comparison of normal measurement data. Non-normal data were expressed by median (quartile), fractional count data by case number (percentage), and comparison between the two groups by Chi-square test. Results:PaO 2, PaCO 2, PaO 2/FiO 2 and SpO 2 were not significantly different after 2-h oxygen therapy. PH of the HFNC group was lower than that of the NIV group (7.39 ± 0.04 vs. 7.42 ± 0.03), PaO 2, PaCO 2, PaO 2/FiO 2 and SpO 2 were higher than that of the NIV group [ (89.22 ± 8.70) vs. (84.99± 9.76) mmHg, (41.3 ± 3.43) vs. (39.34 ± 4.21) mmHg, (250.07 ± 18.34) vs. (237.89±19.38) mmHg, (96.14 ± 2.19) vs. (94.78 ± 2.76)%, P <0.05]; pH, PaO 2, PaCO 2, PaO 2 /FiO 2 and SpO 2 were significantly higher in the HFNC group than those in the NIV group [ (7.39 ± 0.04) vs. (7.36 ± 0.04) ; (97.2 ± 12.45) vs. (93.82 ± 12.54) mmHg; (40.84 ± 5.22) vs. (45.10 ± 6.40) mmHg; (277.16 ± 13.98) vs. (248.86 ± 12.81) mmHg, (98.14 ± 1.64)% vs. (95.48 ± 2.71) %] after 12 h oxygen treatment. The HR, RR and IAP of the HFNC group were lower than those of the NIV group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P <0.05). The duration of oxygen therapy in the HFNC group was shorter than that in the NIV group [(32.01 ± 7.57) vs. (40.88 ± 8.89) h], the reintubation rate was lower than that in the NIV group (1.75% vs. 12%), the pulmonary infection rate within 48 h oxygen therapy was lower than that in the NIV group (8.78% vs.30%), and the length of stay in ICU was shorter than that in the NIV group [(5.61 ± 1.73) vs. (7.60 ± 2.31) d], and the hospitalization cost was lower than that in the NIV group ( t = 4.822, P <0. 05). Conclusions:HFNC can improve the oxygenation index of patients with hypoxemia after gastrointestinal operation under general anesthesia, reduce oxygen treatment time, reduced reintubation rate, reduce pulmonary infection rate within 48 h, and improve the prognosis.

Objective To investigate the application of peripheral perfusion index (PPI) in early diagnosis and goal-directed therapy of septic shock, and to provide reference for the early clinical diagnosis and treatment of septic shock. Methods A prospective single-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted. Adult patients with sepsis admitted to emergency medical department and intensive care unit (ICU) of the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang City in Jiangsu Province from January 2013 to December 2016 were enrolled. The patients were randomly divided into two groups (n = 46). The PPI group was defined using PPI < 1.4 as diagnosis of septic shock standard, and PPI > 2 as treatment guide target. Control group was defined according to the traditional diagnostic criteria of shock which systolic blood pressure was less than 90 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) or systolic blood pressure value decrease> 40 mmHg baseline and bundle treatment was performed. The volume of fluid resuscitation, organ dysfunction, the sequential organ failure score (SOFA), acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ (APACHE Ⅱ) score,continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) time, mechanical ventilation (MV) time, the length of ICU stay and 28-day mortality were observed. Results There were 39 and 27 septic shock patients in PPI group and control group respectively. The diagnostic criteria of traditional septic shock with blood pressure as "gold standard", the sensitivity of PPI < 1.4 for septic shock was 94.3%, the specificity was 28.2%, the authenticity was 66.3%, the positive predictive value was 64.1%, the negative predictive value was 78.6%, the positive likelihood ratio was 1.31, the negative likelihood ratio was 0.18. The per capita fluid replacement within 24 hours in the PPI group was significantly higher than that in the control group (mL: 4 601±1 250 vs. 3 458±1 006, P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference in the per capita volume of the patients diagnosed as septic shock (mL: 4 596±1 320 vs. 4 205±1 058, P > 0.05). Compared with the control group, the PPI group treated patients within 48 hours with less vascular active drugs (cases: 6 vs. 15), APACHE Ⅱand SOFA score were lower (48 hours: APACHE Ⅱ was 10.2±2.1 vs. 12.0±3.2; 72 hours: SOFA was 5.1±1.8 vs. 6.0±2.1, APACHE Ⅱ was 8.9±1.8 vs. 9.8±2.2), the period of CRRT and the length of ICU stay were shorter [the period of CRRT (days): 3.0±0.9 vs. 3.6±1.4, the length of ICU stay (days): 5.2±2.1 vs. 6.3±2.9), the difference was statistically significant (all P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the liver and kidney function index, arterial blood lactic acid (Lac), MV time (days: 3.3±1.4 vs. 3.5±1.2) and 28-day mortality (15.22% vs. 19.57%) between two groups (all P > 0.05). Conclusions The inadequacy of microcirculatory perfusion by oximetry-derived PPI is more sensitive to the diagnosis of septic shock than hypotension of systemic circulation. With PPI guiding the fluid resuscitation of septic shock patients, vasopressors can be withdrawn earlier and the duration of the CRRT and ICU can be decreased.

Objective: To analyze the effect of interposed abdominal pulling-pressing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (IAPP-CPR) and standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation (S-CPR) on hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in patients with cardiac arrest, and to evaluate the treatment effect of IAPP-CPR. Methods: The patients with cardiac arrest, cardiac arrest time less than 30 minutes, and with S-CPR indications admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) of the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang from January 2017 to January 2019 were enrolled. The patients were divided into IAPP-CPR group and S-CPR group according to whether the patients had IAPP-CPR indication or not. The patients in the S-CPR group were operated according to the 2015 American Heart Association (AHA) CPR guidelines; and the patients in the IAPP-CPR group received the IAPP-CPR on the basis of the S-CRP. During the relaxation period, the patients were subjected to abdominal lifting and compressing with amplitude of 4-5 cm, frequency of 100-120 times/min, and the time ratio of lifting to compressing was 1∶1. Hemodynamic changes during resuscitation were recorded in the two groups. Hemodynamics, oxygen metabolism, arterial blood gas analysis and prognostic indicators were recorded at 30 minutes after successful resuscitation. Results: During the study period, 77 patients were selected, 24 patients were excluded from giving up treatment and quitting, 53 patients were enrolled in the analysis finally, with 28 patients in the S-CPR group and 25 in the IAPP-CPR group. ① The heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) showed an upward trend during resuscitation, and a more significant increase was shown in the IAPP-CPR group. ② Hemodynamics after successful resuscitation: there were 16 patients with successful resuscitation in the IAPP-CPR group and 13 in the S-CPR group. The MAP, CPP, global ejection fraction (GEF) and stroke volume (SV) of patients with successful resuscitation at 30 minutes after resuscitation in the IAPP-CPR group were significantly higher than those in the S-CPR group [MAP mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 52.88±3.11 vs. 39.39±4.62, CPP (mmHg): 36.56±6.89 vs. 29.61±6.92, GEF: 0.217±0.036 vs. 0.178±0.027, SV (mL): 38.43±5.25 vs. 32.92±8.28, all P < 0.05], but there was no significant difference in central venous pressure (CVP) or HR between the two groups. ③ Oxygen metabolism after successful resuscitation: the cardiac output (CO), arterial oxygen content (CaO₂), oxygen transport (DO₂) and oxygen consumption (VO₂) of patients with successful resuscitation at 30 minutes after resuscitation in the IAPP-CPR group were significantly higher than those in the S-CPR group [CO (L/min): 2.23±0.38 vs. 1.99±0.29, CaO₂ (mL/L): 158.0±11.8 vs. 141.4±8.2, DO₂ (mL/L): 245.8±29.9 vs. 209.1±28.0, VO₂ (mL/L): 138.2±24.9 vs. 112.8±18.1, all P < 0.05]. ④ Arterial blood gas after successful resuscitation: the values of the pH, arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (PaO₂/FiO₂) and central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO₂) of patients with successful resuscitation at 30 minutes after resuscitation in the IAPP-CPR were significantly higher than those in the S-CPR group [pH value: 7.13±0.22 vs. 7.00±0.23, PaO₂ (mmHg): 73.68±13.80 vs. 65.32±15.32, PaCO₂ (mmHg): 36.24±11.77 vs. 29.12±7.82, PaO₂/FiO₂ (mmHg): 73.68±13.80 vs. 65.32±15.32, ScvO₂: 0.628±0.074 vs. 0.589±0.066, all P < 0.05], and the blood lactic acid (Lac) level was significantly lower than that in the S-CPR group (mmoL/L: 9.80±4.28 vs. 12.18±3.63, P < 0.05). ⑤ The patients in the IAPP-CPR group had a shorter time for cardiac arrest to restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) than that in the S-CPR group (minutes: 10.63±2.94 vs. 14.54±3.84, P < 0.01), and the rate of ROSC, CPR successful rate and 28-day survival rate were significantly higher than those in the S-CPR group [64.0% (16/25) vs. 46.4% (13/28), 60.0% (15/25) vs. 28.6% (8/28), 52.0% (13/25) vs. 21.4% (6/28), all P < 0.05]. There was no significant difference in incidence of rib fracture between the IAPP-CPR and S-CPR groups [92.0% (23/25) vs. 89.3% (25/28), P > 0.05], and no abdominal bleeding was found in both group. Conclusion IAPP-CPR can produce better hemodynamic effect during and after resuscitation than S-CPR, and oxygen metabolism and arterial blood gas analysis parameters at 30 minutes after resuscitation were better than S-CPR, with higher ROSC rate, CPR successful rate and 28-day survival rate, and no significant difference in complications between the two resuscitation methods.

Objective: To systematic review the effect of preoxygenation (PreOx) and apnoeic oxygenation (ApOx) during intubation in the critically ill patients by network Meta-analysis. Methods: The PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CNKI and Wanfang Data were searched by computer to collect randomized controlled trials (RCT) of PreOx and ApOx techniques in the intensive care unit (ICU) from inception to January 30th, 2019. PreOx techniques (p) included nasal cannula (NC), high flow nasal cannula (HFNC), bag valve mask (BVM), bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP), non-rebreather mask (NRM) and non-invasive ventilation (NIV), etc.; ApOx technique (a) referred to HFNC. Experimental group strategy was PreOx combined with ApOx, and control group strategy was PreOx alone. The outcomes were as follows: the lowest value of pulse oximetry (SpO₂) during the intubation procedure, the incidence of severe desaturations (SpO₂ < 0.80), and severe intubation-related complications [including SpO₂ < 0.80, systolic blood pressure < 80 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa), vasopressor 30% dose increment, cardiac arrest and death]. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Statistic analysis was performed by RevMan 5.3 software, Stata 15.1 software and WinBUGS 1.4.3 software. Results: A total of 7 RCTs involving 796 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that, compared with the control group, the lowest SpO₂ in the experimental group was significantly increased [mean difference (MD) = 1.42, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 0.60 to 2.25, P = 0.000 7], the incidence of severe complications was significantly decreased [odds ratio (OR) = 0.54, 95%CI was 0.32 to 0.92, P = 0.02], but the incidence of SpO₂ < 0.80 did not improve significantly (OR = 0.65, 95%CI was 0.40 to 1.05, P = 0.08). The network Meta-analysis showed that, compared with non-pressure mask (NPM)p, (HFNC+NIV)p+HFNCa (OR = 51.20, 95%CI was 2.06 to 3 518.68) and NIVp (OR = 5.80, 95%CI was 1.25 to 34.70) had a significant reduction in the incidence of SpO₂ < 0.80 (both P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidence of severe complications during intubation among (HFNC+NIV)p+HFNCa, HFNCp+HFNCa, NIVp and NPMp. The occurrence rate of SpO₂ < 0.80 and severe complications using different oxygenation techniques decreased sequentially in NPMp, HFNCp+HFNCa, NIVp and (HFNC+NIV)p+HFNCa. Conclusion (HFNC+NIV)p+HFNCa should be of a priority choice for critically ill patients during intubation.