Arsenic is a carcinogenic metal-like poison that is widely present in the natural environment. Acute or long-term exposure to arsenic can cause a series of liver injury, such as hepatomegaly, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even liver cancer. In recent years, new progress has been made in the study of the mechanism of arsenic exposure on liver injury. This article will systematically review the main pathogenesis of arsenic-induced liver injury, mainly covering DNA methylation, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, hepatocyte apoptosis, liver fibrosis and autophagy. It aims to provide a theoretical reference for the prevention and treatment of arsenic poisoning.

The oral colon-specific drug delivery system (OCDDS) has gained more attention from investigators in recent years since it can increase local drug concentration and reduce dosage and side effects.The type of colonspecific drug delivery system consists of enzyme dependent,pH dependent,time dependent,pressure dependent system and CODEDSTM.The development of many new materials and technology is very important for the preparation of new type of precise positioning colon-specific preparation.This article summarizes the advances in excipients and technique for oral colon-specific drug delivery system in recent years.It may provide a reference and a basis for the researchers concerned.

Since the implementation of the new healthcare reform,it has achieved some success.However,many problems still exist in the process of primary medical reform,and there are many ethical dilemmas.The un-balanced allocation of medical resources reflects the relationship between government and market,the difficult pro-motion of " three medicine" reflects the sectoral conflicts of interest,the difficult implementation of the grading di-agnosis and treatment system reflects the different demands of stakeholders in health care system.As a result,the whole function of China's medical and health system has not been fully played.Based on the ethical perspective,this paper put forward that taking the scientific definition of government and market responsibility as a framework,it should construct an investment system of health resource allocation taking equity as a value orientation; taking ethi-cal responsibility as the framework,it should promote the cooperation consensus of the linkage reform of medical treatment,medical insurance and medical departments; and taking ethical community as the constraint,it should balance the interests of all parties and promote the implementation of the policy of grading treatment system.

BACKGROUNDSirtuin 1 (SIRT1) has been reported to have diverse roles in various biological processes through deacetylation of histone and nonhistone proteins. However, the correlations among SIRT1 protein expression, clinicopathological parameters, and survival of colorectal cancer patients remain unclear.

METHODSSIRT1 protein expression was measured by immunohistochemistry in a paraffin-embedded tissue microarray, including 120 paired colorectal cancer and normal mucosa tissues. The correlations among SIRT1 protein expression, clinicopathological features, and prognosis were analyzed.

RESULTSAll samples (100%) were positive for SIRT1, with variable staining in the cytoplasm rather than in the nucleus. There was significant difference in SIRT1 overexpression between adenocarcinomas and normal mucosal tissue (P < 0.01, χ(2) test). SIRT1 overexpression was more frequently observed in advanced-stage tumors (P = 0.046, 0.002, χ(2) test). SIRT1 overexpression was significantly correlated with poor overall survival (P = 0.013, log-rank test) and diseasefree survival (P = 0.012, log-rank test).

CONCLUSIONSSIRT1 overexpression correlated with advanced stage and poor prognosis. SIRT1 may play an important role in the progression of colorectal cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Sirtuin 1 ; metabolism