Skeletal muscle is an important tissue of the human body .Besides the roles in the motion system , the respiratory system, and the circulatory system , skeletal muscle also can be a secreting tissue and participate in signal transduction .As the finding of satellite cell and its muscle formation , the viewpoint that skeletal muscle′s injure is irreversible has becoming an history .Using sat-ellite cells to form muscle can be used to treat injury of skeletal muscle .However , the process is affected by many factors , such as ex-tracellular matrix, regulation factors, age, disease, epigenetic and so on.This paper summarizes the latest study progress of satellite cell muscle formation .

Objective To investigate the expression of p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) and p53 protein and relationship with clinicopatbological parameters in human gastric cancers. Methods Primary gastric carcinoma and adjacent normal mucosa were obtained from 84 consecutively enrolled patients undergoing gastric cancer resection at Peking University People's Hospital during the period from April 2001 to May 2003. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to measure the expression of PUMA and p53 proteins both in normal and malignant tissues. Results PUMA expression is significantly weaker in primary gastric carcinoma compared to adjacent normal mucosa (P <0. 01 ). Weak PUMA expression in gastric cancer correlates with depth of tumor invasion ( P < 0. 01 ), advanced pTNM stage ( P < 0. 05 ) and poor overall survival of patients ( P < 0. 05 ). p53 protein expression in gastric carcinoma is significantly higher than adjacent normal mucosa ( P < 0. 01 ). There was a significant negative correlation between the expression of PUMA protein and p53 protein in gastric carcinoma (P < 0. 05 ). Conclusion PUMA expression in gastric carcinoma is significantly lower compared to adjacent normal mucosa. Weak PUMA expression in gastric cancer correlates with depth of tumor invasion, later pTNM stage and poor overall patient survival.

Objective To evaluate KISS1 expression, and its significance in the prognosis of GIST patients. Methods In this study, 137 GIST cases and 73 non-GIST sarcoma cases were evaluated for clinicopathological characteristics and immunohistochemistry for KISS1 antibodies. Result The expression rate of KISS1 was 40.9% (56/137) in GISTs,which was significantly correlated with tumor size, disease extent, cellularity, presence of pseudocapaule, Fletcher's risk stratification and metastatic status after resection (P＜0.05). Patients with positive KISS1 expression had significantly worse disease free survival and disease specific survival (P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusions KISS1 expression was associated with some clinicopathological characteristics as well as malignant behaviors in patients with GISTs. KISS1 might be a predictor in prognosis for GIST patients.

Objective To clarify the role of a cell cycle regulator, cyclin D1 and CDK6 in patients with gastric carcinoma. Method Tissue samples from 48 patients with gastric carcinoma were included in the current study. Expression levels of cyclin Dl and CDK6 in samples of normal mucosa and tumor tissue were analyzed by Western blot. Result Overexpression of cyclin Dl and CDK6 protein were demonstrated in 58% and 69% of gastric cancer tissues, respectively. Several clinicopathologic parameters, including depth of tumor invasion, pathologic lymph node status and tumor stage ( P

Objective To evaluate DOG1 as an immunohistochemical marker for GIST.Methods From Jan 1987 to Sep 2008,210 consecutive cases including 137 GISTs as well as 73 non-GIST sarcoma were evaluated for clinicopathological characteristics and immunostained for DOG1 antibodies.Result Immunoreactivity for DOG1 was detected in 110 of 137 GIST cases (80.3%),3 out of 11 CD117negative GISTs were DOG1-positive.Only 1 of 73 non-GIST case was positive for DOG1.The expression of DOG1 in GIST is associated with the location of tumor,cell density,nuclear pleomorphism and Fletcher grading criteria.The postoperative 1-,3-,5-year overall survival for DOG1 negative and positive patients was 81.3%,74.5%,74.5% and 98.5%,85.9%,83.2%,respectively,P = 0.034.Conclusion DOG1 was a sensitive and specific marker for GIST in gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors (GIMT).

Inrecentyearsmanytargetedagentstreatinggastriccancerhavebeenevaluatedinclinical studies.Trastuzumab,an anti-HER-2 monoclonal antibody,has shown activity against HER-2-positive gastric cancer and become the first targeted agent approved in gastric cancer.Drugs targeting epidermal growth factor receptor,including monoclonal antibody and tyrosine kinase inhibitor,bring survival benefit to patients with gastric cancer.Addi tionally,vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors are also under investigation.Other targeted agents are in preclinical or early clinical development,such as m-TOR inhibitors and c-MET inhibi-tors.

Objective To explore the expression of ininor histocompatibility antigen 13 (HM1 3) in gastric carcinoma and the relationship with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis.Methods The expression of HM 13 was detected by immunohistochemistry in a total of 90 pairs of paraffin-embedded gastric cancer tissue specimens and corresponding paraneoplastic tissues.The correlation between clinicopathological parameters and the expression of HM13 in gastric carcinoma were also analyzed.Downstream gene heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression was detected by qRT-PCR after HM13 gene was interfered.Results High expression of HM13 protein was observed in 47％ gastric carcinoma compared with that in 61％ corresponding paraneoplastic tissues (x2 =3.78,P =0.052).HM13 expression has positive correlation with pathological TNM stage (x2 =5.022,P =0.025) and distant metastasis (P =0.033),but not with age (x2 =0.832,P =0.362),gender (x2 =0.779,P =0.378),tumor size (x2 =0.804,P =0.370),tumor differentiation (x2 =0.430,P =0.512),gross types (x2 =2.069,P =0.150),tumor stromal invasion (x2 =0.167,P =0.683) and lymph node status (x2 =0.396,P =0.529).The patients with low HM13 expression had worse overall survival [(OS):(30 ± 5) months vs.(47 ± 5) months,x2 =6.456,P =0.011] and progress free survival [(PFS):(29 ± 5) months vs.(46 ± 5) months,x2 =6.742,P =0.009].Expression of HO-1 was up-regulated after HM13 gene was interfered (0.532±0.013 vs.0.395±0.011,t=13.93,P＜0.05).Conclusion The low expression of HM13 is associated closely with advanced stage and distant metastases of gastric carcinoma.

Objective To explore the effect of the autoregressive integrated moving average model?nonlinear auto?regressive neural network(ARIMA?NARNN)model on predicting schistosomiasis infection rates of population. Methods The ARIMA model,NARNN model and ARIMA?NARNN model were established based on monthly schistosomiasis infection rates from Janu?ary 2005 to February 2015 in Jiangsu Province,China. The fitting and prediction performances of the three models were com?pared. Results Compared to the ARIMA model and NARNN model,the mean square error(MSE),mean absolute error (MAE)and mean absolute percentage error(MAPE)of the ARIMA?NARNN model were the least with the values of 0.011 1, 0.090 0 and 0.282 4,respectively. Conclusion The ARIMA?NARNN model could effectively fit and predict schistosomiasis in?fection rates of population,which might have a great application value for the prevention and control of schistosomiasis.

BACKGROUND:Smooth muscle cells and transitional epithelial cells were traditionally used to construct tissue-engineered bladder and to perform double-sided implantation of scaffold.However,double-sided implantation is difficult to perform,because smooth muscle cells are difficult to isolate or culture in vitro and passage is limited.OBJECTIVE:To verify the feasibility of tissue-engineered bladder reconstruction with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)and bladder acellular matrix(BAM).DESIGN:A basic empirical study.SETTING:Linbaixin Medical Research Center,Second Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University.MATERIALS:Experiments were performed at the Linbaixin Medical Research Center,Second Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University from March 2006 to Mav 2007.The laboratory was the Opening Laboratory of Hospital Affiliated to Health Department of China.One-month old SD rats of either sex,weighting 80-100 g were provided by Animal Experimental Center of Sun Yat-sen University.Fresh porcine bladders were offered by Animal Experimental Center of Southern Medical University.METHODS:Whole bone marrow culture and successive adherence method was used to culture rat BMSCs in vitro.Flow cytometry was employed to detect surface antigen.Eradicator washing method was applied to prepare porcine BAM and measure its purity and characteristies.Third passage of BMSCs were inoculated in BAM and cultured in a medium containing vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF165)(25 ng/L)in vive and in vitro to test compatibility.Cells cultured alone were considered to be controls for the in vivo trial,and materials non-implanted with cells were considered to be controls for in vitro trial.Suitable microenvironment was simulated to induce the differentiation of BMSCs.Four weeks and eight weeks later,compound materials were respectively removed to perform tissue section test.Simultaneously,immunohistochemistry keratin staining was conducted to examine regeneration of epithelial cells.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:Biocompatibility of BMSCs and BAM.RESULTS:①BMSCs were cultured by whole bone marrow method.Flow cytometry demonstrated that third passage of cells were positive for CD29(99.43%).②BAM had good biological characteristics.Homogen matrix and byssoid collagen appeared under a microscope.Compatibility trials showed good compatibility of BMSCs and BAM and well-growth cells.③Four weeks later,histological section test confirmed inflammatory cell infiltration,closely-arranged collagen and elastic fiber.Immunohistochemistry keratin staining showed lamellar and discontinuous simple epithelium.Eight weeks later,no inflammatory cell infiltration was found,and closely-arranged collagen and elastic fiber were detected.Immunohistochemistry keratin staining showed lamellar and continuous multiple epitheliums.CONCLUSIoN:With good compatibility,BMSCs and BAM appear to be an ideal material for bladder tissue engineering.

ObjectiveTo assess the safety and efficacy of retrograde ureteroscopy lithotomy (URSL)assisted antegrade percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for complex upper ureteral calculi in semisupine-lithotomy position.MethodsFrom March 2007 to December 2010,a total of 95 patients with complex upper ureteral calculi underwent retrograde URSL assisted antegrade PCNL in semisupine-lithotomy position.Ureteral calculi size was 12 mm × 6 mm to 38 mm × 15 mm,24 cases combined with renal calculus.Firstly retrograde URSL was performed,once the stone fragments moved up to renal pelvis,a 16-22 F PCNL working channel was established under the ultrasound guidance through which lithotripsy was performed using an ureteroscope.Finally a 6-7 F double-J tube was indwelled.ResultsOperations were successfullycompleted in 93 patients.However,in it 2 patients were converted to open surgery because of significantureteral distortion due to previous open surgery.Operative time was(42.7 ± 14.9) min; estimated blood loss was(34.5 ± 26.1 ) ml.The ureteral calculi clearance rate was 100.0％,and renal calculus clearance rate inthose combined with renal calculus was 95.8％ (23/24).There were no major intraoperative and postoperative complications excepted early urinary leakage in 2 cases and fever ≥39℃ in 3 cases.ConclusionsRetrograde URSL assisted antegrade PCNL in semisupine-lithotomy position is safe and feasible for complex upperureteral calculi,especially non-opaque calculi,combined with renal calculus,easily ascending ureteral calculi and large calculi burden which has low calculi clearance rate after URSL.The outcomes are encouraging with fewer complications.It also avoids intraoperative change of patient's position.