PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify levels of health-related quality of life (EQ-5D) and its related factors among merchants in traditional markets.METHODS: A cross-sectional design was used. Data were collected through questionnaires and physical examination on blood pressure, blood glucose, total cholesterol and BMI between February 12 and April 13, 2018. The participants were 175 merchants from two traditional markets in U. Metropolitan city. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis using the SPSS/WIN 22.0 program.RESULTS: Levels of health-related EQ-5D were significantly different according to demographic characteristics, smoking status, exercise, total cholesterol, BMI, subjective health status, stress, and depression. The EQ-5D related factors were variables that had significant influence on subjective health status (β=.30, p < .001), gender (β=.27, p < .001), BMI (β=−.16, p=.012), depression (β=−.17, p=.010), and working period (β=−.15, p=.021). They explained 27.2% of the total variance of health-related quality of life (F=13.91, p < .001).CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicated that disease prevention and health management is essential for merchants who work in traditional markets to promote their health-related quality of life. For better merchants outcome, the intervention program should consider factors that are subjective health status, gender, BMI, depression, and working period in order to improve levels of EQ-5D.