No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria*

No abstract available.
Korea* ; Otitis Media* ; Otitis* ; Risk Factors*

The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is to promote the regeneration of lost periodontal tissue, there have been many attempts to develop a method to achieve this goal, but none of them was completely successful. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of Bio-Oss(R) on alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) activity in human fetal osteoblasts (hFOB1). The results of this study were as follows, in ALP Activity, 100 microgram/ml Bio-Oss(R) treated group showed significantly increased value than negative control group, but positive group(10(-7) M dexamethasone treated group) showed the highest ALP activity at 3 day. In mineralization assay, numerous mineralized nodules were identified as darkly stained spots in 100 microgram/ml Bio-Oss(R) treated group than two control groups, whereas a small number of mineralized nodules were showed in the positive control. ALP may relate to the initial phase of bone nodule formation. On the basis of these results, this study showed Bio-Oss(R) is capable of accelerating new bone formation through hFOB1 differentiation in vitro.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Calcification, Physiologic* ; Dexamethasone ; Humans* ; Osteoblasts* ; Osteogenesis ; Regeneration

A nation-wide survey was conducted to estimate the prevalence of otitis media and allied diseases through physical examination by otolaryngologic doctors from July to October, 1991. A sample study population was selected from a panel to be representative of the Korean population by multistage clustered and stratified random sampling method based on the National Census Data, 1990. Total number of subjects undertaken were 9,321, Which were drawn from 2,899 households residing in 60 different areas throughout the country. The overall prevalence of otitis media was 2.85% (3.10% of males and 2.61% of females). Prevalence of each subtype was as follows; acute otitis media, 0.02%; middle ear effusion, 0.60%; chronic otitis media, 2.19%, respectively. The prevalence of otitis media did not vary by sex, nor by urban-rural difference. There was an increasing tendency of the prevalence of otitis media by age. However, the prevalence of both middle ear effusion and acute otitis media showed a decreasing pattern by age. Particularly noteworthy was a significant geographic variation in the prevalence of otitis media by provinces. The prevalence rate of septal deviation was 21.93% and the presence of septal deviation was significantly related to that of otitis media (p < 0.05). The prevalence rates of nasal allergic symptoms, nasal polyposis and evident cleft palate were 1.14%, 1.00% and 0.07%, respectively. The presence of otitis media was significantly correlated with both nasal allergic symptoms (P < 0.1) and evident cleft palate (P < 0.05), but not with that of nasal polyposis.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cleft Palate/epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Otitis Media/*epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of social support and quality of life of stroke patients. METHODS: Stroke patients were interviewed by a direct contact survey among 160 person. A structured questionnaire was configured about demographic features, social support and health related quality of life (SF12). Data were collected from July to August 2009. RESULTS: Among social support, satisfaction of dependable when you need help is the highest score (5.3) and console you when you are very upset is the lowest (4.0). Vitality among health related quality of life (HRQOL) is the higest score (55.9) and general health score is the the lowest (17.4). Physical component score (PCS) is lower than mental component. The results of multiple regression analysis about the factors affecting the PCS and MCS score, disability grade and feel better variable gave effect HRQOL. CONCLUSIONS: For improvement of HRQOL, among stroke patients, community social support, specially, when patients feeling generally down-in-the dumps, the rely on to help feel better was needed.
Humans ; Quality of Life ; Stroke ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The recent mumps epidemic in South Korea has generated a large amount of public concern. This study has attempted to analyze molecular epidemiological changes of mumps virus circulating in Gwangju metropolitan area, South Korea. 953 throat swab samples were collected from patients with parotitis from May 2013 to July 2014. The majority (71.5%) of these cases have occurred in middle or high school students aged from 15 to 19 years. All samples were tested using a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) that targets the short hydrophobic (SH) gene of the virus. Mumps virus SH gene was detected in 39.2% (374/953) of samples. And 82 RT-PCR products were randomly selected for nucleotide sequencing analysis. All of these sequences were determined as genotype I by phylogenetic analysis and showed the highest nucleic acid similarity (99%) with Dg1062/Korea/98 (GenBank accession no. AY309060). These results suggested that appearance of new genotype or genetic variation at the nucleotide level could be ruled out to evaluate main cause of recent mumps outbreak in Gwangju metropolitan area.
Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Gwangju ; Humans ; Korea ; Molecular Epidemiology* ; Mumps ; Mumps virus* ; Parotitis ; Pharynx ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reverse Transcription

OBJECTIVE: The authors developed a stereotactic device for irradiation of small animals with Leksell Gamma Knife(R) Model C. Development and verification procedures were described in this article. METHODS: The device was designed to satisfy three requirements. The mechanical accuracy in positioning was to be managed within 0.5 mm. The strength of the device and structure were to be compromised to provide enough strength to hold a small animal during irradiation and to interfere the gamma ray beam as little as possible. The device was to be used in combination with the Leksell G-frame(R) and KOPF(R) rat adaptor. The irradiation point was determined by separate imaging sequences such as plain X-ray images. RESULTS: The absolute dose rate with the device in a Leksell Gamma Knife was 3.7% less than the value calculated from Leksell Gamma Plan(R). The dose distributions measured with GAFCHROMIC(R) MD-55 film corresponded to those of Leksell Gamma Plan(R) within acceptable range. The device was used in a series of rat experiments with a 4 mm helmet of Leksell Gamma Knife. CONCLUSION: A stereotactic device for irradiation of small animals with Leksell Gamma Knife Model C has been developed so that it fulfilled above requirements. Absorbed dose and dose distribution at the center of a Gamma Knife helmet are in acceptable ranges. The device provides enough accuracy for stereotactic irradiation with acceptable practicality.
Animals ; Gamma Rays ; Head Protective Devices ; Rats

This study was conducted to integrate the results of studies which evaluated or identified the risk factors of CVD(cerebrovascular disorders) for Koreans. We retrieved the literature published in Korean by manual search and the English literature by Medline database to identify studies on the relationship between reported risk factors and CVD conducted for the Korean from 1980 to August, 1997. Hypertension and total serum cholestrol were selected as subjects of quantitative meta-analysis as risk factors of CVD in Koreans. The overall effect sizes of the risk of CVD due to hypertension and total serum cholesterol were calculated by common odds ratio(OR) and average standardized mean difference, retrospectively. Before the integration of each effect sizes into common effect sizes, the heterogeneity tests were conducted. Also, sensitivity tests were conducted for the estimated common effect sizes. Regarding hypertension and CVD, a total of 9 epidemiologic studies were identified with a total of 2,271 cases of CVD. The overall OR of hypertension associated CVD was 4.10(95% confidence interval[CI] 3.56 to 4.71). The OR of hypertension associated with hemorrhagic CVD and ischemic CVD were 6.56(95% CI : 4.92 to 8.80) and 3.28(95% CI : 2.77 to 3.90), retrospectively. The OR of hypertension in relation to hemorrhagic CVD was significantly higher than that of hypertension in relation to overall CVD or ischemic CVD. Regarding serum total cholesterol and ischemic CVD, total 9 epidemiologic studies were identified with a total of 843 cases of ischemic CVD. Average mean difference as an effect size was 0.76, which was judged an important value according to Cohen's criteria. Our data suggested that hypertension was an important risk factor of overall CVD and its subtypes, and that the total serum cholesterol was associated with ischemic CVD in Koreans. For the lack of reliable prospective studies, however, we concluded that further research designed longitudinally would be required in this area.
Cerebrovascular Disorders* ; Cholesterol ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Hypertension ; Population Characteristics ; Research Design ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors*

BACKGROUND: Although pneumonia is the third most common type of nosocomial infection following urinary tract infection and surgical wound infection, it is associated with the highest mortality rate (28-37%), and 16% of deaths in hospitals are caused by it. The purpose of this study was to analyze our cases of postoperative pneumonia and to establish the principles of prevention and treatment for postoperative pneumonia. METHODS: Thirteen cases diagnosed as postoperative pneumonia out of 11,227 patients who were operated on from Jan. 1994 to June 1997 at the Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, were analyzed by a retrospective review of their medical records. The diagnosis of postoperative pneumonia was based on the `Center for Disease Control' criteria. RESULTS: The incidence of postoperative pneumonia was 0.12%. The median patient age was 58 years (ranging from 31 to 70 years). There were 7 males and 6 females. The causal diseases for the operations were 7 gastric cancers, 2 ileus, and 4 others. Five subtotal gastrectomies, 3 total gastrectomies, and 5 other operations were performed, and there were 10 elective and 3 emergent operations. The preoperative status was investigated. Two cases were preoperatively diagnosed as bronchiectasis. Other associated medical illnesses were 2 coronary arterial diseases, 2 hypertensions, and 2 others. Six patients had a history of smoking. The `American Society of Anesthesiologist' physical status score was checked in 11 cases. There were 2 cases with one points, six cases with two points, and 3 cases with a higher number of points. The average time until diagnosis after operation was 4.0 +/- 3.85 days. All had purulent sputum and high fever, and showed pneumonic infiltration on Chest PA. Four Gram positive and 7 Gram negative bacteria were isolated from the sputum of 12 patient, including three cases with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and two cases with MRSA. All patients were treated with antibiotics. Five patients were admitted to the ICU, and 3 patients maintained intubation after anesthesia. Twelve patients had a nasogastric tube, for which the average period of intubation was 14.1 +/- 14.61 days. One patient expired, and 12 improved. CONCLUSIONS: There was a very low incidence of postoperative pneumonia, and most patients were old. Upper abdominal surgery proved to be an important risk factor, and prolonged maintenance of the nasogastric tube may predispose postoperative patients to pneumonia. The appearance of many antibiotics- resistant bacteria demanded the judicious use of antibiotics.
Anesthesia ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteria ; Bronchiectasis ; Cross Infection ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Fever ; Gastrectomy ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; Humans ; Ileus ; Incidence ; Intubation ; Male ; Medical Records ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Mortality ; Pneumonia* ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors* ; Seoul ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Sputum ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Surgical Wound Infection ; Thorax ; Urinary Tract Infections

No abstract available.
Arteries* ; Infarction* ; Spinal Cord Vascular Diseases ; Spinal Cord*